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[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the grain production pattern and influencing factors in the major production areas, provided a certain basis for stabilizing the overall situation of national food security and formulating differentiated grain policies. [Method] By means of concentration degree, gini coefficient, logarithmic mean divisia index and cultivated land pressure index, quantitatively analyzed the factors influencing the increase of grain production in major grain producing areas from 2000 to 2020, such as the change of grain production center, variety structure, contribution to increase production, resource bearing capacity and production cost. [ Result] ( i) From the change of grain production center, more than 95 % of the grain increment came from the major grain producing areas, and the major producing areas in the north contributed more to the increase, especially Shandong, Henan and Heilongjiang, which occupied the top three areas of grain output and sown area for a long time. (ii) In terms of the production centers of different food crops, the production centers of wheat, com and beans were stable in the major grain producing areas in the north for a long time, while the production centers of rice and potato were mainly concentrated in the major grain producing areas in the south, but the production centers of rice gradually showed a trend of northward deviation. (iii) From the perspective of contributing factors, the grain increase in the major grain producing areas mainly depended on the increase of yield per unit area, and the contribution rate of yield per unit area to grain increase reached 61. 16%. The grain increase in the major grain producing areas in the north was due to the combined effect of cultivated land area, multiple cropping index, grain crop proportion and yield per unit area. Due to the decrease of cultivated land area in the major grain producing areas in the south had a negative effect on grain increase, the grain yield increase was more dependent on unit yield increase and multiple cropping index. (iv) From the perspective of resource carrying capacity of grain production, the dilemma of uneven distribution of water and soil resources has not been improved for a long time. The constraints of water resources in the major grain producing areas in the north were increasingly strengthened, while the pressure of cultivated land resources in the major grain producing areas in the south was continuously high. ( v) From the change and structure of grain production cost, the average grain production cost in the major grain producing areas was rising continuously. The land cost in the major grain producing areas in the north was higher, and the labor cost in the major grain producing areas in the south was higher. The grain production cost in the major grain producing areas in the north was higher than the whole country and the major grain producing areas in the south for a long time, and the rising rate was slightly faster than that in the major grain producing areas in the south. [Conclusion] Establishing the food security responsibility mechanism shared by the producing and marketing areas, constructing the differentiated compensation mechanism; Strictly observing the grain sown area, adjusting the structure of regional grain varieties; Consolidating scientific and technological support for grain increase, promoting coordinated development of water and soil resources and grain production; Taking multiple measures to improve grain production efficiency, and enhancing the enthusiasm of various subjects to grow grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to scientifically quantify the development level of digital countryside, effectively promote the comprehensive and organic integration of modern information technology and rural areas, and help rural revitalization.【Method】Based on the latest research results and practical research, and the panel data of 18 prefectures and cities in Henan Province during 2014-2021, 20 indicators were selected from four dimensions: rural digital information basis, new business forms of rural digital economy, agricultural digital transformation, and digitalized rural life, to construct an evaluation index system for the development level of digital countryside. Methods such as entropy weight method, TOPSIS method, Kernel density estimation, Theil index and Moran’s I were comprehensively used to measure the development level of digital countryside in Henan province, and analyze its regional differences and spatial-temporal evolution.【Result】(i) From the perspective of development level, during the investigation period, the development level of digital countryside in Henan province showed an increasing trend year by year. Although the overall development level was not high, the sustainable development momentum was strong.(ii) From the perspective of regional differences, the overall difference of the development level of Henan digital countryside showed a trend of steady decline. Among them, the regional differences contributed the most to the overall differences, and the differences between Central Plains urban agglomeration and Huang-Huai region were the most obvious. The intra-regional differences showed a decreasing trend of Central Plains urban agglomeration, western Henan southwestern Henan, northern Henan and Huang-Huai region.(iii)From the perspective of spatial-temporal evolution, there was an obvious and stable positive correlation among the four economic zones. The Central Plains urban agglomeration was mostly high agglomeration, while the Huang-Huai area was basically low agglomeration. 【Conclusion】The development of digital countryside in Henan province should be combined with provincial conditions and regional characteristics to lay out comprehensively, promote overally, develop stably, bridge the gap, and improve rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to obstain Bacillus mucilaginosus from the rhizosphere soil of Luoyang tobacco plant and improve the content of available free potassium of plants in soil. 【Method】B. mucilaginosus in soil was identified by plate dilution coating, gram staining, physiological and biochemical detection and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis, and the potassium solubility of the strain was compared with that of the standard strain by sodium tetraphenylborate precipitation method. 【Result】Nine single colonies, which were round, white and transparent, with neat edges and smooth protruding, were isolated from the root soil samples of tobacco fields at different growth stages in three counties of Henan province. Which the physiological and biochemical characters of strain 005, 008 and standard strains, were facultative anaerobic bacteria, and hydrogen peroxide enzyme reaction, also can make the starch hydrolysis, sugar alcohol fermentation, nitrate reduction, in the determination of V-P with M. R results have shown positive, in litmus milk test reaction can produce acid reaction, cannot make gelatin liquefaction, which can use citrate. The 16 S rDNA sequences of strain 005（MN227334） and strain 008（MN227337） were 99% homologous to GenBank（EU048557）. It was identified as B. mucilaginosus. The results showed that the precipitation weight of strain 005, 008 and standard strain 23575 was 0. 140, 0. 136 and 0. 166 g, respectively, with a significant difference of 0. 05, which were all 0. 040 g higher than that of the blank group. 【Conclusion】In the rhizosphere soil of Luoyang tobacco plant, there are round, white and transparent facultative anaerobic bacillus coleformis, which can hydrolyze starch, ferment sugar alcohol, reduce nitrate, and have strong ability to release potassium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to realize the genetic resources and genetic relationship of Henan Big-tail sheep, Small-tail Han sheep and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep.【Method】The genetic diversity of mitochondrion（ mt DNA） D-loop and genetic differentiation of Henan sheep breeds were analyzed in the present study.【Result】50 haplotypes were identified in total,23 in Small-tail Han sheep,25 in Yuxi Fattail sheep, and three in Henan Big-tail sheep. The haplotype diversity were 0. 975,0. 936 and 0. 667,the nucleotide diversity were 0. 0230,0. 0129 and 0. 0270 in Small-tail Han sheep, Yuxi Fat-tail sheep and Henan Big-tail sheep, showing abundant genetic diversity of D-loop sequence in Small-tail Han and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep. The phylogenetic tree gathered these three sheep breeds into three lineages（ A-C）,the three breeds exsisted in all three lineages. The genetic distance of Small-tail Han sheep and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep was the farest（ 0. 0303）. The genetic distance of Henan Big-tail sheep and Small-tail sheep was the nearest（ 0. 0260）. The neutrality test demonstrated that Small-tail Han sheep and Yuxi Fat-tail sheep maintained equilibrium（ P >0. 1）,while Henan Big-tail sheep undergone bottleneck effect（ P <0. 05） in recent decades. The network result showed three maternal origins of Henan sheep breeds. 【Conclusion 】Three Henan sheep breeds showed high genetic diversity. The genetic distances reach the standard of subspecies difference. Small-tail sheep was farthest to Yuxi Fat-tail sheep and nearest to Henan Big-tail sheep. Henan sheep breeds have three maternal origins. The study will provide theoretical basis for the study of genetic relationship and population history, and the protection of genetic resources for Henan sheep breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]