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Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be used as a marker for the occurrence of oxidative stress in the organism. Lysosomes serve as intracellular digestive sites, and when the concentration of H 2 O 2 in them is abnormal, lysosomal function is often impaired, leading to the development of diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) acts as a gaseous signaling molecule that scavenges H 2 O 2 from cells and tissues, thereby maintaining the redox environment of the body. However, most of the reported hydrogen peroxide fluorescent probes so far can only detect H 2 O 2 , but cannot maintain the intracellular redox environment. In this paper, an H 2 O 2 fluorescent probe LN-HOD with lysosomal targeting properties was designed and synthesized by combining the H 2 O 2 recognition site with a naphthylamine fluorophore via a thiocarbamate moiety. The probe has the advantages of large Stokes shift (110 nm), high sensitivity and good H 2 S release capability. The probe LN-HOD can be used to detect H 2 O 2 in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. In addition, LN-HOD detects changes in the concentration of H 2 O 2 in plant roots when Arabidopsis is stressed by cadmium ion (Cd2+). And through its ability to release H 2 S, it can help to remove excess H 2 O 2 and maintain the redox environment in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. The present work provides new ideas for the detection and assisted removal of H 2 O 2 , which contributes to the in-depth study of the cellular microenvironment in organisms. In this paper, we designed and synthesized LN-HOD , a fluorescent probe targeting the detection of H 2 O 2 in lysosomes, by combining the H 2 O 2 recognition site with a naphthalimide fluorophore via a thiocarbamate moiety. The probe has the advantages of large Stokes displacement, high sensitivity and good H 2 S release capability. The probe LN-HOD can be used to detect H 2 O 2 in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. In addition, LN-HOD detects changes in the concentration of H 2 O 2 in plant roots when Arabidopsis is stressed by cadmium ion (Cd2+). And through its ability to release H 2 S, it can help to remove excess H 2 O 2 and maintain the redox environment in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. The present work provides new ideas for the detection and assisted removal of H 2 O 2 , which contributes to the in-depth study of the cellular microenvironment in organisms. [Display omitted] • The probe LN-HOD not only detects H 2 O 2 but also releases H 2 S. • LN-HOD has the ability to release H 2 S in cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis. • LN-HOD has a good ability to maintain the redox environment in cells. • LN-HOD can detect changes in H 2 O 2 concentration in plants induced by Cd2+ ion stress effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine (N 2 H 4) plays an important role in industrial production, but it is highly toxic, leaking or exposing it will pollute the environment and cause serious harm to human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to use a simple and effective method to detect N 2 H 4 in environmental systems and organisms. Herein, a novel water-soluble fluorescent probe based on coumarin fluorophore, 2-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C-Z1), is reported. The fluorescence intensity of the probe at 530 nm was enhanced gradually with the addition of N 2 H 4 , and the maximum enhancement was about 28 times. The probe has good selectivity and sensitivity, the detection limit of hydrazine hydrate is 1.48 × 10−7 M, and the response mechanism of the probe is proved by theoretical calculation and experiment. C-Z1 has been shown to detect N 2 H 4 in a variety of environmental samples, including water, soil, air, cells, zebrafish and plants. In addition, C-Z1 can be made into test strips for easy portability and used for rapid quantitative detection of N 2 H 4 in the field by its distinct change in fluorescence color. Thus, C-Z1 has great potential for the analysis and detection of environmental contaminants. In this paper, the deprotection of phthalimide is used as a strategy for the detection of hydrazine. We designed and synthesized a water-soluble probe C-Z1 for the detection of N 2 H 4. its absorption and emission spectra vary regularly with the concentration of the N 2 H 4 solution. C-Z1 can detect N 2 H 4 in environmental water samples, soil, and air. Portable paper test strips based on C-Z1 can be easily prepared and are well used for in situ detection of N 2 H 4. Most importantly, the successful application of the probe in cell imaging, zebrafish imaging, and Arabidopsis imaging demonstrates the potential application of the probe in biological and environmental aspects. [Display omitted] • C-Z1 is a novel probe for the detection of N 2 H 4 , which has not been reported in other literature. • The probe is a water-soluble fluorescent probe and has a maximum fluorescence intensity of 28-fold. • The probe possesses low toxicity and can be used for fluorescence imaging of cells, zebrafish and arabidopsis. • Accurate determination of hydrazine is realized in real environmental samples. • The probes are simple to prepare and can be made into test strips for physical environmental testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multi-stratified dielectric particle model is proposed. • Expressions for electric fields within cellular compartments are derived. • Expressions for induced transmembrane potentials are also derived. • Electric field is amplified within the cell and organelle membranes. • No field amplification is predicted for more conductive cell compartments. Knowledge of the electrical potentials within different compartments of a biological cell induced by applied alternating fields is needed for assessing the effects of electromagnetic radiation on cells, understanding electroporation and other electric field-induced effects, and deriving expressions for the complex permittivity of suspensions of cells. In the work presented in this paper, closed-form analytical expressions have been derived for the electrical potentials within different layers of an inhomogeneous particle consisting of four different dielectric layers and suspended in a homogeneous medium. Those expressions have been used to derive, for the case of a realistic model of a cell containing a large concentric organelle, expressions for the transmembrane potentials (at cell and organelle level) and electric fields within the cell compartments induced by applied fields. The results of the present theoretical model indicate points of departure between the present and previous theoretical models. The present theory also confirms the validity of the equivalence approach introduced by Irimajiri and co-workers for computing the complex permittivity for suspensions of multi-shelled particles. In addition, it shows that the electric field is amplified at the level of the cell and organelle membranes, but not within other cell compartments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]