1. Role of HIF in fish inflammation.
- Author
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Shi, Xiaowei, Gao, Feng, Zhao, Xianliang, Pei, Chao, Zhu, Lei, Zhang, Jie, Li, Chen, Li, Li, and Kong, Xianghui
- Subjects
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IMMUNOREGULATION , *FISH diseases , *INFLAMMATION , *LIGANDS (Biochemistry) - Abstract
The hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF) is a central transcription factor in cellular oxygen sensing and regulation. It is common that the inflammation always appears in many diseases, like infectious diseases in fishes, and the inflammation is often accompanied by hypoxia, as a hallmark of inflammation. Besides coordinating cellular responses to low oxygen, HIF-mediated hypoxia signaling pathway is also crucial for immune responses such as the regulations of innate immune cell phenotype and function, as well as metabolic reprogramming under the inflammation. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which HIFs regulate the inflammatory response in fish is still very limited. Here, we review the characteristics of HIF as well as its roles in innate immune cells and the infections caused by bacteria and viruses. The regulatory effects of HIF on the metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells are also discussed and the future research directions are outlooked. This paper will serve as a reference for elucidating the molecular mechanism of HIF regulating inflammation and identifying treatment strategies to target HIF for fish disease. • Fish HIFs are conserved in structure and function similar to mammals. • Fish and mammals share the same oxygen sensing and regulatory mechanisms. • HIF activates MO/MФ and neutrophils by metabolic reprogramming and helps resolve inflammation. • HIF plays a key regulatory role in inflammation caused by the synergy of pathogens and hypoxia. • HIF is the key regulator of metabolic reprogramming in innate immune cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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