Search

Although a great deal is known about the recognition of states, less is known about the practice of derecognition of states, namely why and how states withdraw the recognition of other contested and partially recognized states. The Derecognition of States offers a global and comparative outlook of this unexplored diplomatic practice. Using original empirical research, it addresses the complex processes, justifications, and consequences of state derecognition. In particular, it provides unique insights into five aspirant states facing withdrawal of recognition: Taiwan, Western Sahara, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Kosovo. Gëzim Visoka argues that state derecognition is a highly controversial and unstable practice that has less to do with the unfulfillment of the conditions of statehood by the claimant than with the advancement of the self-interest of the former base state and derecognizing state. The derecognition of states is not a rule; rather, it is an exception in international diplomacy, driven by political expediency and is incompatible with original rationales for granting recognition. Yet, the derecognition of states is far more important than previously recognized in shaping the reversal dynamics of secession and state creation and in influencing regional peace, geopolitical rivalries, and the international order. By analyzing the withdrawal of recognition, the book offers a window into the reversal politics of unbecoming a sovereign state and how the arbitrary beginning and the end of diplomatic relations between states take place.

This open access book critically examines the policies and practices related to climate-related human mobility in Asia-Pacific and the legal and policy protection framework for climatically displaced migrants (CDMs) through an interdisciplinary human rights-based approach. While covering the policy and theoretical dimensions of mobility, it also evaluates the issue through empirical studies. The book illustrates how interdisciplinary rights-based approaches address and identify gaps in the protection framework for the region regarding dimensions of climate change displacement, migration, forced migration, susceptibility to climate change, and typology of climate change-induced displacement. Presenting multiple case scenarios, it recommends a legal mechanism based on human rights in a region brimming with variety and multiculturalism. Bringing together voices from the Asia-Pacific Academic Network on Disaster Displacement, the book examines issues that are immediately relevant in countries where they are living and working. In addition to academic perspective, the chapters also bring perspectives from positions held in national human rights institutions and government. They bring insight into lived experience and policy processes, seeking to avert, minimize, and address displacement, including through general disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation initiatives, as well as specific initiatives around emergency preparedness for response and planned relocation and resettlement. The chapters examine diverse forms of human mobility, including displacement, planned relocation, and forced immobility. The combination of studies focusing on both sudden onset and slower onset movement is also distinctive. With a thorough understanding of the interdisciplinary rights-based approaches to the issue, students, researchers, policymakers, administrators, and all those engaged in studying these topics can quickly evaluate and appreciate how the rights of CDMs are protected on a national, regional, and international level in Asia-Pacific.

This open access book discusses the state of rule of law protection in Europe, by considering recent challenges to judiciary independence in EU countries. The purpose of the book is to advance solutions to such challenges. It looks at the challenges from the perspective of EU law and ECHR law and puts forward solutions for its improvement and paths of action to be taken by EU political institutions to solve the problems. The book consists of communications presented by leading European scholars, judges and prosecutors, in a conference in Lisbon, organised by Prof. Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque and Judge Filipe Marques.

Making human rights a reality requires that various types of domestic actors take measures, which is often demanding, all the more so in federal systems. This open access book, Engaging with Human Rights: How Subnational Actors use Human Rights Treaties in Policy Processes, shows that an important part is played at the subnational level, with repeated back-and-forth between and within levels of governance rather than a ‘top-down’ trajectory. The dynamics of implementation at national and sub-national level is an emerging area of study. This book explores how actors use human rights treaties in the policy process, sometimes leading to an engagement that increases human rights implementation, and at other times not. Treaties provide both opportunities and constraints. Switzerland, as a highly decentralized federal state, offers a perfect setting to study the processes at work. Using legal, political, and sociological analyses, the authors draw on over 65 semi-structured interviews and focusses on two topical case studies: violence against women, including domestic violence, and the rights of persons with disabilities. This book provides a blueprint for other researchers and practitioners who wish to study the concrete implementation and impacts of human rights obligations.

This open access book examines the diverse strategies implemented by national and local European governments to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Rather than focus on individual national case studies, it brings together leading scholars and policymakers to analyse the wide range of containment policies utilised across the continent at various levels of government. In doing so, the volume assesses Covid-19 crisis-management experiences to identify good practices based on comparative and fine-grained evidence. It argues that such a stock-taking exercise is crucial to better prepare European polities and societies for future crises, including climate change and environmental disasters. The book will appeal to scholars and students of public policy, crisis-management, public administration, international relations and comparative law.

Mental health law is a rapidly evolving area of practice and research, with growing global dimensions. This work reflects the increasing importance of this field, critically discussing key issues of controversy and debate, and providing up-to-date analysis of cutting-edge developments in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Australia. This is a timely moment for this book to appear. The United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) sought to transform the landscape in which mental health law is developed and implemented. This Convention, along with other developments, has, to varying degrees, informed sweeping legislative reforms in many countries around the world. These and other developments are discussed here. Contributors come from a wide range of countries and a variety of academic backgrounds including ethics, law, philosophy, psychiatry, and psychology. Some contributions are also informed by lived experience, whether in person or as family members. The result is a rich, polyphonic, and sometimes discordant account of what mental health law is and what it might be. The Handbook is aimed at mental health scholars and practitioners as well as students of law, human rights, disability studies, and psychiatry, and campaigners and law- and policy-makers.

This open access book examines the implications for the EU of a radically changed international context characterized by systemic rivalry, competition over norms and regulations, and growing strategic tension. Globalization that once tied national economies together and internationalized social phenomena, such as education, research and innovation, and tourism, has gone in reverse. An opposite trend is driving the world into distinct spheres of competing models of governance, regulation, technological development, and communication. Facing the most extensive rupture of economic and inter-state relations since the onset of the Cold War, the management of the EU’s internal and external borders is taking on a completely new meaning. The open access book brings together scholars from economics, law, and political science to provide up dated assessments and policy advice on the insecurity in the neighborhood and war in Ukraine, the EU’s role in the future European security architecture,weaponized energy dependence, and the global competition on norms.

This open access book investigates whether and how theoretical findings and insights in contemporary art conservation can be translated into the daily work practices of conservators or, vice versa, whether and how the problems and dilemmas encountered in conservation practice can inform broader research questions and projects. For several decades now, the conservation of contemporary art has been a dynamic field of research and reflection. Because of contemporary art’s variable constitution, its care and management calls for a fundamental rethinking of the overall research landscape of museums, heritage institutions, private-sector organizations and universities. At first, this research was primarily pursued by conservation professionals working in or with museums and other heritage organizations, but increasingly academic researchers and universities became involved, for instance through collaborative projects. This book is the result of such collaboration. It sets out to bridge the “gap” between theory and practice by investigating conservation practices as a form of reflection and reflection as a form of practice.

Mit dem Data Governance Act (DGA) hat sich der europäische Gesetzgeber für eine strenge Regulierung von Datenvermittlungsdiensten entschieden. Anbieter von Datenvermittlungsdiensten werden durch Art. 10-15 DGA verpflichtet, sich vor der Aufnahme ihrer Dienste bei einer zuständigen Behörde anzumelden und umfangreiche Vorgaben an die Erbringung ihrer Dienste einzuhalten. Ziel dieser Vorschriften ist es, das Nutzervertrauen in Datenvermittlungsdienste zu stärken und dadurch Anreize für den vertrauensvollen Datenaustausch zwischen Privatpersonen, Unternehmen und staatlichen Einrichtungen zu setzen. Die vorliegende Arbeit unternimmt die bislang umfassendste Untersuchung der Art. 10-15 DGA im Hinblick auf B2B-Datenvermittlungsdienste. Vor dem Hintergrund der Zielsetzungen der europäischen Datenstrategie sowie der ökonomischen Besonderheiten von B2B-Datenmärkten und Datenvermittlungsdiensten werden die Art. 10-15 DGA detailliert ausgelegt und aus rechtsökonomischer Perspektive bewertet. ; Mit dem Data Governance Act (DGA) hat sich der europäische Gesetzgeber für eine strenge Regulierung von Datenvermittlungsdiensten entschieden. Anbieter von Datenvermittlungsdiensten werden durch Art. 10-15 DGA verpflichtet, sich vor der Aufnahme ihrer Dienste bei einer zuständigen Behörde anzumelden und umfangreiche Vorgaben an die Erbringung ihrer Dienste einzuhalten. Ziel dieser Vorschriften ist es, das Nutzervertrauen in Datenvermittlungsdienste zu stärken und dadurch Anreize für den vertrauensvollen Datenaustausch zwischen Privatpersonen, Unternehmen und staatlichen Einrichtungen zu setzen. Die vorliegende Arbeit unternimmt die bislang umfassendste Untersuchung der Art. 10-15 DGA im Hinblick auf B2B-Datenvermittlungsdienste. Vor dem Hintergrund der Zielsetzungen der europäischen Datenstrategie sowie der ökonomischen Besonderheiten von B2B-Datenmärkten und Datenvermittlungsdiensten werden die Art. 10-15 DGA detailliert ausgelegt und aus rechtsökonomischer Perspektive bewertet.

This open access volume of LIDC contributions focuses on how competition and intellectual property laws incorporate sustainability objectives. Businesses are increasingly embracing sustainability objectives, driven by the international community. Although competition and intellectual property law are certainly not the only tools for addressing sustainability issues, they can play a role in moving toward a more sustainable society. Sustainability has gained prominence in competition law in all jurisdictions covered in this volume. The contributions focus on classic questions such as whether sustainability agreements restrict competition and, if so, to what extent businesses can be exempted on efficiency grounds. The papers also raise a number of questions, in particular concerning the treatment of non-market efficiencies. The soft law and case law produced by competition authorities are examined, and the leadership role of some competition authorities in the field – from advocacy to policy papers and sustainability guidelines – is highlighted. The authors call for more individual guidance to provide enhanced transparency and clarity to industry, advisors and society at large on sustainability issues, with guidelines or sustainability-related block exemptions providing even greater legal certainty. With regard to intellectual property, the contributions examine various important issues, such as the need for intellectual property rights to remain technology-neutral, ways to promote the use of sustainable technologies and incentives for licensing, and ways to promote the dissemination of sustainable technologies, including compulsory licensing, cross-licensing, open source or FRAND licensing, and replacing the destruction of counterfeit goods with recycling. The papers also discuss greenwashing and how it can be addressed through revisions to trademarks and related rights.

This book examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has engendered a new and challenging environment in which borders drawn around people, places, and social structures have hardened and new ones have emerged. Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, borders closed or became unwelcoming at the international, national, sub-national, and local levels. Debate persists as to whether those countries and territories that tightly managed their borders, like New Zealand, Australia, or Hong Kong, got it ‘right’ compared to those that did not. Without doubt, a majority of those who suffered and died throughout the pandemic have been those from vulnerable populations. Yet on the other hand, efforts taken to manage the spread of the disease, such as through border management, have also disproportionately affected those who are most vulnerable. How then is the right balance to be struck, acknowledging, too, the economic and other imperatives that may dissuade governments from taking public health steps? This book considers how international organizations, countries, and institutions within those countries should conceive of, and manage, borders as the world continues to struggle with COVID-19 and prepares for the next pandemic. Engaging a range of international, and sub-national, examples, the book thematizes the main issues at stake in the control and management of borders in the interests of public health. This book will be of considerable interest to academics in the fields of health law, anthropology, economics, history, medicine, public health, and political science, as well as policymakers and public health planners at national and sub-national levels.

This book introduces a novel discourse, based on socio-legal theory of compliance with international environmental law, which addresses the overarching question: When can international environmental law and policy achieve implementation, compliance, and be effective? Offering an important contribution to academic and practical understandings of implementation and compliance with international environmental obligations, the book firstly critiques existing multidisciplinary theories of law and then brings together international and domestic legal theories to highlight their symbiotic relationship. It also stresses the importance of interactions between domestic and international legal and policy processes. This pioneering discourse is argued to be transformative to international environmental regimes and offers a way for them to be truly normative and to achieve compliance. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of socio-legal studies and international environmental law and policy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Book of the Disappeared confronts worldwide human rights violations of enforced disappearance and genocide and explores the global quest for justice with forceful, outstanding contributions by respected scholars, expert practitioners, and provocative contemporary artists. This profoundly humane book spotlights our historic inhumanity while offering insights for survival and transformation.

This is an Open Access book. Amid the growing debate about models of judicial governance and their relationship to democratic quality, this book offers a systematic and empirical study of this relationship. The book thereby contributes to filling in this gap for the European continent. Taking an interdisciplinary politics and law perspective, and combining empirical and theoretical considerations, the book addresses the important link between democracy and judicial governance. In particular, it provides for three interconnected contributions. First, the book provides for a comprehensive classification of European countries into different models of judicial governance. Second, the book analyses empirically the relationship between the design of judicial governance and the quality of democracy. Third, building on those findings, the book presents policy reflections for the reform and improvement of mechanisms for judicial governance in European countries. The book seeks to refine our knowledge about the relationship between judicial governance and democracy, making an important academic and social contribution. In an era in which many democracies backslide and deconsolidate, it assesses to what extent existing mechanisms for judicial governance have contributed to the stability and quality of democratic systems in which they are implemented. Furthermore, the book puts forward reflections to improve the role of organs for judicial governance in fostering the quality of democracy. Since the book introduces in an accessible form key concepts of Judicial Governance, it will be of interest for the general public as well as academics and students in the fields of Law and Political Science. The book also addresses policy makers, as based on our empirical knowledge about the interaction judicial governance and democracy it puts forward ideas for a design of judicial governance that is more capable of protecting democratic systems of government.

This chapter analyses the international humanitarian legal ordering of human and other relationships during armed conflict and disaster by looking at two examples, namely the ‘natural’ environment and human-scientific constructed AI-powered swarms of drones. Drawing on these examples, as well as post-anthropocentric and posthuman legal scholarship, the authors argue that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has some potential in developing in a post-anthropocentric direction, specifically in reorienting its focus from armed conflicts to violent outbursts by making use of the Deleuze-Guattarian notion of ‘war-machines’. The authors argue that this will enable IHL to offer a better protection on a less anthropocentric and more inclusive and equal basis in a shared posthuman ecology. The chapter offers an overview of current legal regulations as well as a theoretical and practice-oriented outline for the development of IHL.

child trafficking; human trafficking; trafficking; anti-trafficking policies; EU-ASEAN; ASEAN; Human Rights; governance

This Chapter examines the regulatory and voluntary anti-trafficking governance architecture in the private sector, as well as the power dynamics in MNEs’ GVCs as vectors of norm transmission. It argues that, whereas the public authorities in the EU and ASEAN’s Member States have an increasingly robust legal and policy framework to fight child trafficking, public authorities and multinational enterprises (MNEs) are jointly contributing to upholding the exploitative practices towards children, by leaving untouched the economic structures that fuel trafficking. The model is starting to be overhauled in some sectors of the economy, through strategies to gain back control over GVCs, whether through the shortening of supply chains, or other strategies such as the establishment of direct relations with small producers, who are given a fairer deal compared to situations when they are end producers in long GVCs. It will require more efforts to scale up these initiatives and create sufficient momentum to efficiently combat anti-trafficking, otherwise “blue” initiatives of social sustainability risk leading to further sustainability-driven supplier-squeezes, reinforcing the divide between small businesses and large corporations, and increasing the structural vulnerability of children to trafficking.

Introduction: This introduction provides the rationale and theoretical anchoring for the volume and its focus on aparadigmatic cases. It argues that practice and scholarship in paradigmatic transitional justice contexts built a field that conceptualises the state as a partner in the transition. However, due to the field’s expansion to aparadigmatic justice contexts, this assumption and its associated binary concepts cannot inform analysis. Instead, as demonstrated by the present volume, transitional justice in aparadigmatic contexts offer different intentions, responses, and experiences of transitional justice. Where the state is not a partner, it may ignore, refuse, resist, and fight, while giving way to other actors and justice articulations. The chapter first conceptualizes transitional justice as the potential for recognition, accountability and disruption. The chapter then discusses the expansion and recent standardisation of the field, whereby transitional justice has become four specific types of mechanisms: trials, truth telling, reparation and institutional reform. Thereafter it analyses the problem of the state, particularly how the field has assumed a transitional state, a partnering state. In the next section it offers a typology of transitional justice contexts that cover both paradigmatic and aparadigmatic contexts and ranges from contexts of ongoing conflict to consolidated democracy in formerly imperial states. This range covers seven different types of transitional justice context organized on the basis of the status of its political authority. Lastly, it maps the volume’s chapters onto the typology and briefly introduces each of them.

This chapter compares two attempts to apply transitional justice to Belgium: the special parliamentary commission established in 2020 to analyse Belgium’s colonial past in the Great Lakes region; and the earlier process of designing an educational programme for dealing with societal polarization. The parliamentary commission was modelled on a truth commission, while the educational programme drew on experiences with using transitional justice tools in conflicted settings in the Global South. Where the first struggled with issues of representation and decoloniality, the second met with skepticism and rejection because transitional justice was understood to apply to the Global South. Inscribed in these responses to transitional justice were therefore the relationship between Belgium and its others in the Global South. The chapter demonstrates that in consolidated democracies engaging in transitional justice processes may challenge the legitimacy of existing state institutions and their associated narratives.

The purpose of the present chapter is to initiate the analysis of the child trafficking apparatus through the examination of a paradox pertaining to the protection of children: the simultaneous acceptance of a universal norm of child protection, and the frequent vulnerabilisation of trafficked children who have been taken into care. This discrepancy raises a set of interrogations about the politics of “making live” or “letting die” (Foucault), and the clashes that shape the manner in which the issue is settled for identified trafficking victims. Drawing on Foucaultian analyses of biopower, Chapter 3 shows the internal tension between “make live” objectives and “let die” practices unfolding in the global protection apparatus and its manifestations in member states of ASEAN and the EU. Through a set of solid data collected through fieldwork and interviews, it argues that the protection apparatus deviates towards unintended consequences or biopolitics of selection, resulting in non-protection mechanisms for children identified as trafficking victims. The biopolitics of the child protection apparatus, where trafficking victims are concerned, is analysed along the lines of their politics of selection; the material, psychological and symbolic liminal spaces it produces; and the fabrics – that is, the mechanisms –, as well as the fabric –namely the intrinsic structure of the protection apparatus – that amplify the initial vulnerability of children.

This chapter concludes the volume, drawing together its different theoretical and empirical chapters. It argues that there is merit in looking beyond paradigmatic transitional contexts, since such a focus allows transitional justice to become relevant for a variety of justice actors, enables a decolonization of the field, and offers a new perspective on what can be expected of transitional justice. To make this argument the chapter discusses five themes that surface in the empirical chapters describing when transitional justice travels to aparadigmatic cases: 1. Pluralism and the unsettled character of transitional justice. 2. The standardisation of localized justice initiatives. 3. Ongoing transitions. 4. Political will and legitimacy. 5. Bridging the divide between scholars and practitioners. These five themes help to understand the contemporary field of transitional justice as it has expanded from transitional to non-transitional, aparadigmatic contexts.

This open access book brings conceptual clarity to the study and practice of self-determination, showing that it is, without doubt, one of the most important concepts of the international legal order. It argues that the accepted categorisation of internal and external self-determination is not helpful, and suggests a new typology. This new framework has four categories: the polity-based, secessionary, colonial, and remedial forms. Each will be distinguished by the grounds, or the legitimacy-claim, on which it is based. This not only ensures consistency, it moves the question out of the purely conceptual realm and addresses the practical concerns of those invoking self-determination. By presenting international lawyers with a typology that is both theoretically consistent and more practically useful, the author makes a significant contribution to our understanding of this keystone of international law. The open access edition of this book is available under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht.

Gathering an interdisciplinary range of cutting-edge scholars, this book addresses legal constitutions of value. Global value production and transnational value practices that rely on exploitation and extraction have left us with toxic commons and a damaged planet. Against this situation, the book examines law’s fundamental role in institutions of value production and valuation. Utilising pathbreaking theoretical approaches, it problematizes mainstream efforts to redeem institutions of value production by recoupling them with progressive values. Aiming beyond radical critique, the book opens up the possibility of imagining and enacting new and different value practices. This wide-ranging and accessible book will appeal to international lawyers, socio-legal scholars, those working at the intersections of law and economy and others, in politics, economics, environmental studies and elsewhere, who are concerned with rethinking our current ideas of what has value, what does not, and whether and how value may be revalued.

Male-dominated law and legal knowledge essentially characterized the whole of pre-modern history in that the patriarchy represented the axis of social relations in both the private and public spheres. Indeed, modern and even contemporary law still have embedded elements of patriarchal heritage, even in the secular modern legal systems of Western developed countries, either within the content of legislation or in terms of its implementation and interpretation. This is true to a greater or lesser extent across legal systems, although the secular modern legal systems of the Western developed countries have made great advances in terms of gender equality. The traditional understanding of law has always been self-evidently dominated by men, but modern law and its understanding have also been more or less “malestreamed.” Therefore, it has become necessary to overcome the given “maskulinity” of legal thought. In contemporary legal and political orders, gender mainstreaming of law has been of the utmost importance for overcoming deeply and persistently embedded power relations and gender-based, unequal social relations. At the same time and equally importantly, the gender mainstreaming of legal education – to which this book aims to contribute – can help to gradually eliminate this male dominance and accompanying power relations from legal education and higher education as a whole. This open access textbook provides an overview of gender issues in all areas of law, including sociological, historical and methodological issues. Written for students and teachers around the globe, it is intended to provide both a general overview and in-depth knowledge in the individual areas of law. Relevant court decisions and case studies are supplied throughout the book.

This open-access book brings together international experts who shed new light on the status of social enterprises, benefit corporations and other purpose-driven companies. The respective chapters take a multidisciplinary approach (combining law, philosophy, history, sociology and economics) and provide valuable insights on fostering social entrepreneurship and advancing the common good. In recent years, we have witnessed a significant shift of how business activities are conducted, mainly through the rise of social enterprises. In an effort to target social problems at their roots, social entrepreneurs create organizations that bring transformative social changes by considering, among others, ethical, social, and environmental factors. A variety of social enterprise models are emerging internationally and are proving their vitality and importance. But what does the term “social enterprise” mean? What are its roots? And how does it work in practice within the legal framework of any country? This handbook attempts to answer these questions from a theoretical, historical, and comparative perspective, bringing together 44 contributions written by 71 expert researchers and practitioners in this field. The first part provides an overview of the social enterprise movement, its evolution, and the different forms entities can take to meet global challenges, overcoming the limits of what governments and states can do. The second part focuses on the emergence of benefit corporations and the growing importance of sustainability and societal values, while also analyzing their different legal forms and adaptation to their regulatory environment. In turn, the last part presents the status quo of purpose-driven companies in 36 developed and emerging economies worldwide. This handbook offers food for thought and guidance for everyone interested in this field. It will benefit practitioners and decision-makers involved in social and community organizations, as well as in international development and, more generally speaking, social sciences and economics.

This open access book presents global perspectives and developments within the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, and discusses the bearing they have on policy initiatives that are relevant to the larger digital technology and communications industry. Drawing on key developments in India, the USA, UK, EU, and China, it explores whether key jurisdictions need to adopt a different legal and policy approach to address the unique concerns that have emerged within the technology-intensive industries. The book also examines the latest law and policy debates surrounding patents and competition in these regions. Initiating a multi-faceted discussion, the book enables readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of complex legal and policy issues that are beginning to emerge around the globe.

Dieses Open-Access Buch erläutert in einer praxisnahen Darstellung, wie sich Erbstreitigkeiten durch eine Mediation zügig und für alle Beteiligten sehr befriedigend beilegen lassen. Auf der Grundlage ihrer jahrelangen Mediationspraxis berichten die Verfasser, warum sich erbrechtliche Konflikte in besonderer Weise für pragmatische Kompromisse eignen und wie es gelingt, die Erben auf diesen Weg zu bringen. Das Buch versteht sich als Ratgeber für anwaltliche Berater, Mediatoren sowie für Erblasser und Erben und gibt vielfältige Hilfestellungen für kluges Konfliktmanagement in der Gestaltung und Abwicklung der Vermögensnachfolge.

Is the current structure of international law still adequate to solve global problems such as child labour? This book argues for more coherence between human rights and trade law, analysing the world trade law compatibility of topical trade measures on (forced) child labour such as the US Tariff Act of 1930 or the proposal for an EU Forced Labour Regulation, mainly under the GATT non-discrimination principles and the policy exceptions clause. Discussing theories such as constitutionalism and pluralism, Franziska Humbert develops the idea of a New Legal Humanism as a cognitive frame for the global legal order.

This book explores strategies for limiting transnational market failures, governance failures and constitutional failures impeding protection of the universally agreed sustainable development goals like climate change mitigation and access to justice and transnational rule-of-law. Can multilevel democratic and judicial protection of fundamental rights and public goods across frontiers be extended through plurilateral agreements? Can transnational economic and environmental constitutionalism be reconciled with ‘constitutional pluralism’ and with democratic constitutionalism depending on individual and democratic consent of free and equal citizens? Will judicial challenges (e.g. of EU carbon border adjustment measures) and countermeasures lead to further disruption of UN and WTO law?

The Constitutional Court of Indonesia functions in one of the most diverse societies in the world. It is required to resolve disputes within a kaleidoscope of diversity and plurality with flexibility, pragmatism, asymmetry, and wisdom. Whilst national minimum norms are important for nation-building, recognition of local customs, diversities and indigenous systems are equally important to protect the territorial integrity of Indonesia and ensure local peace and stability. Responding to demands of religious plurality, customary lands rights, traditional voting systems, decentralisation to regions and local governments, and responding to diversity of community life, requires extraordinary skill, insight and flexibility. This book gives insight into twenty years of jurisprudence and places it in an international comparison.

As tariffs have fallen dramatically over the past decades, behind-the-border measures—such as technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures—have become increasingly important for international trade policy. To facilitate trade, governments sign trade agreements in which they agree to base such measures on international standards. But who actually develops these standards? This book takes a close look at the International Organization for Standardization and the Codex Alimentarius – two prominent standard-setting organizations in the area of TBT and SPS – to investigate how international standardization influences the design of international trade agreements, and vice versa.

Are unilateral economic sanctions legal under public international law? How do they relate to the existing international legal principles and norms? Can unilateral economic sanctions imposed to redress grave human rights violations be subjected to the same legal contestations as other unilateral sanctions? What potential contribution can the recently formulated doctrine of Common Concern of Humankind make by introducing substantive and procedural prerequisites to legitimise unilateral human rights sanctions? Unilateral Sanctions in International Law and the Enforcement of Human Rights by Iryna Bogdanova addresses these complex questions while taking account of the burgeoning state practice of employing unilateral economic sanctions.

This open access book, summarising the research conducted at this Jean Monnet Chair, seeks to identify the ethical spirit of European Union (EU) values. EU integration began at the economic level; human rights were only added at a later stage. Finally, the Lisbon Treaty turned the EU into a ‘Union of values’ by enshrining certain concepts in Art 2 TEU. This provision can be seen as a hub linked to various other provisions of EU primary and secondary law. The values contained therein have, amongst others, been applied to two areas (digitalisation and non-financial reporting, partly in sports), and further specified in others (health and partly in sports). This book analyses the evolution of values (ratione temporis) and the questions of who is entitled and who is obliged (ratione personae). Besides the external perspective (ratione limitis; e.g., Brexit), it focuses on the composition of the EU’s common values (ratione materiae). As Art 2 TEU can be viewed as a hub, it is essential to focus on various relations, not only between values, but also between values and other provisions of EU law, as well as other concepts. Based on this description of the status quo, the book subsequently addresses a possible future direction, arguing for an additional narrative (trust), an additional value (environmental protection), and a more communitarian Union. In closing, apart from the classical commitment of the EU and the Member States to uphold the values of the EU, the book discusses the level of individuals and values as virtues. Various figures and tables complement this overview of the status quo of the Union of values and outline of its future direction.

As climate change and a pandemic pose enormous challenges to humankind, the concept of expert governance gains new traction. This book revisits the idea that scientists, bureaucrats, and lawyers, rather than politicians or diplomats, should manage international relations. It shows that this technocratic approach has been a persistent theme in writings about international relations, both academic and policy-oriented, since the 19th century. The technocratic tradition of international thought unfolded in four phases which were closely related to domestic processes of modernization and rationalization. The pioneering phase lasted from the Congress of Vienna to the First World War. In these years, philosophers, law scholars, and early social scientists began to combine internationalism and ideals of expert governance. Between the two world wars, a utopian period followed that was marked by visions of technocratic international organizations that would have overcome the principle of territoriality. In the third phase, from the 1940s to the 1960s, technocracy became the dominant paradigm of international institution-building. That paradigm began to disintegrate from the 1970s onwards, but important elements remain until the present day. The specific promise of technocratic internationalism is its ability to transform violent and unpredictable international politics into orderly and competent public administration. Such ideas also had political clout. This book shows how they left their mark on the League of Nations, the functional branches of the United Nations system, and the European integration project.

From Exception to Promotion: Re-Thinking the Relationship between International Trade and Environmental Law tells a new, unconventional story of the relationship between international trade and environmental law, where the keyword is synergy rather than conflict, and where sustainable development and environmental protection are portrayed as part of the very nature and purpose of the trade regime.; Readership: Academics and students interested in international trade and environmental law, as well as in the interface between different areas of international law.

In International Law and Transition to Peace in Colombia, César Rojas-Orozco analyses the role of international law in transition from armed conflict to peace, by using the analytical framework of jus post bellum and Colombia as a case study. While contemporary attention to jus post bellum has focused on its theoretical development and regarding international warfare, this book is the first work to comprehensively assess the concept in practice and in the context of a non-international armed conflict. Discussing the creative formulas adopted in Colombia to conciliate international legal requirements and the practical needs of peace, the book offers concrete elements to understand the concept of jus post bellum as a framework to guide other transitions around the world. Readership: Scholars and practitioners interested in the role of international law at peacemaking and peacebuilding, in the concept of jus post bellum, and in the Colombian transition to peace.

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), including methane, black carbon, hydrofluorocarbons, and tropospheric ozone, have become part of climate policy debates. Discussion has revolved around the potential of their mitigation to slow down global warming in the short term and bring about co-benefits, for instance, for air quality and public health. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of global SLCP law and governance. A diverse array of contributors delves into the science and evolution of the concept of SLCPs, analyses the legal and governance responses developed under various international and transnational arenas, and discusses selected sectoral case studies.

Launched in 1991, the Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major internationally-refereed yearbook dedicated to international legal issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective. It is published under the auspices of the Foundation for the Development of International Law in Asia (DILA) in collaboration with DILA-Korea, the Secretariat of DILA, in South Korea. When it was launched, the Yearbook was the first publication of its kind, edited by a team of leading international law scholars from across Asia. It provides a forum for the publication of articles in the field of international law and other Asian international legal topics. The objectives of the Yearbook are two-fold: First, to promote research, study and writing in the field of international law in Asia; and second, to provide an intellectual platform for the discussion and dissemination of Asian views and practices on contemporary international legal issues. Each volume of the Yearbook contains articles and shorter notes; a section on Asian state practice; an overview of the Asian states’ participation in multilateral treaties and succinct analysis of recent international legal developments in Asia; a bibliography that provides information on books, articles, notes, and other materials dealing with international law in Asia; as well as book reviews. This publication is important for anyone working on international law and international relations.

This book dives into the legal and economic rationale of patent exhaustion, studying its evolution from the beginning in Germany, UK and USA, to Japan and 10 developing countries. The author also analyses exhaustion under TRIPS, GATT, GATS and major regional agreements, including the EU, before assessing the interface of patent exhaustion with competition policy. The book also addresses public policy concerns of Least developed and developing countries linked to their IPR challenges as IP users. It concludes that an appropriate exhaustion mode under relevant legal measures would protect patents while also restraining patents to become non-tariff barriers.

Ressortforschung befähigt den Staat, die von ihm wahrgenommenen Aufgaben in Rückbindung zum Stand der Wissenschaft und Forschung auszuüben. A. Katarina Weilert analysiert umfänglich die begriffliche und funktionale Bestimmung der Ressortforschung und stellt zusammenhängend die institutionellen Ausprägungen und rechtlichen Strukturen der Ressortforschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Europäischen Union sowie im Europäischen Verwaltungsverbund dar. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt legt sie dabei auf den Bereich staatlicher und unionsrechtlicher Gesundheitsverantwortung. Für die Ressortforschung insgesamt wird die Spannung zwischen staatlicher bzw. supranationaler Einbindung und Forschungsfreiheit rechtlich neu konturiert und gleichzeitig ein Beitrag zur objektiv-rechtlichen Funktion der Grundrechte geleistet. Dabei zeigt die Autorin die Geltung eines verfassungsrechtlichen und unionsrechtlichen Verbots der Legitimationsforschung auf und untermauert dieses argumentativ. Ressortforschung dient dem Rationalitätsgewinn nur, solange der Charakter freier Forschung nicht überformt wird.

Bei der Nutzung von Apps oder dem Besuch von Websites sind immer mehr Akteure daran beteiligt, personenbezogene Daten zu vielfältigen Zwecken zu verarbeiten. Oftmals sind sie für Betroffene nicht sichtbar, in ihrem Handeln kaum kontrollierbar. Gleichzeitig stellen mächtige Plattformen meist die Infrastruktur für Verarbeitungen. Diese Entwicklung stellt die Angemessenheit des privaten Datenschutzrechts und seiner Zuschreibung von Verantwortlichkeit auf die Probe. In diesem Spannungsfeld nutzt Florian Wittner interdisziplinäre Erkenntnisse, um die wichtigsten Akteursrollen und ihre Kontroll- und Einflusssphären aufzuzeigen und mit dem Verantwortlichkeitskonzept der DSGVO unter Berücksichtigung der EuGH-Entscheidungen Wirtschaftsakademie und Fashion ID abzugleichen. So werden Defizite aufgezeigt und Vorschläge für eine Weiterentwicklung des Regulierungskonzepts der DSGVO auf Basis einer neuartigen datenschutzrechtlichen Plattformverantwortlichkeit gemacht.

Die Erbringung von Finanzdienstleistungen unterliegt sowohl finanzmarktspezifischem Regulierungsrecht als auch der Anwendung des Kartellrechts. Nach der herkömmlichen Konzeption der beiden Rechtsgebiete soll das Regulierungsrecht den Rahmen zur Verhinderung oder Beseitigung von strukturellem Marktversagen setzen, während das Kartellrecht als Antwort auf das Fehlverhalten individueller Marktteilnehmer dient. Dennoch beeinflussen die beiden Materien sich gegenseitig. Aus Überschneidungen im Anwendungsbereich im Einzelfall können Zielkonflikte resultieren. Gegenstand der Arbeit ist daher die Ermittlung und Bewertung dieser Interdependenzen zwischen Finanzmarktregulierung und Kartellrecht. Daran anschließend werden Vorschläge für eine klarere Aufgaben- und Kompetenzverteilung sowie verbesserte Kooperationsmechanismen zwischen Kartellbehörden und Gesetzgeber ermittelt und bewertet.

Das Recht der Informationssicherheit berührt Grundfragen rechtsstaatlicher Regulierung unter den Bedingungen von Digitalisierung und Globalisierung: Wie wirkt territorial radiziertes Recht in der globalen Konstellation? Wie generiert der Staat in einem hochdynamischen technischen Umfeld Regulierungswissen? In welchem Verhältnis stehen Staat und Private? Diese Fragen erfahren im Angesicht von Cyberbedrohungen eine besondere Zuspitzung, ist die Gewährleistung von Sicherheit doch Kernfunktion von Staatlichkeit und Indikator staatlicher Souveränität. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert Thomas Wischmeyer die Dimensionen der Aufgabe Informationssicherheit und entwickelt dogmatische Bausteine eines Informationssicherheitsrechts. Dabei lotet er aus, inwieweit die Bemühungen des Staates um die Cybersicherheit mit seinen Bestrebungen kollidieren, Sicherheitslücken für eigene Zwecke zu nutzen.

Im vermeintlich "postfaktischen" Zeitalter scheint die Wahrheit einen schweren Stand zu haben. Die Suche nach ihr ist oft wirkmächtigen Störungen ausgesetzt. Doch gleich ob gefahrstoffrechtlich die Kanzerogenität von Glyphosat, asylrechtlich die Glaubhaftigkeit einer Verfolgungsgeschichte oder im Äußerungs- und Medienrecht Desinformation zu beurteilen sind: Das Recht stellt Schutzmechanismen, die einer sachwidrigen Beeinflussung entgegenwirken sollen. Aus der rechtsdogmatischen Analyse dieser konkreten Rechtspraxis heraus sucht Björnstjern Baade juristische Antworten auf grundlegende philosophische Wahrheitsfragen. Letztlich ist nicht die Wahrheit in der Krise, sondern das Vertrauen in die Wahrheitsfindung. Um diese Krise zu überwinden, plädiert der Autor für ein kritisch informiertes, aber praktisch operationalisierbares Verständnis von Objektivität.

In der öffentlichen Diskussion erlebt derzeit ein Begriff eine Renaissance, der in Deutschland bisher gemieden wurde: "Rassismus?. Daher müssen sich Rechtswissenschaft und Gesellschaft dringend der Frage stellen, welche verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen des Rassismus es gibt und inwiefern diese von den juristischen Diskriminierungsverboten im deutschen, europäischen und internationalen Recht erfasst werden. Der Band versammelt führende Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler, um einer doppelten Leitfrage auf den Grund zu gehen: Umfassen die Diskriminierungsverbote neben vermeintlich angeborenen Unterschieden auch kulturalisierte Formen des Rassismus? Wie erhält sich das Verbot einer offenen, versteckten oder mittelbaren Diskriminierung zu den Erscheinungsformen eines strukturellen bzw. institutionellen Rassismus, der nicht auf intentionalen Handlungen beruht?

Moral uncertainty surrounding the use of armed drones has been a persistent problem for more than two decades. In response, Moralities of Drone Violence aims to provide greater clarity by exploring and ordering a variety of ways in which violent drone use can be judged as just or unjust in various circumstances. The book organises moral ideas around a series of concepts of ‘drone violence’: warfare, violent law enforcement, tele-intimate violence, and violence devolved from humans to artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In contrast to the way armed drones tend to be debated narrowly in terms of war and law, this broad-based approach to normative inquiry affords more scope to discern and address the potential for these weapon systems to support moral progress or to generate injustice.

humanitarianism, armed conflict, artificial intelligence, posthuman legal scholarship, posthuman ecology monochrome wooden sculptures, remote cultures, formalist aesthetics, contextualist aesthetics, vertical bilateral symmetry, split representation, aesthetic status

child trafficking; human trafficking; trafficking; anti-trafficking policies; EU-ASEAN; ASEAN; Human Rights; governance

Transitional Justice, Aparadigmatic Contexts, Transition

Providing perspectives from a range of experts, including international lawyers, political scientists, and practitioners, this book assesses current theory and practice of economic sanctions, discussing current legal and political challenges faced by the international community. It examines both the implementation of sanctions by major powers – the United States, the European Union, and Japan – as well as assessing the impact of those sanctions through case studies of Russia, Iran, Syria, and North Korea. Balancing theoretical analysis of legal considerations with national and regional level empirical analysis, it also includes coverage of sanctions issues by the UN Security Council and the EU, as well as the extraterritorial application of sanctions. A valuable reference for academics and practitioners, Economic Sanctions in International Law and Practice will be useful to those working in the fields of international law, diplomacy, and international political economy.