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This paper addresses the first case of perimortem trauma caused by a sharp metal weapon in a pre-Hispanic cranium in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) dated before the first contacts with Europeans in the late Middle Ages. The fact that metalliferous minerals did not exist in the archipelago confers extraordinary significance to this injury, as evidence of an event involving the arrival of new population after the initial colonization of the Island around the 2nd century CE. The chronocultural context of the violent event is analized in order to evaluate the possible role of this contact in the processes of change among ancient canarians. To this end statistical chronological modelling is assessed to specify timing behind major archaeological expressions of shifts detected on the island. The results question the traditionally proposed isolation for the indigenous population, and reinforce the most recent proposals suggesting migration of new North African people to Gran Canaria and their contribution to the socioeconomical dynamics of the pre-Hispanic society. • A sharp force injury death shows outside contacts for the ancient Canarians • Bayesian modelling of 14C dates sheds light on historical changes • Migratory movements as active factors in the dynamics of socio-economic change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the relationship between past peoples and the sea in a context of oceanic islands, just as in the case of other cultural behaviours, it is necessary to consider many more factors than the mere proximity to the coast. Traditions, ways of life, sailing ability and knowledge, diet, and so on, determine the way in which this relationship is expressed. This paper addresses this matter through the study of external auditory exostosis (EAE) among the aboriginal population of Gran Canaria. The analysis has been completed by contrasting this bioanthropological marker with such other variables as chronology, territory, social dynamics and environmental changes. The study examined a large sample (MNI = 637) from all over the island and a time interval of more than 1200 years, practically the whole pre-Hispanic period. EAE is present in 17.1% of the total population analysed, with no statistically significant differences between males and females. This high prevalence is even more evident when considering its notable incidence among coastal communities and its chronological concentration, between the 13th and 15th centuries, that is, the last 300 years of the historical sequence considered. On balance, the results indicate relevant variation in the relationship that these populations had with the sea in accordance with the historical processes and social changes that took place over more than a millennium. • Island colonization, migrations and lifestyle changes on an African island. • Historical development of an insular Libyan-Berber population between the 3rd and 15th centuries CE. • Archaeological traces of environmental changes and social transformation. • External auricular exostosis (EAE) as a diachronic marker of the interaction of humans with the marine environment. • Cultural markers in the western confines of the Maghreb between the 3rd-15th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]