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This study presents the synthesis and characterization of novel sulfamethoxazole organotin complexes and evaluates their potential for hydrogen storage applications. The synthesized complexes were characterized using various techniques, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to determine their constructional and physicochemical properties. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was applied to analyze the surface morphology, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method was utilized to measure the surface area. High-pressure adsorption experiments demonstrated the remarkable hydrogen storage capabilities of these complexes, with the highest hydrogen uptake of 29.1 cm3/g observed at 323 K. The results suggest that the prepared sulfamethoxazole organotin complexes have the potential to be candidates for gas separation and storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new ligand N-methyl-N-((((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)thio) carbonothioyl) aniline (LS2) was prepared by the reaction of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium salts with a (sodium N-methyl- N-phenyldithiocarbamate), a new ligand containing azosulphur linkage. A series of metal ions Sn(II), Sn(IV), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) were used to prepare metal complexes through reaction of two moles of LS2 ligand with one mole of appropriate metal chloride. The prepared compounds were characterized by CHNS elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ¹H NMR-spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, UVvisible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. Stoichiometry was determined using analytical and spectroscopic information and it was found to be 1:2 (metal to a ligand) for all complexes. The spectral data confirm the coordination of the LS2 ligand with all metal ions through sulfur atoms of dithiocarbamate moiety. Molar conductivity of complexes was measured using DMF as a solvent and it was indicated that all prepared complexes were ionic. According to the results obtained from the elemental analysis and spectral measurements were complexes of Sn(II), Sn(IV) and Co(II) tetrahedral geometry, while the complexes with Ni(II) and Cu(II) had a square planar geometry. The ligand LS2 and its complexes were examined against Staphylococcus aurous bacteria and Escherichia coli bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From solutions of prehnitene and the ternary halides (SnCl)[MCl4] (M = Al, Ga) in chlorobenzene, the new cationic SnII–π-arene complexes catena-poly[[chloridoaluminate(III)]-tri-μ-chlorido-4′:1κ2Cl,1:2κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ4Cl-[chloridoaluminate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1′κ2Cl], [Al2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2]n, (1) and catena-poly[[chloridogallate(III)]-tri-μ-chlorido-4′:1κ2Cl,1:2κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ4Cl-[chloridogallate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1′κ2Cl], [Ga2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2]n, (2), were isolated. In these first main-group metal–prehnitene complexes, the distorted η6 arene π-bonding to the tin atoms of the Sn2Cl22+ moieties in the centre of [{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2][MCl4]2 repeating units (site symmetry \overline{1}) is characterized by: (i) a significant ring slippage of ca 0.4 Å indicated by the dispersion of Sn—C distances [1: 2.881 (2)–3.216 (2) Å; 2: 2.891 (3)–3.214 (3) Å]; (ii) the non-methyl-substituted arene C atoms positioned closest to the SnII central atom; (iii) a pronounced tilt of the plane of the arene ligand against the plane of the central (Sn2Cl2)2+ four-membered ring species [1: 15.59 (11)°, 2: 15.69 (9)°]; (iv) metal–arene bonding of medium strength as illustrated by application of the bond-valence method in an indirect manner, defining the π-arene bonding interaction of the SnII central atoms as s(SnII—arene) = 2 − Σs(SnII—Cl), that gives s(SnII—arene) = 0.37 and 0.38 valence units for the aluminate and the gallate, respectively, indicating that comparatively strong main-group metal–arene bonding is present and in line with the expectation that [AlCl4]− is the slightly weaker coordinating anion as compared to [GaCl4]−.

From solutions of prehnitene and the ternary halides (SnCl)[MCl4] (M = Al, Ga) in chloro­benzene, the new cationic SnII–π-arene complexes catena-poly[[chlorido­aluminate(III)]-tri-μ-chlorido-4′:1κ²Cl,1:2κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetra­meth­yl­benzene)­tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetra­methyl­benzene)­tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ4Cl-[chlorido­aluminate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1′κ²Cl], [Al2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2]n, (1) and catena-poly[[chlorido­gallate(III)]-tri-μ-chlor­ido-4′:1κ²Cl,1:2κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetra­methyl­benzene)­tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetra­methyl­benzene)­tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ4Cl-[chlor­ido­gallate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1′κ²Cl], [Ga2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2]n, (2), were isolated. In these first main-group metal–prehnitene complexes, the distorted η6 arene π-bonding to the tin atoms of the Sn2Cl22+ moieties in the centre of [{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2][MCl4]2 repeating units (site symmetry ) is characterized by: (i) a significant ring slippage of ca 0.4 Å indicated by the dispersion of Sn—C distances [1: 2.881 (2)–3.216 (2) Å; 2: 2.891 (3)–3.214 (3) Å]; (ii) the non-methyl-substituted arene C atoms positioned closest to the SnII central atom; (iii) a pronounced tilt of the plane of the arene ligand against the plane of the central (Sn2Cl2)2+ four-membered ring species [1: 15.59 (11)°, 2: 15.69 (9)°]; (iv) metal–arene bonding of medium strength as illustrated by application of the bond-valence method in an indirect manner, defining the π-arene bonding inter­action of the SnII central atoms as s(SnII—arene) = 2 − Σs(SnII—Cl), that gives s(SnII—arene) = 0.37 and 0.38 valence units for the aluminate and the gallate, respectively, indicating that comparatively strong main-group metal–arene bonding is present and in line with the expectation that [AlCl4]− is the slightly weaker coordinating anion as compared to [GaCl4]−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of organotin compounds bearing hemicarbonate and carbonate ligands were recently reviewed by us—“CO2 Derivatives of Molecular Tin Compounds. Part 1: Hemicarbonato and Carbonato Complexes”, Inorganics 2020, 8, 31—based on crystallographic data available from the Cambridge Structural Database. Interestingly, this first collection revealed that most of the compounds listed were isolated in the context of studies devoted to the reactivity of tin precursors towards carbon dioxide, at atmospheric pressure or under pressure, thus highlighting the suitable disposition of Sn to fix CO2. In the frame of a second part, the present review carries on to explore CO2 derivatives of molecular tin compounds by describing successively the complexes with carbamato, formato, and phosphinoformato ligands, and obtained from insertion reactions of carbon dioxide into Sn–X bonds (X = N, H, P, respectively). The last chapter is devoted to X-ray structures of transition metal/tin CO2 complexes exhibiting metallocarboxylato ligands. As in Part 1, for each tin compound reported and when described in the original study, the structural descriptions are supplemented by synthetic conditions and spectroscopic data.

This review focuses on organotin compounds bearing hemicarbonate and carbonate ligands, and whose molecular structures have been previously resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Most of them were isolated within the framework of studies devoted to the reactivity of tin precursors with carbon dioxide at atmospheric or elevated pressure. Alternatively, and essentially for the preparation of some carbonato derivatives, inorganic carbonate salts such as K2CO3, Cs2CO3, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 were also used as coreagents. In terms of the number of X-ray structures, carbonate compounds are the most widely represented (to date, there are 23 depositions in the Cambridge Structural Database), while hemicarbonate derivatives are rarer; only three have so far been characterized in the solid-state, and exclusively for diorganotin complexes. For each compound, the synthesis conditions are first specified. Structural aspects involving, in particular, the modes of coordination of the hemicarbonato and carbonato moieties and the coordination geometry around tin are then described and illustrated (for most cases) by showing molecular representations. Moreover, when they were available in the original reports, some characteristic spectroscopic data are also given for comparison (in table form). Carbonato complexes are arbitrarily listed according to their decreasing number of hydrocarbon substituents linked to tin atoms, namely tri-, di-, and mono-organotins. Four additional examples, involving three CO2 derivatives of C,N-chelated stannoxanes and one of a trinuclear nickel cluster Sn-capped, are also included in the last part of the chapter.

The second-generation xanthate ligand 4-PyCH 2 OCS 2 Na, consisting of a backbone functionalized O -alkyldithiocarbonate donor set, has been prepared. The reaction of this ligand with either Ph 3 SnCl or (Ph 3 P) 2 CuNO 3 yields the neutral monometallic complexes [4-PyCH 2 OCS 2 SnPh 3 ] and [4-PyCH 2 OCS 2 Cu(PPh 3 ) 2 ], respectively. These compounds were characterized by 1 H NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, and in solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of [4-PyCH 2 OCS 2 SnPh 3 ] consists of a mono-dimensional coordination polymer, formed by the monodentate coordination of the O CS 2 − group to the Sn(IV) center, in combination with the coordination of the pyridine group to an adjacent tin atom. In the case of [4-PyCH 2 OCS 2 Cu(PPh 3 ) 2 ], the xanthate ligand coordinates to the Cu(I) center in an isobidentate fashion, leaving the pyridine moiety free. These monometallic complexes act as metalloligands toward the [Rh 2 (OAc) 4 ] dimer, producing the tetrametallic derivatives [Rh 2 (OAc) 4 ]·2[4-PyCH 2 OCS 2 SnPh 3 ] and [Rh 2 (OAc) 4 ]·2[4-PyCH 2 OCS 2 Cu(PPh 3 ) 2 ], respectively. These compounds were investigated in solution phase using 1 H NMR and UV–Vis techniques, and it is proposed that the formation of the first compound proceeds via a two-step process, while the formation of the latter is a one-step process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical study of semi-empirical calculation of PM3 level was used to characterize three Tin complexes (R2SnL2) [where (R): (Phenyl), (butyl) and (methyl) and L: (N-tolyl -mmethoxybenzo hydroxamic acid) ]. The comparison of the three complexes that have different (R) had been done on the basis of calculated energies and physical properties of the molecular model systems, such as heat of formation, HOMO-LUMO gap, binding energy, dipole moment, surface area. This present study revealed a clear picture and useful information about the nature of complex stability of the three Tin complexes R2SnL2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a series of five model complexes composed of a singlet SnX2 molecule (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I) and a benzene molecule, the first-principles calculations of their energetics and the analysis of their electron density topology have been performed. The CCSD(T)/CBS interaction energy between SnX2 and C6H6 fall into the range between −10.0 and −11.2 kcal/mol, which indicates that the complexes are rather weakly bound. The relevant role of electrostatic and dispersion contributions to the interaction energy between SnX2 and C6H6 is highlighted in the results obtained from the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). The electron density topological analysis has been carried out using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and the noncovalent interactions (NCI) visualization index. Both QTAIM and NCI prove the closed-shell, noncovalent and attractive character of the interaction. A very small charge transfer from C6H6 to SnX2 has been detected. The formation of the five complexes is accompanied by the electron density deformations that are spatially restricted mostly to the region around the Sn atom and its adjacent C atom. The results presented in this work shed some light on the nature of the interactions associated with crystalline structural motifs involving low-valent tin complexed with neutral aryl rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New 1,9-diacyl-5-(phenothiazinyl)dipyrromethane (aphdpm) obtained by diacylation of 5-phenothiazinyl-dipyrromethane were subjected to complexation reactions with dimethyl- and di-n-butyltin(IV) dichloride which afforded complexes of the type [Me2Sn(aphdpm)] and [(n-Bu)2Sn(aphdpm)] respectively [where aphdpm: 1,9-diformyl-5-(phenothiazinyl)dipyrromethane and 1,9-dibenzoyl-5-(phenothiazinyl) dipyrromethane]. Plausible structures of the new tin(IV) complexes were proposed based on spectroscopic FT-IR, 1H-,13C-,119Sn-NMR and mass spectrometry studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of organotin compounds bearing hemicarbonate and carbonate ligands were recently reviewed by us—"CO2 Derivatives of Molecular Tin Compounds. Part 1: Hemicarbonato and Carbonato Complexes", Inorganics2020, 8, 31—based on crystallographic data available from the Cambridge Structural Database. Interestingly, this first collection revealed that most of the compounds listed were isolated in the context of studies devoted to the reactivity of tin precursors towards carbon dioxide, at atmospheric pressure or under pressure, thus highlighting the suitable disposition of Sn to fix CO2. In the frame of a second part, the present review carries on to explore CO2 derivatives of molecular tin compounds by describing successively the complexes with carbamato, formato, and phosphinoformato ligands, and obtained from insertion reactions of carbon dioxide into Sn–X bonds (X = N, H, P, respectively). The last chapter is devoted to X-ray structures of transition metal/tin CO2 complexes exhibiting metallocarboxylato ligands. As in Part 1, for each tin compound reported and when described in the original study, the structural descriptions are supplemented by synthetic conditions and spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review focuses on organotin compounds bearing hemicarbonate and carbonate ligands, and whose molecular structures have been previously resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Most of them were isolated within the framework of studies devoted to the reactivity of tin precursors with carbon dioxide at atmospheric or elevated pressure. Alternatively, and essentially for the preparation of some carbonato derivatives, inorganic carbonate salts such as K2CO3, Cs2CO3, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 were also used as coreagents. In terms of the number of X-ray structures, carbonate compounds are the most widely represented (to date, there are 23 depositions in the Cambridge Structural Database), while hemicarbonate derivatives are rarer; only three have so far been characterized in the solid-state, and exclusively for diorganotin complexes. For each compound, the synthesis conditions are first specified. Structural aspects involving, in particular, the modes of coordination of the hemicarbonato and carbonato moieties and the coordination geometry around tin are then described and illustrated (for most cases) by showing molecular representations. Moreover, when they were available in the original reports, some characteristic spectroscopic data are also given for comparison (in table form). Carbonato complexes are arbitrarily listed according to their decreasing number of hydrocarbon substituents linked to tin atoms, namely tri-, di-, and mono-organotins. Four additional examples, involving three CO2 derivatives of C,N-chelated stannoxanes and one of a trinuclear nickel cluster Sn-capped, are also included in the last part of the chapter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From solutions of prehnitene and the ternary halides (SnCl)[ M Cl 4 ] ( M = Al, Ga) in chloro-benzene, the new cationic Sn II -π-arene complexes catena -poly[[chlorido-aluminate(III)]-tri-μ-chlorido-4':1κ 2 Cl ,1:2κ 4 Cl -[(η 6 -1,2,3,4-tetra-meth-yl-benzene)-tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ 4 Cl -[(η 6 -1,2,3,4-tetra-methyl-benzene)-tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ 4 Cl -[chlorido-aluminate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1'κ 2 Cl ], [Al 2 Sn 2 Cl 10 (C 10 H 14 ) 2 ] n , ( 1 ) and catena -poly[[chlorido-gallate(III)]-tri-μ-chlor-ido-4':1κ 2 Cl ,1:2κ 4 Cl -[(η 6 -1,2,3,4-tetra-methyl-benzene)-tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ 4 Cl -[(η 6 -1,2,3,4-tetra-methyl-benzene)-tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ 4 Cl -[chlor-ido-gallate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1'κ 2 Cl ], [Ga 2 Sn 2 Cl 10 (C 10 H 14 ) 2 ] n , ( 2 ), were isolated. In these first main-group metal-prehnitene complexes, the distorted η 6 arene π-bonding to the tin atoms of the Sn 2 Cl 2 2+ moieties in the centre of [{1,2,3,4-(CH 3 ) 4 C 6 H 2 } 2 Sn 2 Cl 2 ][ M Cl 4 ] 2 repeating units (site symmetry ) is characterized by: (i) a significant ring slippage of ca 0.4 Å indicated by the dispersion of Sn-C distances [ 1 : 2.881 (2)-3.216 (2) Å; 2 : 2.891 (3)-3.214 (3) Å]; (ii) the non-methyl-substituted arene C atoms positioned closest to the Sn II central atom; (iii) a pronounced tilt of the plane of the arene ligand against the plane of the central (Sn 2 Cl 2 ) 2+ four-membered ring species [ 1 : 15.59 (11)°, 2 : 15.69 (9)°]; (iv) metal-arene bonding of medium strength as illustrated by application of the bond-valence method in an indirect manner, defining the π-arene bonding inter-action of the Sn II central atoms as s (Sn II -arene) = 2 - Σ s (Sn II -Cl), that gives s (Sn II -arene) = 0.37 and 0.38 valence units for the aluminate and the gallate, respectively, indicating that comparatively strong main-group metal-arene bonding is present and in line with the expectation that [AlCl 4 ] - is the slightly weaker coordinating anion as compared to [GaCl 4 ] - .