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• More citations. • Clarified research question and hypotheses. • Reorganized methods section for improved clarity. • Added more experimental results for findings not included in original manuscript. • Improved overall writing style and grammar. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an early stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), often mistaken for natural aging. Early detection and treatment of MCI are crucial for effective treatment, but the condition can be difficult to diagnose. In recent years, multi-modal data and deep learning methods have shown promise in this field. The objective of this study is to develop a computer-aided MCI diagnosis system that effectively processes multi-modal data using deep learning methods. We proposed a Dual Fusion Cluster Graph Convolution Network (DFCGCN) model, which combines two channels of feature extraction, one adjacency matrix, and the Cluster GCN in series. Brain imaging is downsampled using graph pooling and flattened into sparse vectors, from which advanced features are extracted. Similarity between connectivity matrices is calculated using the Gaussian kernel function and combined with non-imaging details to construct a population graph that better represents inter-subject variability. Finally, features are assigned to subjects in the population graph, and node embeddings are learned using Cluster GCN to output diagnostic results. We tested the proposed algorithm on the public Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, achieving an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 90.7%, 91.1%, and 94.0%, respectively. The DFCGCN model presented in this study enhances the diagnosis of MCI and outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms. This approach has potential to be a valuable tool for early detection and treatment of MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or earthworms as soil organisms promote plant growth, while their interaction on nitrogen (N) content in plants, soil, and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is not known. In this study, an AM fungus (Funneliformis mosseae) and an earthworm (Pheretima guillelmi), either in single or in combination, were introduced into soil growing white clover to analyze their effects on plant growth, chlorophyll, soluble protein, N contents in leaves, roots, GRSP, and soil, and the contribution of N in purified GRSP to soil total N. The four-week introduction of earthworms significantly increased root mycorrhizal colonization rate, and accelerated an improved AM effect on chlorophyll and plant growth. The single introduction of earthworms significantly increased root N and soil total N contents, while the single introduction of AM fungi distinctly elevated N contents in leaves, roots, easily extractable GRSP, and soil (nitrate N and total N). The N in total GRSP was 5.78–7.70 mg g−1, accounting for 3.46 %–5.45 % of the soil total N, of which the contribution of N from easily extractable GRSP and difficult-to-extract GRSP was 1.84 %–3.07 % and 1.34 %–2.39 %, respectively. AM fungi, but not earthworms, significantly increased the contribution of N in GRSP to soil total N, and the introduction of earthworms further accelerated the increased effect of mycorrhizas on the contribution of N in easily extractable and total GRSP to soil total N. These results demonstrated that the introduction of earthworms into mycorrhizosphere can facilitate N storage in GRSP and thus a contribution to soil total N. • Effects of earthworms and AMF on N content of soil and plants were studied. • Dual earthworms and AMF addition recorded higher plant growth and chlorophyll than single addition. • Earthworms increased root N and soil total N, while AMF elevated N in plants, EE-GRSP, and soil NO 3 −−N and total N. • Dual addition recorded higher N contents in GRSPs than single addition. • Earthworm accelerated the AMF effect on the contribution of N in EE-GRSP and T-GRSP to soil total N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) is an epileptic syndrome in which neurons in the brain continue to discharge during the sleep phase and is common in mid-childhood. Affected patients often experience a decline in cognition, learning ability, memory, and expressive language skills. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis can effectively protect the health of a patient. Currently, the identification and analysis of ESES activities mainly rely on manual detection or traditional matching learning algorithms, such as morphology and template matching. These algorithms are time-consuming or have low accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a graph convolutional neural network that can automatically and accurately identify ESES activity from non-ESES activity. We divide the whole EEG signal into small segments, each of which covers one second of the EEG data. Then, we construct a graph according to each segment of the EEG data and train a graph convolutional neural network to classify the graph into two categories: ESES or non-ESES. Compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms, for the proposed algorithm, the accuracy, F1-Score, Area Under Curve(AUC) and sensitivity reaches 91.2%, 95.0%, 96.5%, and 91.3%, respectively, and outperforms the other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial organisms in the soil and play an important role in improving soil fertility and plant growth. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of single versus dual inoculation of earthworms (Pheretima guillelmi) and AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) on mycorrhizal growth, root morphology, and rhizosphere properties of white clover (Trifolium repens). Addition of earthworms significantly increased the degree of root AMF colonization, while decreased hyphal length and spore number in the soil. Single or dual inoculation of F. mosseae and P. guillelmi significantly increased root traits (total length, area, volume, and average diameter), soil phosphatase activities (acid, neutral, and alkaline), easily extractable and total glomalin-related soil protein content, the percentage of soil water-stable aggregates at the size of 2–4 mm, 1–2 mm and 0.5–1 mm, aggregate stability, Bray-P, and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Among them, the dual inoculation further amplified the effect on glomalin production, phosphatase activity, and aggregate stability, but did not show a superposition effect on root improvement, Bray-P, and SOC. Our study, hence, suggested that AMF and earthworms have synergistic roles in elevating rhizosphere properties vis-à-vis agronomic responses of white clover. • Effects of earthworm-AMF (singly and in combination) on rhizosphere environment and crop response were studied. • Earthworms increased root AMF colonization, but reduced hyphae and spores in soils. • AMF or earthworms singly improved root traits, Bray-P, and soil organic carbon contents, but dual application of AMF and earthworms did not show a major effect than single application. • Single AMF or earthworms increased aggregation, phosphatase, GRSP, and dual addition amplified these responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dietary fructose promotes diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumor initiation. • Excessive dietary fructose induces steatotic hepatitis. • Dietary fructose promotes the hepatic progenitor cell proliferation. • Fructose enhances the tumor initiating capability of hepatic progenitor cells. • Dietary fructose promotes the malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells. The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated liver cancer is rising particularly in western societies. Dietary fructose has been increasingly reported as a significant contributor for the onset of NAFLD. However, the association between a high-fructose diet and liver cancer incidence is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary fructose on liver tumorigenesis. In a mouse model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumor initiation, high-fructose diet was found to significantly increased hepatic lipid deposition and expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse livers. Besides, DEN administration induced the malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) into malignant tumor initiating cells, while DEN + Fructose mice had significantly enriched HPCs with enhanced proliferation, invasion, chemoresistance, and tumorigenic capabilities. This study for the first time demonstrates that fructose promotes liver carcinogenesis via increasing tumorigenic HPCs and inflammatory microenvironment, which warrants precautionary control of the excessive intake of dietary fructose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common degenerative disease among the elderly population. In addition to cognitive impairment, AD is often accompanied by behavioral manifestations. However, little attention has been paid to changes in bone metabolism and related mechanisms in patients with AD. We found that AD mice (APPswe/PS1dE9) had reduced bone density, weakened bone strength, and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in the bone tissue. It was further found that targeting autophagy receptors Optineurin (OPTN) and Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) increased bone density and bone strength in AD mice, promoted the clearance of Aβ in the bone tissue, and maintained bone homeostasis. Our study suggests that abnormal Aβ deposition may be the co-pathogenesis of AD and osteoporosis (OP). Targeting OPTN and SQSTM1 has a dual-functional effect of alleviating both AD and OP through selective autophagy that specifically targets Aβ for clearance. Therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy may help guide the treatment of patients with AD complicated with OP. • Alzheimer's disease is often accompanied by behavioral manifestations. • Aβ deposition may be the co-pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. • Selective autophagy contributes to the clearance of abnormally deposited Aβ. • Targeting autophagy is beneficial for Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertical distribution and transport properties of dust aerosols play a key role in regional and even global climate and environmental changes. However, there are still gaps in understanding the optical properties, transport mechanisms, and topographic effects on dust in the dust-prone area-southern margin of the Tarim Basin. In this study, we use the Ground-Based Aerosol Lidar (GBQL-01) installed in Hotan and Minfeng in cooperation with the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) to synthesize and analyze the dust formation process at the southern margin of the basin once, and to test the reliability of the ground-based aerosol lidar. The variability characteristics of meteorological elements during this dust process will be discussed. Furthermore, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) was used to reproduce this dust process. The results show that the vertical transport of dust particles reaches about 4 km and 3 km in Hotan and Minfeng, respectively, and the dust aerosol stratification intensity is obvious within 1 km height in both places, and there is a dust aerosol layer at 3 km height in both places. The high winds are blocked by the large topography of the Tianshan Mountains and the northern slopes of the Tibet Plateau, and they change to northeasterly winds, triggering dusty weather outbreaks at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. When the dusty weather subsided, dust aerosols with concentrations of 300–400 μg m−3 were still present at an altitude of 4 km, and a clear suspended dust phenomenon was formed. Meanwhile, the increase of wind speed and relative humidity, as well as the decrease of temperature, easily contribute to the occurrence of dusty weather and the transport of particulate matter. This work provides a useful reference for the study of regional climate change, topographic effects and "suspended dust". • The evaluation of the ground-based aerosol lidar's performance was conducted in an integrated manner using CALIPSO and particulate matter data. This assessment is essential for future studies. • Data on the height of dust stratification in the southern margin of the Tarim Basin (Hotan and Minfeng) was collected, confirming the presence of a stable aerosol layer at an altitude of 3 km. • The analysis using the WRF-Chem model clearly demonstrates the influence of topographic effects on dust aerosols. Additionally, this study confirms the occurrence of a unique phenomenon known as "suspended dust.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor eating habits, especially high-fat and -glucose diets intake, can lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in islet β-cells, insulin resistance, and islet β-cell dysfunction and cause islet β-cell apoptosis, which leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taurine is a crucial amino acid in the human body. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism through which taurine reduces glycolipid toxicity. INS-1 islet β-cell lines were cultured with a high concentration of fat and glucose. SD rats were fed a high-fat and -glucose diet. MTS, Transmission electron microscopy, Flow cytometry, Hematoxylin-eosin, TUNEL, Western blotting analysis and other methods were used to detect relevant indicators. The research found that taurine increases the cell activity, reduces the apoptosis rate, alleviates the structural changes of ER under high-fat and -glucose exposure models. In addition, taurine improves blood lipid content and islets pathological changes, regulates the relative protein expression in ER stress and apoptosis, increases the insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-IS), and reduces the insulin resistance index (HOMAC-IR) of SD rats fed with a high-fat and -glucose diet. • Taurine can prevent T2DM caused by excessive high-fat and -glucose diets. • Apoptosis induced by HFHG diets are alleviated by taurine through inhibiting ER stress signalling pathway in islet β-cells. • Taurine can reduce the weight gain, blood sugar and insulin resistance caused by glycolipid toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a type of chronic autoimmune-mediated inflammatory skin condition in which clinical manifestations are characterized by erythema and scaly changes, with complex pathogenesis and ease of relapse, and it is difficult to cure. Lenalidomide (Len) is a structural analog of thalidomide, which belongs to the second generation of immunomodulators and has the functions of tumor killing, immune regulation, anti-angiogenesis and regulation of the myeloma microenvironment. In the current experiment, we investigated the therapeutic effect of transdermal application of Len on the pathological changes of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin irritations and inflammation in psoriatic-like mice. The in vivo results revealed that Len nanoemulsion-based gels markedly reduced the IMQ-induced Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score, spleen-to-body weight index and CD4 protein expression in the derma of mice and improved IMQ-induced skin inflammatory cell infiltration. Transcriptome sequencing was intended to obtain the differentially expressed genes among the skin of Con mice and the skin of IMQ mice, and then, the GO enrichment classification and KEGG pathway analysis of the significant genes was executed to obtain major signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the psoriasis mouse model. It was found that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was a major pathway in the pathogenesis of psoriasis in a mouse model induced by IMQ. The immunohistochemical results confirmed that Len could modulate the protein expression of AKT and NF-κB in skin. In conclusion, the protective effect of transdermal administration of Len may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its downstream NF-κB pathway against IMQ-induced psoriasis in mice. [Display omitted] • The network pharmacology is applied to predict the therapeutic effect of Len on psoriasis. • Transcriptomic is applied to analyse the differentially expressed genes between Con group and IMQ group. • The Len nanoemulsion-based gels were first prepared and it is effective for the psoriasis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]