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To improve the real-time and precision of vehicle emission monitoring and estimation for supporting variable and speedy response on vehicle emission control work, a real-time modeling and visualization system for vehicle emissions on an urban road network (RTVEMVS) was designed and built with Web platform by the development of three modules: real-time data collection, real-time modeling and real-time visualization. The real-time mapping of vehicle emission by vehicle types and road links and real-time"precise vehicles emissions impact estimation" technology which can trace key roads and vehicles induced high air pollution were innovated on system to provide the sensitive perception for government decision makers on speedy vehicles emission control. The detailed vehicle information, traffic flow, speed on each road link and weather data were accessed and fused in real-time from multiple urban sensor systems together with road network information. Integrating an emission calculation model with a high spatiotemporal resolution and the AREMOD dispersion model was running on real-time in RTVEMVS. Based on the Web interface and WebGIS technology (ArcGIS API for JavaScript), real-time vehicle emissions and estimation results can be visualized on a map. The RTEMVS was demonstrated by application on Chongqing of China, hourly based-links vehicle emission by vehicle types on road network and the top 10 of key road links and vehicles induced high air pollution per hour were clearly reveal and visually viewed, and indicate that the real-time system with real-time mapping and precise estimation can provide direct support to the variable vehicle emission control. The RTVEMVS is a useful platform for supporting decision-making in the precise control of urban vehicle emissions pollution. • The RTVEMVS is optimal way to improve the timeliness and precision of vehicle emission measurement and estimation. • Vehicle emission and impact on air quality by ten vehicle types and road links per hour were visually cognized by rea-time mapping and modeling of RTVEMVS. • The Top 10 of key road links and vehicles induced high air pollution per hour or minute can provided by RTVEMVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]