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The growth and metastasis of malignant solid tumors depend closely on new blood vessels. Vasculogenic mimicry provides a special pathway of blood supply during the early growth of malignant tumors, and real-time monitoring of its occurrence and development in vivo is important to clinical applications. However, there are few labels with sufficient brightness and stability in vivo to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of deep tissue for noninvasive optical detection of vasculogenic mimicry in tumor tissues. In this study, we constructed a high-brightness fluorescent label with fluorescence in the near-infrared-II region, which can be used not only for in vivo tumor imaging but also for tissue section imaging. Real-time high-resolution imaging of tumor vessels has been achieved with PbS quantum dots (QDs) surface-coupled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (HRP-QDs) by taking advantage of the low background autofluorescence of tissue at the near-infrared-II wavelength for in vivo and tissue section imaging. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of early blood supply patterns of tumor growth enables monitoring neovascularization to accurate noninvasive identification of benign and malignant solid tumors.

A deep understanding of the mechanism for the spin-magnetic effect on O-H cleavage is crucial for the development of new catalysts for water oxidation. Herein, we designed and synthesized the crystalline Fe-DABDT and Co-DABDT (DABDT = 2,5-diaminobenzene-1,4-dithiol) and optimized an effective magnetic moment to explore the role of the spin-magnetic effect in the regulation of water oxidation activity. It can be found that the OER activity of the catalyst is positively correlated with its effective magnetic moment. Under the external magnetic field, Fe-DABDT with more spin single electrons has a stronger spin-magnetic response to water oxidation than Fe/Co-DABDT and Co-DABDT. The increase in OER current of Fe-DABDT is nearly 2 times higher than that of Co-DABDT. Experimental and density functional theory studies show that magnetized Fe sites could realize nucleophilic reaction, accelerate the polarization of electron spin states, and promote the polar decomposition of O-H and the formation of the O-O bond. This study provides mechanistic insight into the spin-magnetic effect of oxygen evolution reaction and further understanding of the spin origin of catalytic activity, which is expected to improve the energy efficiency of hydrogen production.

Rechargeable aqueous Zn metal batteries have become promising candidates for large-scale electrochemical energy storage owing to their high safety and affordable low cost. However, Zn metal anode suffers from dendritic growth and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), deteriorating the electrochemical performance. Here, we demonstrate that these challenges can be conquered by introducing a halogen ion into the Zn 2+ solvation structure. By designing an electrolyte composed of zinc acetate and ammonium halide, the electron-donating anion I - can coordinate with Zn 2+ and transform the traditional Zn(H 2 O) 6 2+ to ZnI(H 2 O) 5 + , in which I - could transfer electrons into H 2 O and thus suppress HER. The dynamic electrostatic shielding layer formed by concomitant NH 4 + can restrict the dendritic growth. As a result, the halogenated electrolyte achieves a high initial coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.3% in the Zn plating/stripping process and remains at an average of ∼99.8% with uniform Zn deposition. Moreover, Zn-I batteries are constructed by using dissociative I - as the cathode and carbon felt-polyaniline as the conductive and adsorptive layer, exhibiting an average CE of 98.6% without capacity decay after 300 cycles. This work provides insights into the halogenated Zn 2+ solvation structure and offers a general electrolyte design strategy for achieving a highly reversible Zn metal anode and batteries.

Aqueous-phase oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck of water splitting. The formation of the O-O bond involves the generation of paramagnetic oxygen molecules from the diamagnetic hydroxides. The spin configurations might play an important role in aqueous-phase molecular electrocatalysis. However, spintronic electrocatalysis is almost an uncultivated land for the exploration of the oxygen molecular catalysis process. Herein, we present a novel magnetic Fe III site spin-splitting strategy, wherein the electronic structure and spin states of the Fe III sites are effectively induced and optimized by the Jahn-Teller effect of Cu 2+ . The theoretical calculations and operando attenuated total reflectance-infrared Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) reveal the facilitation for the O-O bond formation, which accelerates the production of O 2 from OH - and improves the OER activity. The Cu 1 -Ni 6 Fe 2 -LDH catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm -2 and a low Tafel slope (33.7 mV dec -1 ), better than those of the initial Cu 0 -Ni 6 Fe 2 -LDHs (278 mV, 101.6 mV dec -1 ). With the Cu 2+ regulation, we have realized the transformation of NiFe-LDHs from ferrimagnets to ferromagnets and showcase that the OER performance of Cu-NiFe-LDHs significantly increases compared with that of NiFe-LDHs under the effect of a magnetic field for the first time. The magnetic-field-assisted Cu 1 -Ni 6 Fe 2 -LDHs provide an ultralow overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm -2 , which is currently one of the best OER performances. The combination of the magnetic field and spin configuration provides new principles for the development of high-performance catalysts and understandings of the catalytic mechanism from the spintronic level.