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High-fidelity computer simulations of childbirth remain prohibitively expensive and time consuming, making them impractical for guiding decision-making during obstetric emergencies. Cheap computer simulations that preserve the accuracy of high-fidelity models can be developed using surrogate modeling. Two common approaches to surrogate modeling are physics-based reduced order modeling (ROM) and machine learning (ML), with the latter gaining popularity as the scientific computing community seeks to leverage advances from other, mostly non-physics-based, computational strategies. Although ROM and ML have been compared for various problems, to our knowledge, such a comparison for simulations of vaginal deformations is currently missing. This study provides a baseline numerical comparison between methods from these two fundamentally different approaches. Since there are many methods falling into each modeling approach, to provide a fair and natural comparison, we select a basic model from each category, with each allowing (i) a straightforward implementation in commercial software packages, and (ii) use by practitioners with limited experience in the field. As a benchmark for the numerical comparison of the ROM and ML approaches, we use the finite element (FE) modeling of the ex vivo deformations of rat vaginal tissue subjected to inflation testing to study the effect of a pre-imposed tear. From the ROM strategies, we consider a simplified Galerkin ROM (G-ROM) that is based on the linearization of the underlying nonlinear equations. From the ML strategies, we select a feed-forward neural network to create mappings from constitutive model parameters and luminal pressure values to either the FE displacement history (in which case we denote the resulting model ML) or the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) coefficients of the displacement history (in which case we denote the resulting model POD-ML). The numerical investigation of G-ROM, ML, and POD-ML takes place in the reconstructive regime. The numerical results show that the G-ROM outperforms the ML model in terms of offline central processing unit (CPU) time for model training, online CPU time required to generate approximations, and relative error with respect to the FE models. The G-ROM achieves superior error performance to the best ML model with 11 POD basis functions. With higher-dimensional POD bases, the G-ROM achieves a relative error 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the best ML model with an online CPU time still on the same order of magnitude as the best ML model. The POD-ML model improves on the speed performance of the ML, having online CPU times comparable to those of the G-ROM given the same size of POD bases. However, the POD-ML model does not improve on the error performance of the ML and is still outperformed by the G-ROM for POD bases of size greater than 11. This baseline numerical investigation serves as a starting point for future computer simulations that consider state-of-the-art G-ROM and ML strategies, and the in vivo geometry, boundary conditions, and material properties of the human vagina, as well as their changes during labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological progress in computer science (particularly, in machine learning) has contributed to the improvement of medical services, both in detecting and treating diseases. The large volumes of data, that are overwhelming for human experts (doctors, nurses), can easily be managed by automated systems, as long as we have the computational resources. Obviously, human experts are still essential in the process - we think of the use of computer science in medicine as a collaboration between medical staff and artificial intelligence. The usual types of data that can be processed by automated systems are text, sound, and image types. In this paper, we approach the diagnosis subject and focus on data consisting of sound. We created a heart murmur detection system - it analyzes recordings and tells the user whether the sound samples indicate a heart murmur or not, based on a trained machine learning model. One of the main advantages of our system is the fact that we ran a large number of experiments, with different configurations of denoising techniques and features taken into consideration. We were able to draw some interesting conclusions, for example, we found out which features are the most important for the classification and which features are not worth computing. Also, our work denotes a thorough understanding of sound processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networking platforms will be a tool for people to share their positive and negative emotions. Suicide ideation detection is one of the important fields in social network analysis. Exploiting the data published on social networking platforms will help to prevent suicide and reduce the rate of suicide in the world. The purpose of this study is to review the effects of using social networking platforms to identify and categorize suicidal ideation. In addition to presenting the most popular methods used in computer science to discern between suicide notes and non-suicide notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical decision support systems have been on the rise with technological advances and they have been the subject of many studies. Developing an effective medical decision support system requires a high amount of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity as well as time efficiency that is inversely proportional to the complexity of the model. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. In this study, data discovery has been made by applying data science processes, and the HCV has been estimated with machine learning methods. By analyzing and visualizing the values in the data set, features that may be important for HCV was determined, and HCV estimation was made using various machine learning methods, pre-processing and feature extraction. According to the features obtained from this study, the estimation of HCV can be made automatically and can be a decision support system that helps the researchers and clinicians. In this study, HCV was obtained with 99.31% accuracy by adding new features and eliminating imbalances between classes. The model in this study can be used as an alternative method in the prediction of Hepatitis C-related diseases. • In this study, data analysis was performed and HCV was estimated by ML methods. • Thanks to the new features obtained, HCV estimation can be made automatically. • In this study, HCV prediction success was increased with the newly obtained features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]