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The implementation of lockdown measures as a response to the spread of COVID-19 has increased the vulnerability of households to several human security issues. Using a desktop systematic review approach, the paper attempts an explanation of violence and unrest from the theoretical lens of the frustration-aggression theory. It discusses violence as a form of agency in South Africa and contextualises contemporary experiences in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic and the July 2021 protest, as well as the implication of such violence for the South African socio-political and economic sphere going forward. The paper argues that while South African history is bedevilled by violence, the vulnerability of the people due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic provided a breeding ground for frustration and the eventual violent unrest in many parts of South Africa. Therefore, the extensive looting of malls, warehouses, and distributors that greeted the July 2021 protest was only a product of South Africa's historical inequality and worsening state of affairs. The paper concludes that the unrest was mainly triggered by structural and historical socio-economic configurations rooted in extreme poverty and wide economic inequality. That becomes apparent in unemployment, deprivations, physical hardships, a failing or collapsing state, and state institutions and services underlined by neo-patrimonial practices and political failures, thereby leading to violence as a response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought myriad challenges to South African public schools based in rural areas. The recurring concern is that those challenges might negatively impact the performance and progress of learners in rural areas. This should be understood within the context that most schools in rural areas are characterised by a lack of resources, such as modern technological resources. This paper aimed to find ways to enhance teaching practices during and after the COVID-19 crisis in a rural context. The objectives of the paper were to discover the impact of COVID-19 on learning and teaching practices and recommend ways to enhance such practices during and after the pandemic. Weiner's Attribution Theory of motivation and emotion was used to identify and address the underlying factors that may contribute to a learner's academic success and how they act or behave in certain ways towards the teaching practices. Methodologically, the study adopted a qualitative approach, and the purposive sampling technique was employed to draw data from participants through interviews and observations. The collected data was analyzed through thematic content analysis. The study found that psychosocial factors such as lack of positive mindset towards the curriculum, lack of motivation, family challenges, environmental challenges, and anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and phobias caused by covid 19 pandemic, affect the cognition of learners and hinder the learning process. Therefore, it is recommended that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) consider implementing some psychological assessment programmes as a way to prepare learners and teachers for learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had devastating effects globally. No one was spared including the homeless people who had no permanent housing or shelter but had to observe various restriction interventions introduced by the government to curb the spread of the virus. Methodologically, this paper used literature review research approach by sourcing relevant scholarly works in the subject area; reviewed and applied them to showcase and address the plight of the homeless people during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. The overall objective was to establish whether the homeless were offered adequate assistance or not, considering that the pandemic outbreak exacerbated their vulnerability. The paper found that it is the responsibility of the government, especially the local government, to provide protection for this group but did not meet expectations. Hence, the homeless were negatively affected by the virus due to insufficient care. The paper also found that various local governments in South Africa deployed and utilised anti-homeless by-laws to criminalise homelessness and even deprived some of the homeless the right to shelter by either evicting them where they sought refuge or on the land where they built shacks. The paper found that the court was the last hope of this vulnerable group that used judicial pronouncements to protect them from being left destitute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak on the tourism sector has caused significant disruption to the global economy. The number of international tourist arrivals deteriorated by 80% between March and December 2020. The tourism industry is the main focal source of employment, foreign exchange earnings and government revenue for many developed and developing countries. The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted tourism entrepreneurship causing a plunge in tourism income and global gross domestic product (GDP). South Africa was one of the most infected countries in the world. This caused countries such as Japan, United Kingdom, European Union, the United States of America, France, Germany, Canada and Netherlands to halt flights to South Africa. This paper aimed to discuss the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on tourism entrepreneurs globally. This was imperative to assess as tourism is one of the major industries that has been severely impacted by the Covid-19 crisis and government regulations, and the tourism sector accounts for 80% of the global economy. A secondary data method was used to analyse the effect of the Covid-19 crisis on the tourism industry. This limited the researcher due to the unavailability of essential data for further statistical analysis. The main findings of the study suggested that the Covid-19 pandemic instigated a significant decline in the global GDP, transportation industry and hospitality industry. These findings will further assist when facing challenges in the tourism sector and providing strategies for future recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has spawned human rights challenges. This article recounted the experiences of the victims through anecdotal evidence and analysed them in the human rights context. The paper found that the victims of the disease are ostracised by their families and communities. The article also discussed the remedies available to the victims both by way of fundamental right enforcement and under general civil claims. The paper concluded that the exclusion of the victims from the benefits enjoyed by other members of the community on account of their health status amounts to discrimination which is prohibited under human rights precepts. Such conducts instil fear and anxiety and could deter the victims from voluntarily disclosing their health status, which would invariably aggravate the spread of the disease in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the socioeconomic and health security ramifications of the COVID-19 sickness since the beginning of the year 2020, the discovery of vaccinations has been a huge breakthrough. The international community and national governments' common commitment to preserve citizens' right to the greatest attainable health standards have fuelled the urgent need for vaccine development. Even though any COVID-19 vaccination should be seen as a global public good, the African continent has lagged in the dissemination of COVID-19 vaccines. The human rights implications of the COVID-19 vaccination roll-out on the African continent are examined in this research, which is based on secondary data sources and focuses on Zimbabwe and South Africa, two neighbouring Southern African countries. The research demonstrates that the African continent is confronted with a slew of concerns, including vaccine accessibility, price, and transparency. The paper also reveals a conflict that has arisen between governments' recommendations that everyone is vaccinated to protect all members of society and the freedom of some members of society to interpret the vaccine through the lens of their religious and cultural beliefs, including their freedom to express their beliefs and choose whether or not to be vaccinated. This circumstance is providing and will continue to pose a significant challenge for African governments in their efforts to implement mass immunization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]