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Ward and Durrant (2021) explain the need for practice theories, to tie together the abstract, explanatory features of criminological theories, and operationalization of interventions. In this paper, the theory/theories of "desistance" (i.e., the cessation of criminal activity) are examined with an eye toward describing the various frameworks that explain and predict desistance from crime, and their implicit models for desistance-promotion. The paper makes three fundamental points: 1) that there are multiple explanations for desistance, ranging from external, stabilizing influences to internal identity shifts (and their interaction); 2) because of this, desistance is more an observable process that is predictable under some conditions, but does not represent an overarching theory for behavior or change. Finally, since theories of desistance are not rehabilitation models per se, the article develops elements of practice frameworks, or steps toward creating interventions, that are suggested by the explanatory features of the different approaches to desistance in practice. • Desistance is difficult to operationalize as a theory • Desistance is a state of being observed, observation of states rather than a theory per se • Desistance theories include external factors and internal factors • Some factors that contribute to desistance could not be advocated as practice guidance • Attempts to develop practice guidance reveal complexity in theory articulation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of numerous Internet celebrities on social media platforms has created fierce competition among this group of individuals, making the maintenance of enduring involvement among followers a crucial concern. Building upon theories of social exchange and interpersonal attraction, this paper investigates the effects of Internet celebrities' self-disclosure (across the dimensions of amount, relevance, and negativity) on their followers' interpersonal attraction to them (across the dimensions of familiarity, similarity, and expertise), as well as on their followers' enduring involvement with them. A survey was administered to 695 Internet celebrity followers, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the hypothesized intervariable relationships. The amount of self-disclosure negatively affected followers' perceived similarity but did not significantly affect perceived familiarity or perceived expertise. Relevance positively influenced perceived familiarity, perceived similarity, and perceived expertise. Negativity positively affected perceived familiarity and negatively influenced perceived expertise but did not significantly affect perceived similarity. Enduring involvement was positively influenced by perceived familiarity, perceived similarity, and perceived expertise. The findings have various theoretical and practical implications. • The amount of self-disclosure negatively affected fan-perceived similarity. • Relevance fosters the three dimensions of fan-perceived interpersonal attraction. • Negativity fosters perceived familiarity and declines perceived expertise. • The three dimensions of interpersonal attraction fosters enduring involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]