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The presence of tourists and the absence of scientific evidence exacerbate the silence of alarming destructions at China's minority tourist attractions. The yearly tourist arrival to resident ratio reaches 26.5 at minority attractions—the Miao-Dong Autonomous Prefecture in China, which is higher than 16.3 in Venice, Italy. Overtourism motivates us to develop a low-carbon transition evaluation system at three Dong culture attractions. Based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework (DPSIR), we develop a low-carbon transition evaluation system and then, evaluate low-carbon transitions at three minority tourist attractions in 2010, 2012, and 2017. Our three-dimensional visualization reveals the changes (Liping and Tongdao upgrade from fair to average and good ratings over time) or the lack thereof (Sanjiang shows no improvement) in low-carbon transitions. This study provides a foundation and a step-by-step process to design, develop, and apply a tailor-made low-carbon transition evaluation system for minority tourist attractions in China. Our rigorous research methodology verifies the actual situations and demonstrates the first evidence of its validity. Visualization offers profound practical implications to scholars and practitioners in tourism research. Future scientists in socio-economic planning sciences may follow our approach, incorporate local rich characteristics, and replicate our visualization of low-carbon transitions in other locations, globally. Our methodology helps decision-makers identify and mitigate the most vulnerable sectors in the ecological and environmental niche and optimize sustainable tourism. We nudge government organizations and business enterprises in the tourism industry to strengthen environmental awareness, engage in systematic socio-economic planning and construction, and promote green tourism. • We employ the DPSIR framework to construct a low-carbon evaluation system. • Liping and Tongdao upgraded from fair in 2010 and 2012 to good ratings in 2017. • Sanjiang has not changed during the same period. • Our visualization provides the low-carbon transitions, or the lack thereof, over time. • We nudge governments and organizations to improve sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Serum AIM2 levels are significantly elevated in patients after severe traumatic brain injury. • Serum AIM2 levels independently predict long-term poor prognosis of such patients. • Serum AIM2 levels may possess high prognostic predictive efficiency in those patients. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) participates in neuroinflammation. Here, the prognostic significance of serum AIM2 was explored in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). A total of 135 sTBI patients and 80 healthy controls were recruited in this prospective cohort study. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and AIM2 levels were measured. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) classification were recorded as the severity indicators. Prognostic parameters were posttraumatic six-month extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE) scores and poor outcome (GOSE scores of 1–4). As opposed to controls, there were significantly elevated serum AIM2 levels after sTBI. Serum AIM2 levels were independently correlated with serum CRP levels, GCS scores, Rotterdam CT scores, GOSE scores and poor outcome. Also, serum AIM2 levels were efficiently predictive of poor outcome under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Under the restricted cubic spline, serum AIM2 levels were linearly correlated with risk of poor outcome. Using subgroup analysis, serum AIM2 levels did not significantly interact with other indices, such as age, gender, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, etc. Also, combination model, in which serum AIM2, GCS scores and Rotterdam CT scores were merged, was outlined using nomogram and performed well under calibration curve, ROC curve and decision curve. Raised serum AIM2 levels after sTBI, in intimate correlation with systemic inflammation and trauma severity, are independently discriminative of posttraumatic six-month neurological outcome, substantializing serum AIM2 as an inflammatory prognostic biomarker of sTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the complicated relationships underlying the clinical information is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, few approaches are mature enough to show operational impact. Based on electronic medical records (EMRs) of 570 COVID-19 inpatients, we proposed an analysis model of diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19 based on the machine learning algorithms and complex networks. Introducing the medical information fusion, we constructed the heterogeneous information network to discover the complex relationships among the syndromes, symptoms, and medicines. We generated the numerical symptom (medicine) embeddings and divided them into seven communities (syndromes) using the combination of Skip-Gram model and Spectral Clustering (SC) algorithm. After analyzing the symptoms and medicine networks, we identified the key factors using six evaluation metrics of node centrality. The experimental results indicate that the proposed analysis model is capable of discovering the critical symptoms and symptom distribution for diagnosis; the key medicines and medicine combinations for treatment. Based on the latest COVID-19 clinical guidelines, this model could result in the higher accuracy results than the other representative clustering algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed model is able to provide tremendously valuable guidance and help the physicians to combat the COVID-19. • This study proposes an analysis model of diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19. • The key symptoms and medicines for different syndromes can be identified effectively. • The common symptom groups and medicine combinations can be discovered accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the third generation photovoltaic device, the main physical mechanism that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is enhanced is the singlet fission (SF). In order to accurately describe the SF and reveal physical process in theoretically, we introduce the anomalous processes (APs) in SF dynamics based on previous model, including anomalous fission, anomalous fusion, anomalous dissociation and combination of triplet pair states, anomalous decay and diffusion of single triplet exciton. The effects of the APs on SF are investigated by the kinetic model with time-dependent coefficient. Further, according to the effects the optimal simulations for the experimental data [G. B. Piland et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117, 1224] are given by adjusting the rate coefficients and exponents in the mended kinetic equations. The results show that the model containing APs is more accurate than previous that to describe SF dynamics, demonstrating that the APs do exist in SF. The model also provides the theoretical foundation for how varies experimentally physical parameters to make SF occur in the required direction. • In this paper, the main highlight is that the anomalous processes were introduced in the dynamics describing singlet fission process. • Besides, It was demonstrated that the anomalous processes exist in real singlet fission process, and the mended dynamics equations are more precise to describe singlet fission than previous that. • In fact, it also suggests that the nonlinear relations among the population of the spin states in singlet fission exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the process stability and the protective role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were evaluated during the anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM) suffering chlortetracycline (CTC) concentrations from 0 mg/L to 100 mg/L in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated for 270 days. Results showed that during the phases with low levels of CTC (0, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/L), the volume biogas production rate increased from 0.77 ± 0.01 L/(L·d) to 1.15 ± 0.02 L/(L·d) with an obvious decrease in the concentration of VFAs from 2.57 ± 0.07 g/L to 1.17 ± 0.08 g/L. The reactor remained stable with continued operation as the CTC in the CM spiked to 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. During the phases with high levels of CTC (25, 50, and 100 mg/L), despite a reduction in biogas production of 18%, 43% and 56%, respectively, compared to the steady stage, the reactor finally could maintain the inhibition-steady stage. This stage was characterized by steady biogas production along with accumulating VFAs and ammonia nitrogen, which increased the inhibition thresholds of CTC on the AD of CM. An appreciable increase in EPS was identified. Spectral analysis results showed the fluorescence of protein-like in EPS was quenched with increasing dosages of CTC. The quenching constant (K q) induced by CTC for tyrosine was found to be 3.969 × 1012 (R2 = 0.942), implying that the increased CTC prompt anaerobic microbes excrete more EPS to protect themselves from the CTC toxins by the formation of the complex tyrosine-CTC. This protection led to a decrease in the biodegraded CTC from 61.6 to 40.9%, and an increase in the adsorbed CTC on EPS in sludge from 35 to 56.1%. The results indicated that the absorbed CTC on EPS may pose a risk to the soil ecosystem due to the agriculture utilization of the biogas residue. [Display omitted] • The reactor maintained an inhibition-steady state with high levels of CTC. • Anaerobic microbes excrete more EPS to protect themselves from the CTC toxins. • The formation of tyrosine-CTC may pose a risk to the soil ecosystem by the agriculture utilization of the biogas residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article " ... the Western blot bands in all 400+ papers are all very regularly spaced and have a smooth appearance in the shape of a dumbbell or tadpole, without any of the usual smudges or stains. All bands are placed on similar looking backgrounds, suggesting they were copy/pasted from other sources, or computer generated", the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cytogenetic background of Selinexor sensitive MM patients was not limited to specific cytogenetic subtypes. • ABCC4 was identified as the biomarker to predict the therapeutic response and prognosis of Selinexor. • ABCC4 expression had a significantly positive correlation with NK infiltration and TIM-3 expression. The treatment of relapse or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is still a big challenge in clinic. Recently, several clinical trials indicated that the XPO1 inhibitor, selinexor could significantly improve the remission rate in MM patients. However, the heterogeneous genetic background greatly influenced the efficiency of selinexor among MM. Here, we tried to characterized the biomarkers associated with selinexor sensitivity by analyzing gene expression data in MM patients. We found the cytogenetic background of selinexor sensitive MM patients was not limited to specific cytogenetic subtypes. In addition, by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we obtained 10 key genes which showed a strong correlation with the selinexor sensitivity in MM patients. Notably, ABCC4 (MRP4) was the only gene which was both differentially expressed and proved to be clinical prognostic valuable (both for event-free survival and overall survival) in MM patients. We further validated the heterogenous expression of ABCC4 in MM cell lines and its value as a novel indicator for selinexor sensitivity. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis showed that ABCC4 expression had a significantly positive correlation with NK infiltration as well as immunotherapy target TIM-3 (HAVCR2) expression. Collectively, our findings indicated that ABCC4 might be a predictive biomarker of selinexor sensitivity in MM patients, which could be enhanced if combined with immunotherapy drugs such as TIM-3 inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the flame propagation behaviors and temperature characteristics of magnesium dust clouds, the measurement system and the two-color pyrometer technique were used to study the spatial-temporal distribution of flame temperature fields and flame propagation behaviors with different particle sizes. The experiment results showed that the flame propagation characteristics largely depended on the particle size and the flame propagation velocity was higher with decreasing particle sizes. The flame temperatures of the leading edges were kept stable between 3100 and 3300 K, and the average flame temperature was related to the dust concentrations and particle sizes. The average flame temperature of −400 mesh magnesium with 830 g/m3 dust concentration was the highest, and the descent speed of the average flame temperature had a negative correlation with the particle size. The two-color pyrometer technique could evaluate the severity of magnesium dust clouds explosion, which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention. [Display omitted] • Effects of magnesium particle sizes on the flame propagation were presented. • A two-color pyrometer was applied for studying magnesium dust explosions. • Temperature filed distribution of magnesium dust clouds were reconstructed. • Effects of particle sizes on the temperature filed of magnesium dust were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitatively simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) with low limit of detection (LOD) and wide detection range is of critical significance in water quality control but faces great challenges due to their isomer similarity and a large range of contamination concentrations. Herein, high density of boron atoms is introduced into nitrogen-doped nanocarbon (BNC) to realize simultaneous detection of HQ and CC with a large separation of peak potential (Δ E p) of 111 mV between oxidations of HQ and CC by differential pulse voltammetry. Besides, extremely low LODs of 33.3 and 16.3 nM for HQ and CC were achieved through amperometric I - t curve with wide linear ranges of 0.099 ∼ 43340 µM and 0.049 ∼ 5110 µM, respectively. The systematical investigation of the enhancement mechanism by spectroscopy and DFT calculations clearly reveal that the boron-nitrogen co-doping creates rich electroactive sites for high sensing performance toward HQ and CC, thereby shedding lights on the great effect of a unique nanostructure on electrocatalysis in sensing applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs a prediction model based on Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to explore the formation mechanism of brine (seawater evaporation or freezing). Four brine sets are extracted from the published, real-world data, and the simulation test with the same six chemical substance features. After integrated comparative experiments on six evaluation metrics, the results show that this model outperforms the other baseline prediction algorithms, achieving the highest precision 0.9625 and at least 8.45% improvement. Furthermore, for predicting the real-world test set, the results confirm the existence of freezing brine for the first time in Laizhou Bay area, China. This model is also used to analyze the mixed simulation results for brine and fresh groundwater. The experimental results indicate that only two out of twenty-nine samples of various concentrations change formation mechanisms after mixing. Overall, the model can effectively distinguish the evaporation and freezing brine, and discover the seawater concentration pathway. [Display omitted] • A prediction model is proposed to discover the seawater concentration pathway. • This model achieves a good performance in brine classification. • This study reveals the existence of freezing brine for the first time in Laizhou Bay, China. • This prediction model is still effective after mixing the brine with fresh groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) not only effectively reduce the hypoxic resistance to PDT, but also overcome the heat shock effect to PTT. However, the residual phototherapeutic agents still produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage normal tissue under sunlight after treatment, which induces undesirable side effects to limit their biomedical application. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to construct a biodegradable semiconducting polymer p-DTT, which is constructed by thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene modified diketopyrrolopyrrole and (E)-1,2-bis(5-(trimethylstannyl)thiophen-2-yl)ethene moieties, to avoid the post-treatment side effects of phototherapy. Additionally, p-DTT exhibits strong photoacoustic (PA) for imaging, as well as good ROS production capacity and high photothermal conversion efficiency for synergistic PDT and PTT, which has been confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo results. After phototherapy, p-DTT could be gradually oxidized and degraded by endogenous ClO−, and subsequently lose ROS production and photothermal conversion capacities, which can guarantee the post-treatment safety, and address above key limitation of traditional phototherapy. ClO−-degradable monomers were used to construct biodegradable semiconducting polymer phototherapeutic agents. After synergistic PDT/PTT, the polymer can be degraded at a proper rate to ensure both treatment efficiency and post-treatment safety. [Display omitted] • Diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative for designing degradable phototherapy reagents. • ClO−-responsive biodegradable semiconducting polymer phototherapeutic agent. • Combining PDT and PTT to anti-tumor and switching off after treatment. • Balancing the therapeutic effect and post-treatment safety in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of artificial intelligence-based knowledge reasoning has contributed to more accurate and efficient auxiliary diagnoses. However, a majority of the disease prediction methods concentrate on the symptoms themselves while discarding the inherent properties of symptoms and the relationships underlying them. This paper proposes a feature aggregation-based intelligent diagnosis model employing a Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), termed HeteroGCN. It focuses on symptoms' inherent properties and multiple hidden relationships among symptoms and properties. By aggregating features of nodes, it realizes effective and accurate symptom-based knowledge reasoning for disease-type prediction. The diagnosis-related information from the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has been extracted and standardized by taking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an instance. Then the presented model extracts the symptoms and their properties as nodes and the relationships underlying the nodes as edges to construct a heterogeneous graph. The adjacency matrix and feature matrix have been fused and taken as the input of this model, and then the node representations (embeddings) are generated by aggregating neighbor nodes' information. Finally, specific disease types (syndromes) will be predicted by the generated symptom node embeddings. The results of the model comparison and parameter sensitivity test demonstrate that the presented HeteroGCN model performs best on disease-type prediction. This paper provides a novel feature aggregation-based multi-relational knowledge reasoning approach for disease type (syndrome) prediction, which holds great significance in improving disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harel-Yoon syndrome is a disease caused by variants in the ATAD3A gene, which manifest as global developmental delay, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and axonal neuropathy. The aim of this study is to summarize the clinical and gene mutation characteristics of a child with refractory epilepsy caused by ATAD3A gene mutation. The whole-exome sequencing combined with copy number variation analysis could help to understand the genetic diversity and underlying disease mechanisms in ATAD3A gene mutation. We report a Chinese boy with Harel-Yoon syndrome presenting with refractory epilepsy, hypotonia, global developmental delay, and congenital cataract through whole-exome sequencing. Genetic analysis showed a missense mutation, c.251T>C(p.Thr84Met) in the ATAD3A gene (NM_001170535.1). Further copy number variation analysis identified a novel heterozygous deletion on chromosome1p36.33, which spans ATAD3A exon 1 and 2 regions. Multiple antiepileptic drugs failed to control his seizures. Eventually, seizure was controlled through ketogenic diet (KD). Our case shows the potential diagnostic role of whole-exome sequencing in Harel-Yoon syndrome and expands the ATAD3A gene mutation spectrum. Multiple antiepileptic drugs failed to control refractory epilepsy in Harel-Yoon syndrome. The KD therapy may be effective for patients with refractory epilepsy who carry the ATAD3A variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC nano-multilayer films with different modulation period were successfully deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrates by sputtering alternately using Cu–Se and SiC targets. The deposited films were observed on both surface and cross-section, and the thermoelectric properties were studied. The results show that both carrier concentration and mobility at room temperature decreased with the reducing modulation period for the nano-multilayer films. The conductivity slightly decreased and Seebeck coefficient greatly increased with the reducing modulation period. As a result of competition, the power factor of the nano multilayer films increased with the reducing modulation period because the positive effect of the Seebeck coefficient exceeded the negative effect of the conductivity. In the case of β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC nano multilayer film with the smallest modulation periods (210 ​nm), the power factor reached 0.39 ​mWm−1K−2 and 0.59 ​mWm−1K−2 at room temperature and 325 ​°C, respectively. The enhanced power factor for nano multilayer films is attributed to the scattering process at the β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC layer interface, which reduces the carrier concentration and the mobility. It is concluded that the thermoelectric properties of β-Cu 2+x Se films can be effectively improved by designing nano multilayer structure. [Display omitted] • β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC nano-multilayer films were prepared on Si substrates by sputtering. • The carrier concentration and the mobility decreased with the reducing modulation period. • The conductivity reduced and Seebeck coefficient enhanced by the inserting interface. • An increase in power factor is attributed to the scattering at β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Skewed usage of H/L chain genes were identified in various clinical presentations. • IGKV3–7 and IGKV2–24 enriched in asymptomatic patients. • Dock analysis indicated that IGHV3–13 might be a potential vaccine candidate. • IGHV3–23 was differentially expressed in naive and memory B cell clusters. B cell-mediated immune responses play important roles in controlling SARS-CoV infection. Here, we performed the single-cell B cell receptor sequencing (scBCR-seq) of the PBMC samples from eleven healthy controls, five asymptomatic subjects and 33 symptomatic COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations, and subsequently analyzed the abundance and diversity of the BCR repertoires in different groups, respectively. We revealed the skewed usage of the IGHV, IGLV and IGKV genes and identified a number of heavy or light chain VDJ gene pairs and combinational preference in each group, such as IGKV3–7 and IGKV2–24 enriched in the asymptomatic subjects, whereas IGHV3–13, IGHV3–23-IGHJ4, IGHV1–18–IGLV3–19, IGHV1–18–IGLV3–21, and IGHV1–18–IGLV3–25 enriched in the recovery patients with severe diseases. We also observed the differential expression of IGHV3–23 in various B cell clusters by analysis of the scRNA-seq data. Additional dock analysis indicated that IGHV3–13 could bind to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. These findings may advance our understanding of the humoral immune responses in COVID-19 patients and help develop novel vaccine candidates as well as therapeutical antibodies against SASR-CoV-2 infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model test investigates the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the slamming effects in the stepped moonpool under wave excitation with ship forward speed. An analysis is conducted to compare and examine the variations in the duration and extreme value of slamming at different positions along the moonpool wall. The mechanism of the slamming formation on the moonpool wall during the piston and sloshing motion of the fluid in the moonpool is studied in depth. The results indicate that the slamming phenomenon of the stepped moonpool is limited to one side of the step, while the opposite side does not exhibit any noticeable slamming phenomenon. The existence of the step leads to a similar phenomenon of the 'dam-break effect', which in turn produces a slamming phenomenon. The slamming on the wall of the moonpool is significantly influenced by the motion mode of the fluid within the moonpool, which in turn affects its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. The duration and magnitude of slamming vary with the vertical location of the wall. The presence of steps in the moonpool is a crucial structural element that leads to the slamming of the moonpool, regardless of whether the fluid inside is in piston or sloshing action. This paper provides citations and recommendations for the design of moonpools and the mitigation of slamming phenomena within them. • The slamming phenomenon of the stepped moonpool is limited to one side of the step, while the opposite side does not exhibit any noticeable slamming phenomenon. The existence of the step leads to a similar phenomenon of 'dam-break effect', which in turn produces a slamming phenomenon. • The slamming on the wall of the moonpool is significantly influenced by the motion mode of the fluid within the moonpool, which in turn affects its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. • The presence of steps in the moonpool is a crucial structural element that leads to the slamming, regardless of whether the fluid inside is in piston or sloshing action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel environmentally-friendly porous hydrogel adsorbent (GHPN) is firstly designed and prepared using dextran, phosphate, and calcium hydroxide for the adsorption of Be(II). GHPN shows good adsorption selectivity for Be(II) (K d = 1.53 × 104 mL/g). According the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics, the theoretical adsorption capacity of GHPN to Be(II) is 43.75 mg/g (35 °C, pH = 6.5), indicating a spontaneous exothermic reaction. After being reused for 5 cycles, the adsorption and desorption efficiencies of Be(II) with GHPN are obtained to be more than 80 %, showing acceptable recycling performance. Both of the characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that the phosphate group, hydroxyl group, and amino group own the affinity to form stable complexes with Be(II). Benefiting from the introduction of phosphate and amino, the adsorption effect of the hydrogel adsorbent on Be(II) can be greatly improved, and surface precipitation, complexation, and ligand exchange are the dominant mechanisms of beryllium adsorption. The results suggest that GHPN has great potential to be utilized as an eco-friendly and useful adsorbent of Be(II) from aqueous solution. [Display omitted] • A novel porous hydrogel GHPN was prepared to remove Be(II) from aqueous solution for the first time. • The maximum adsorption capacity of Be(II) by GHPN was up to 43.75 mg/g. • Surface precipitation, complexation, and ligand exchange were dominant for the adsorption of Be(II) by GHPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) Si-based sodium ion microbatteries (SIMBs) are one of the most promising micro/nano power sources to meet the urgent demands of the micro/nano electromechanical system (M/NEMS) and the tiny smart semiconductor devices. Herein, the Sb electrode is firmly anchored on the 3D hierarchical Si/graphene supporting structure and embraces enhanced electrochemical performance when employed as anode for Si-based SIMBs. Both the enlarged surface area and the reduced electrons&ions transporting distance are beneficial to promote more Na ions reversibly and fast stored in the Sb active material. Moreover, the volume expansion of the Sb electrode during cycling can be well alleviated due to the enough space existed in the 3D micro/nanostructures, thus bring improved cycle life, which are verified from the post morphology characterizations. Systematical Na ion storage behaviors of the 3D Si/graphene/Sb (3D Si/Gr/Sb) microrod (MR) arrays electrode are investigated from the different scan rates of cyclic voltammetry (CV) results, ex-situ XRD/Raman tests, and first-principles theoretical calculations, which prove that the favorable kinetics in the 3D multilayer electrode configurations. Superb cycle stability of the as-constructed full battery of 3D Si/Gr/Sb||NaNiFeMnO 2 implies that the potential application of the 3D hierarchical electrode. Illustration of the promoted kinetics of the unique 3D Si/Graphene/Sb electrode. [Display omitted] • Attractive 3D Si/Gr/Sb anode for Na ion microbattery. • 3D graphene interlayer positively promotes the kinetics. • Improvement in hierarchical 3D Si/Gr/Sb electrode. • Systematic investigation on Na ion storage mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Summarizing the targeted AIE photosensitizers (PSs) and tumor microenvironment activated AIE PSs for enhancing the intraoperative safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT). • Discussing two-photon excitable AIE PSs for precise PDT with decreased side effects. • Reviewing the degradable AIE PSs, including the bio-degradable ones and self-degradable ones, for improving the postoperative safety of PDT. • Analyzing the challenges and opportunities confronted by safe PDT. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a powerful tool in tumor treatment due to its unique advantages of being minimally invasive and universally applicable. Photosensitizers (PSs) play a crucial role in PDT, and those with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have been developed to enhance fluorescence and improve photosensitization under physiological conditions for image-guided PDT. However, the non-specific distribution of PSs during PDT and their prolonged retention in the body after PDT can result in damage to normal tissues upon exposure to light, leading to the occurrence of severe side effects. Therefore, this review systematically summarized the latest advances in designing new AIE PSs to enhance the safety of PDT. In particular, some strategies of targeted PSs, responsive turn-on PSs, and two-photon excitable PSs to enhance the intraoperative safety, as well as the strategy of degradable PSs to enhance the postoperative safety were focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Mengku dacites, Lincang granites and diorites are spatially and temporally related. • The Triassic Mengku dacites is characterized by rejuvenation of the Lincang crystal mush. • The thermal input was supplied by mafic magma represented by the Lincang diorites. • Magmatic evolution was related to mantle upwelling in the post-collisional setting. The tectono-magmatic event of the Changning-Menglian Paleo-Tethys orogen is an important process for understanding the tectonic evolution of the SE Tibetan Plateau. This orogen is composed of Changning-Menglian suture, Lancang group, Lincang batholith, and Yunxian volcanics. The Lincang batholith and its volcanic counterparts are part of Triassic magmatism in this orogen. The botholith is composed of biotite monzogranite, granodiorite and diorite. The Middle to Late Triassic volcanics include Manghuai rhyolite, Xiaodingxi basalt and Mengku dacite. The Mengku dacite is volcanic dome in west of the batholith. Lincang biotite monzogranite and Mengku dacite have similar geochemistry and are characterized by negative ε Hf (t) values (–13.2 to –5.2) and ε Nd (t) values (–14.7 to –8.8), whereas diorite dikes within the Lincang batholith have slightly high ε Hf (t) values (–8.3 to –4.9) and ε Nd (t) values (–6.9 to –6.7). Manifestations of resorption textures in quartz and reverse compositional zoning in feldspars are recognized from Mengku dacite. We consider that Mengku dacites resemble the erupted Lincang biotite monzogranite as they occur in the same tectonic settings and have similar geochemical features and mineral assemblages dominated by plagioclase, alkali-feldspar, quartz, and biotite. The evolution of the Mengku dacite magma is characterized by the rejuvenation of crystal mush represented by the Lincang batholith. The required thermal input was supplied by mafic magma, represented by diorite dikes and enclaves within the Lincang batholith. The Middle to Late Triassic magmatic event in this orogen likely resulted from lithospheric delamination and upwelling of the asthenosphere in a post-collisional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Adipose tissues (AT) are an important endocrine organ that secretes various functional adipokines, peptides, non-coding RNAs, and acts on AT themselves or other distant tissues or organs through autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. An accumulating body of evidence has suggested that many adipokines play an important role in liver metabolism. Besides the traditional adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, many novel adipokines have recently been identified to have regulatory effects on the liver. Additionally, AT can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act on peripheral tissues. However, under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, dysregulation of adipokines is associated with functional changes in AT, which may cause liver diseases. In this review, we focus on the newly discovered adipokines and EVs secreted by AT and highlight their actions on the liver under the context of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and some other liver diseases. Clarifying the action of adipokines and adipose tissue-derived EVs on the liver would help to identify novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers for metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare-metal pegmatite represents the most differentiated magmatic system on earth, containing high concentrations of rare metals (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Ta, Nb, and Sn) and fluxing components. Recent studies have shown that the Himalayan leucogranite–pegmatite system has considerable potential for rare-metal mineralization. A new spodumene pegmatite-type Li deposit (Gabo) was recently discovered in the Lhozhag region of the eastern Himalaya. However, the lack of precise geochronological and isotopic constraints on the crystallization timing and chemical affinity between spodumene pegmatites and nearby leucogranite has precluded definitive statements on their petrogenetic link. In this study, systematic monazite, xenotime, and columbite group mineral U–(Th)–Pb dating and Li–Nd–Hf isotope analysis were performed on the spodumene pegmatite and nearby leucogranite (Lhozhag pluton). Columbite group mineral LA-ICP-MS U Pb dating of spodumene pegmatite indicates that the timing of lithium mineralization occurs at ca. 20–18 Ma, which is consistent with the magmatic crystallization age of the Lhozhag pluton (ca. 19 Ma) within the error margin, as constrained by monazite and xenotime U–(Th) Pb dating. The Nd Hf isotope analysis also indicates a chemical affinity between the Lhozhag pluton and spodumene pegmatite. Given the consistency in crystallization ages, Nd Hf isotopic compositions, and close field spatial relationship, the leucogranite probably represents the parent magma of spodumene pegmatites. The continuous evolutionary trend in the composition of spodumene pegmatites, as observed on the spodumene (Spd)– albite (Ab)–orthoclase (Or)–quartz (Qz)–H 2 O phase diagram, suggests that the enrichment of Li in pegmatite is result from fractional crystallization. Li isotopic analysis shows that the spodumene pegmatite has a δ7Li value of −2.5‰ to +3.3‰, slightly higher than that of the Lhozhag pluton (−2.4‰ to +1.0‰), providing additional support for their fractional crystallization links. These findings warrant a more comprehensive assessment of the lithium potential within the Himalayan orogenic belt. [Display omitted] • Lhozhag leucogranite pluton formed at ca. 19 Ma. • Gabo Spodumene pegmatites formed at ca. 20–18 Ma. • A genetic link between Lhozhag pluton and Gabo Spodumene pegmatites was revealed. • The spodumene pegmatites formed by multi-stage fractional crystallization from Lhozhag pluton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg 2 (Sn,Si) films with different Si content were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The phase composition, surface and cross-sectional morphology, chemical composition and element distribution, carrier concentration, carrier mobility, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor of the deposited Mg–Sn–Si films were studied. The results show that the deposited films are composed of Mg 2 (Sn,Si) solid solution phase and a small amount of metal Mg phase. The room temperature carrier concentration decreases and mobility increases with increasing Si content in deposited Mg–Sn–Si films, respectively. The room temperature electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient decreases and increases with increasing Si content, respectively. The deposited Mg 2 (Sn,Si) films with moderate Si content possess the maximum power factor value of 2.76 mW m−1 K−2 at 303 °C and its room temperature figure of merit reaches the highest value of 0.44. The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing Si content, indicating that the lattice distortion caused by Si doping can reduce the thermal conductivity of the deposited films. • The Mg 2 (Sn,Si) solid solution films with different Si content were prepared by magnetron sputtering. • The carrier concentration decreases and mobility increases with increasing Si content. • The Mg 2 (Sn,Si) films with moderate Si content possess the maximum PF value of 2.76 mW m−1 K−2 at 303 °C. • The lattice distortion caused by Si doping can reduce the thermal conductivity of the deposited films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A wider δ56Fe variation of pyrite was determined by in-situ analysis. • The most negative δ56Fe value of nature pyrite occurred in the Muping gold deposit. • Kinetic isotope fractionation occurred at Muping and has a significant impact on δ56Fe of pyrite. • Kinetic isotope effect ultimately has no obvious effect on source tracing of hydrothermal gold deposit. Pyrite has complicated iron isotope fractionation behavior in the hydrothermal condition. Here we present a detailed in-situ iron isotope analyses of different generation pyrite from the Muping gold deposit, eastern China. δ56Fe values of pyrite investigated range from −4.25‰ to +1.78‰, unlike previous bulk analytic data (−0.78‰ to +0.79‰). Iron isotopic homogeneity of single pyrite grain, which can be verified by in-situ analysis, was recommended as the preferred and reliable criterion to judge the isotopic fractionation condition in the hydrothermal gold deposit. Inter-grain variations in Fe isotopic composition suggest occurrence of both kinetic and equilibrium fractionation for pyrite at Muping. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis shows that the replacement likely occurred via dissolution-reprecipitation pathway. The replacement process resulted in obvious kinetic isotope effect, in which pyrites are possessed in extreme negative Fe isotopic composition (~−4‰). Maximum δ56Fe of pyrite up to +1.78‰ implied that kinetic isotopic effect also play a significant role in increasing the Fe isotopic composition of ore-forming fluids in the Muping gold deposit. Further model calculations suggested the kinetic isotopic effect was dominated by pyrite fast precipitation rather than pyrrhotite precipitation or pyrite precipitation via "FeS" pathway. This kinetic isotope effect ultimately will be partly or completely erased due to fast isotope exchange rate at medium–high temperature condition. Pyrite with homogeneous Fe isotopic composition can be used to trace iron source of hydrothermal gold deposit but be cautious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] With technical challenges and great opportunities, aqueous metal-sulfur batteries (AMSBs) are born in response to the great demand of growing electric vehicle industry. In this paper, the quantitative analysis on thermodynamic calculations of 316 systems is performed for AMSBs and 63 Eh-pH diagrams (Pourbaix-diagram) as the qualitative references are also presented, aiming to confirm the certainly technical barriers, to illustrate the working mechanisms, and to choose promising battery systems. On the basis of thermodynamic calculations, energy storage mechanism, energy density, standard electrode potential, specific capacity, volume changes of electrode materials, chemical stability of metal anodes, and chemical stability of discharge products in AMSBs are analyzed and discussed systematically. In addition, security risks, kinetic issues, and practical applications are discussed and the challenges from aqueous electrolyte are also analyzed to introduce AMSBs more comprehensively. Finally, some promising metal-sulfur systems are proposed according to the joint analysis of thermodynamic calculations and practical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CS aggravated airway inflammation and injury induced by OVA. • CS aggravated the destruction of TJs protein in lung tissues of OVA-induced asthmatic mice. • The increasing expression of TRPA1 caused by OVA+CS was related to the destruction of TJs and airway injury. The occurrence of asthma is closely related to environmental factors such as cigarette smoke (CS), one of the common risk factors. Environmental stimuli have the potential to activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and cause or aggravate asthma. The destruction of tight junctions (TJs) between airway epithelial cells by environmental stimuli in asthma has been researched. It is worth exploring whether CS can injury TJs and aggravate asthma by activating TRPA1. The objective of this study was to investigate the aggravation of CS on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma related phenotypes and TJs expression in mice, and to explore the relationship between TRPA1 and the expression of TJs protein. Female wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, induced by OVA, CS and OVA plus CS (OVA + CS) respectively, were used to establish a 42-day asthma model, and mice with TRPA1 knockout (TRPA1−/−) were treated in the same way. This study detected the number of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in BALF, enhanced pause (Penh) of lung function, pathological changes and the gene and protein expressions of TRPA1 and TJs (including ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-2) in lung tissues. Compared with normal saline (NS) group, WT mice in the OVA group and OVA + CS group were significantly higher in asthma related phenotypes. The WT-OVA + CS group also showed higher Penh value, levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and lung tissue injury scores when compared with the WT-OVA group and WT-CS group. However, WT-OVA + CS group mice had significantly larger number of neutrophils in BALF than the WT-OVA group, and had larger number of eosinophils in peripheral blood and higher levels of IL-4 in BALF than the WT-CS group. Meanwhile, compared with the WT-NS group, the expressions of TRPA1 and Claudin-2 in lung tissues increased in other three groups while their expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin decreased, among which, the WT-OVA + CS group showed more remarkable changes. Compared with the WT-OVA + CS group, mice in the TRPA1−/−-OVA + CS showed a significant decrease in the number of inflammatory cells, levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, Penh value and lung tissue injury score, and a downregulation of Claudin-2 expression while an upregulation of ZO-1 and Occludin expressions. In addition, the airway inflammation and injury, and the expressions of ZO-1, Occluding and Claudin-2 expressions were found with no statistic differences between TRPA1−/−-OVA group and TRPA1−/−-OVA + CS group. These results suggest that CS has aggravated the airway inflammation, pathological damage and destruction of TJs in airway epithelium of OVA-induced asthmatic mice, the processes of which are related to the increase of TRPA1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Outdoor visible greenness was assessed using a Green View Index (GVI) based on street view images through a convolutional neural network model. • Higher GVI surrounding the workplace is beneficial for adults to reduce the MetS risk. • The protective association was stronger in the males, but such difference was not observed in different age groups. • Higher GVI surrounding the workplace was associated with lower odds of hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, and high levels of FPG. Greenness surrounding residential places has been found to significantly reduce the risk of diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear whether visible greenness exposure at the workplace has any impact on the risk of MetS. Visible greenness exposure was assessed using a Green View Index (GVI) based on street view images through a convolutional neural network model. We utilized logistic regression to examine the cross-sectional association between GVI and MetS as well as its components among 51,552 adults aged 18–60 in the city of Hangzhou, China, from January 2018 to December 2021. Stratified analyses were conducted by age and sex groups. Furthermore, a scenario analysis was conducted to investigate the risks of having MetS among adults in different GVI scenarios. The mean age of the participants was 40.1, and 38.5% were women. We found a statistically significant association between GVI and having MetS. Compared to the lowest quartile of GVI, participants in the highest quartile of GVI had a 17% (95% CI: 11–23%) lower odds of having MetS. The protective association was stronger in the males, but we did not observe such differences in different age groups. Furthermore, we found inverse associations between GVI and the odds of hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, and high levels of FPG. Higher exposure to outdoor visible greenness in the workplace environment might have a protective effect against MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Understand Tα1 against SARS-CoV-2 infections at the level of single cell analysis. • Tα1 increase CD3+ KLRD1+ NKT, TBX21+ CD8+ NKT cell proportion in COVID-19 patients. • Tα1 stimulate the diversity of TCR clones in COVID-19 patients. The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a serious threat to global health. Thymosin α1 (Tα1) was considered to be applied in COVID-19 therapy. However, the data remains limited. Participants with or without Tα1 treatment were recruited. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and T cell receptor-sequencing (TCR-seq) of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were done to analyze immune features. The differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed to explore the mechanism of Tα1 therapy. 33 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals (COV) and 11 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. The proportion of CD3+ KLRD1+ NKT, TBX21+ CD8+ NKT was observed to increase in COVID-19 patients with Tα1 treatment (COVT) than those without Tα1 (COV) (p = 0.024; p = 0.010). These two clusters were also significantly higher in Health controls with Tα1 treatment (HCT) than those without Tα1 (HC) (p = 0.016; p = 0.031). Besides, a series of genes and pathways related to immune responses were significantly higher enriched in Tα1 groups TBX21+ CD8+ NKT, such as KLRB1, PRF1, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The increased TRBV9-TRBJ1-1 pair existed in both HCs and COVID-19 patients after Tα1 treatment. 1389 common complementarity determining region 3 nucleotides (CDR 3 nt) were found in COV and HC, while 0 CDR 3 nt was common in COVT and HCT. Tα1 increased CD3+ KLRD1+ NKT, TBX21+ CD8+ NKT cell proportion and stimulated the diversity of TCR clones in COVT and HCT. And Tα1 could regulate the expression of genes associated with NKT activation or cytotoxicity to promote NKT cells. These data support the use of Tα1 in COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several giant industrial-grade rare-metal deposits have been discovered in the Himalaya most recently. However, the mechanism of how rare-metals mineralization formed in the prototype of the collisional belt is poorly understood, mainly due to insufficient studies on mineralogy, petrology and emplacement conditions. In this study, we have reported the whole-rock and mineral compositions of spodumene pegmatites, leucogranite, skarns and P-T paths of metapelites from Lhozhag, eastern Himalaya. Four spodumene pegmatite veins were studied that are enriched in lithium, beryllium, cesium and tantalite (Li-Cs-Ta subtype), mainly hosted by minerals of spodumene, petalite, elbaite, lepidolite, zinnwaldite, and margarite. Li-Be margarite is first reported from the Himalaya, and its lithium and beryllium come from the breakdown of spodumene and beryl. The surrounding skarns are enriched in lithium, beryllium, and tin, mainly hosted by minerals of vesuvianite, scapolite and garnet. Petrography and P-T estimates from the andalusite-staurolite phyllites suggest two stages of metamorphism that earlier Barrovian metamorphism was superimposed by Buchan metamorphism at conditions of 3.1 ± 0.3 kbar and 535°C or 580°C (52–56°C/km) during leucogranite emplacement. Combined with zircon and monazite saturation temperatures and conditions of Buchan metamorphism, the leucogranites should have undergone a first-stage isothermal decompression to crystallization conditions at ∼3.1 kbar and 650–720°C and a second-stage isobaric cooling at ∼3.1 kbar. The pegmatite probably underwent a similar P-T evolution supported by the appearance of two-stage growth of spodumene (Spd-1 and Spd-2 + Qz), petalite corona around spodumene, and cymatolite. The leucogranites/pegmatites have emplaced into the surficial Tethyan Himalayan Sequence simultaneously, causing contact metamorphism, skarnization and undercooling, which may have facilitated rare-metals mineralization in the pegmatites and skarns during the emplacement stage. We suggest that the pegmatites and skarns in Lhozhag, eastern Himalaya have enormous potential for rare-metals exploration. [Display omitted] • Detailed mineralogy and petrology of the spodumene pegmatites in Lhozhag are presented. • Li-Be margarite is reported for the first time in the Himalaya. • Leucogranites/pegmatites emplaced into THS, causing contact metamorphism and undercooling. • P-T conditions of contact metamorphism were ∼ 3.1 kbar and 535–580°C. • Lhozhag in eastern Himalaya has enormous potential for rare-metals exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) in leafy vegetable is a matter of concern as they can be transferred from soil, atmosphere, and foliar sprays, and poses a potential risk to public health. While traditional disinfection technologies are effective in reducing the presence of ARGs and HPB in soil. A new technology, foliar spraying with magnetic biochar/quaternary ammonium salt (MBQ), was demonstrated and applied to the leaf surface. High-throughput quantitative PCR targeting 96 valid ARGs and 16 S rRNA sequencing were used to assess its efficacy in reducing ARGs and HPB. The results showed that spraying MBQ reduced 97.0 ± 0.81% of "high-risk ARGs", associated with seven classes of antibiotic resistance in pakchoi leaves within two weeks. Water washing could further reduce "high-risk ARGs" from pakchoi leaves by 19.8%− 24.6%. The relative abundance of HPB closely related to numerous ARGs was reduced by 15.2 ± 0.23% with MBQ application. Overall, this study identified the potential risk of ARGs from leafy vegetables and clarified the significant implications of MBQ application for human health as it offers a promising strategy for reducing ARGs and HPB in leafy vegetables. [Display omitted] • MBQ altered the dominant bacterial phyla of microbial community in pakchoi leaves. • MBQ reduced 97.0 ± 0.81% of "high-risk ARGs" in pakchoi leaves. • MBQ application reduced the abundance of HPB in pakchoi leaves by 15.2 ± 0.23%. • Water washing further reduced "high-risk ARGs" from pakchoi leaves by 24.6%− 19.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for treatment of various diseases, including atherosclerosis by clearing heat and detoxication. Geniposide is considered as the effective compounds responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis against atherosclerosis. To investigate the effect of geniposide on atherosclerosis burden and plaque macrophage polarization, with focus on its potential impact on CXCL14 expression by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). ApoE−/− mice fed a western diet (WD) were used to model atherosclerosis. In vitro cultures of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages were used for molecular assays. The results revealed that geniposide treatment reduced atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice, and this effect was correlated with increased M2 and decreased M1 polarization of plaque macrophages. Of note, geniposide increased the expression of CXCL14 in PVAT, and both the anti-atherosclerotic effect of geniposide, as well as its regulatory influence on macrophage polarization, were abrogated upon in vivo CXCL14 knockdown. In line with these findings, exposure to conditioned medium from geniposide-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (or to recombinant CXCL14 protein) enhanced M2 polarization in interleukin-4 (IL-4) treated RAW264.7 macrophages, and this effect was negated after CXCL14 silencing in 3T3-L1 cells. In summary, our findings suggest that geniposide protects ApoE−/- mice against WD-induced atherosclerosis by inducing M2 polarization of plaque macrophages via enhanced expression of CXCL14 in PVAT. These data provide novel insights into PVAT paracrine function in atherosclerosis and reaffirm geniposide as a therapeutic drug candidate for atherosclerosis treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) eradicates tumors via the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activation of a photosensitizer (PS) with appropriate light. Local PDT toward tumors can trigger the immune response to inhibit distant tumors, but the immune response is usually insufficient. Herein, we used a biocompatible herb polysaccharide with immunomodulatory activity as the carrier of PS to enhance the immune inhibition of tumors after PDT. The Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) is modified with hydrophobic cholesterol to serve as an amphiphilic carrier. The DOP itself can promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Meanwhile, TPA-3BCP are designed to be cationic aggregation-induced emission PS. The structure of one electron-donor linking to three electron-acceptors endows TPA-3BCP with high efficiency to produce ROS upon light irradiation. And the nanoparticles are designed with positively charged surfaces to capture antigens released after PDT, which can protect the antigens from degradation and improve the antigen-uptake efficiency by DCs. The combination of DOP-induced DC maturation and antigen capture-increased antigen-uptake efficiency by DCs significantly improves the immune response after DOP-based carrier-mediated PDT. Since DOP is extracted from the medicinal and edible Dendrobium officinale , the DOP-based carrier we designed is promising to be developed for enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy in clinic. The DOP@3BCP NPs exerted their therapeutic effect on colon cancer through PDT and dual immunity, that is, (1) direct activation of DC cells by Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide and (2) stimulation of ICD by NPs-captured antigens along with PDT to promote DC cell maturation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranium mining, smelting, and nuclear industries generate a considerable amount of wastewater containing uranium. To treat this wastewater effectively and inexpensively, a novel hydrogel material (cUiO-66/CA) was developed by co-immobilizing UiO-66 with calcium alginate and hydrothermal carbon. Batch tests were conducted to determine the optimal adsorption conditions for uranium using cUiO-66/CA, and the adsorption behavior was spontaneous and endothermic, confirming the quasi-second-order dynamics model and the Langmuir model. At a temperature of 308.15 K and pH = 4, the maximum adsorption capacity of uranium was 337.77 mg g−1. The surface appearance and interior structure of the material were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, and XRD techniques. The results indicated two possible uranium adsorption processes of cUiO-66/CA: (1) Ca2+ and UO 2 2+ ion exchange process and (2) coordination of uranyl ions with hydroxyl and carboxyl ions to form complexes. cUiO-66/CA exhibited strong selectivity for U (VI) in a multicomponent mixed solution and uranium-containing wastewater, with uranium removal rates of 99.03 % and 81.45 %, respectively. The hydrogel material demonstrated excellent acid resistance, and the uranium adsorption rate exceeded 98 % in the pH range of 3–8. Therefore, this study suggests that cUiO-66/CA has the potential to treat uranium-containing wastewater in a broad pH range. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edge computing can effectively provide a promising solution with ultra-low latency for a variety of user-oriented services in 5G and beyond networks. The existing studies, however, are unable to provide a flexible resource allocation strategy for various network slices with different user demands in edge computing. This paper proposes a new network slicing algorithm for cloud–edge collaboration hybrid computing (CECHC) in 5G and beyond networks. This algorithm designs a flexible and effective resource allocation strategy primarily for three network slices based on diversified requirements. Moreover, the CECHC model is designed with optimally distributed units (DUs) and centralized units (CUs) deployments to improve storage capability and computing power. This allows for more convenient function partitioning for different network slices. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a series of agent-based simulations are conducted in various network models. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm deployed in CECHC outperforms other network models, including fog computing (FC), multi-access edge computing (MEC), and the original CECHC models. It provides the lowest latency for various network slices and achieves all successful runs with different storage capabilities and computing power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granitoids, as a major component of the Earth's crust, have large K isotopic variations (δ41K = −1.0‰ to 0.4‰), but K isotope fractionation during granite differentiation is poorly constrained. Here, we examined K isotopic compositions of a suite of well-characterized crustal igneous rocks (quartz diorite, granodiorite and monzogranite) from the Tagong pluton, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The rocks display increasing δ41K in the following order: quartz diorite (δ41K = −0.798‰ to −0.538‰) < granodiorite (δ41K = −0.520‰ to −0.378‰) < monzonite granite (δ41K = −0.439‰ and − 0.436‰). The δ41K values are positively correlated with SiO 2 and K 2 O contents and negatively with MgO and Al 2 O 3 contents, indicating up to ∼0.42‰ fractionation during magmatic differentiation. Taking into account mineral assemblage, fractional crystallization of K-rich phases (mica and K-feldspar) likely plays a dominant role in K isotopic variation. In addition, mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) commonly occurring in granitoid rocks show comparable δ41K values (−0.489‰ to −0.416‰) to their corresponding host rocks, implying their schlieren origin. These features demonstrate that K isotope heterogeneity of the crust could have been induced by magma differentiation in addition to source control. • K isotope fractionation during granite differentiation. • Fractional crystallization probably controlled fractionation of K isotopes. • Schlieren origin of mafic microgranular enclaves from perspective of K isotopes. • Contribution of magma differentiation to K isotopic heterogeneity of the crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NH 4 V 4 O 10 nanobelts were prepared by the hydrothermal method. As a cathode material for aqueous nickel ion batteries, NH 4 V 4 O 10 provides a high capacity of 144 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and the capacity retention of 66 % after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1. [Display omitted] • The NH 4 V 4 O 10 nanobelts were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. • The NH 4 V 4 O 10 cathode was first used as a cathode for nickel ion batteries. • The excellent structure stability of the NH 4 V 4 O 10 improved the cycle performance. • The co-intercalation/extraction of Ni2+ and H 2 O process was first observed. Rechargeable aqueous nickel-ion batteries have been developed due to the high volumetric capacity, smaller ionic radius and high safety. However, it is limited by the cathode materials, which require a stable host structure due to the strong electrostatic interaction with Ni2+. Herein, a novel ammonium vanadate NH 4 V 4 O 10 as a cathode for aqueous nickel-ion batteries is reported. A high specific discharge capacity of 144 mAh g−1 can be obtained at a current density of 50 mA g−1, and a good capacity retention of about 66 % is achieved after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1. The NH 4 + in the host structure is irreversibly displaced by Ni2+, which is profit to improve the capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Printable silica aerogel ink configuration. • Gain silica aerogels with complex shapes by DIW. • Study the thermal insulation performance of silica aerogels with different types and contents of opacifiers at medium-high temperatures. Due to aerogel's network structure, specific surface area, and high porosity, SiO 2 aerogel has excellent thermal insulation and inferior mechanical properties. It is challenging to produce micro-objects and complex-shaped objects accurately by traditional manufacturing method because of the fragile mechanical properties. Here, we use 3D printing to fabricate SiO 2 aerogels. At the same time, we add opacifiers to reduce the aerogel's medium-high temperature thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the SiO 2 aerogel printed in the experiment is as low as 0.028 W/(m·K) at room temperature. The aerogel doped with 10 wt% SiC has the best thermal insulation at medium-high temperatures. And the 3D printed aerogel doped with 10 wt% SiC has a compression performance of 1.19 MPa, which is more than 10 times better than the usual aerogel. This paper provides a method for creating micro-objects and complex-shaped objects with excellent medium-high temperature thermal insulation using Direct Ink Writing (DIW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fufang E'jiao Jiang (FEJ) is a prominent traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which consists of Asini Corii Colla (Donkey-hide gelatin prepared by stewing and concentrating from the hide of Equus asinus Linnaeus., ACC) , Codonopsis Radix (the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., CR), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra (the steamed and dried root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., GRR), Crataegi Fructus (the mature fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge., CF), and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (the steamed and sun dried tuber of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey., RRP). It is a popularly used prescription for "nourishing Qi and nourishing blood". To explore the potential mechanism of FEJ on precancerous lesion of gastric cancer in rats by combining network pharmacology and metabolomics. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to identify the ingredients and potential targets of FEJ. GeneCards database was used to define PLGC-associated targets. We built a herb-component-disease-target network and analyzed the protein-protein interaction network. Underlying mechanisms were identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, 40% ethanol, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitroguanidine and irregular eating were used to establish PLGC rats model. We also evaluated the efficacy of FEJ on MNNG-induced PLGC rats by body weight, histopathology, blood routine and cytokine levels, while the predicted pathway was determined by the Western blot. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based serum non-targeted metabolomics was used to select potential biomarkers and relevant pathways for FEJ in the treatment of PLGC. Network pharmacology showed that FEJ exhibited anti-PLGC effects through regulating ALB, TNF, VEGFA, TP53, AKT1 and other targets, and the potential pathways mainly involved cancer-related, TNF, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, and other signaling pathways. Animal experiments illustrated that FEJ could suppress inflammation, regulate gastrointestinal hormones, and inhibit the expression of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway-related proteins. Based on serum non-targeted metabolomics analysis, 12 differential metabolites responding to FEJ treatment were identified, and metabolic pathway analysis showed that the role of FEJ was concentrated in 6 metabolic pathways. Based on network pharmacology, animal experiments and metabolomics, we found that FEJ might ameliorate gastric mucosal injury in PLGC rats by regulating gastrointestinal hormones and inhibiting inflammation, and its mechanism of action is related to the inhibition of excessive activation of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway and regulation of disorders of body energy metabolism. This comprehensive strategy also provided a reasonable way for unveiling the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways in Traditional Chinese Medicine. [Display omitted] • Network pharmacology was applied to identify the potential bioactive components in FEJ and predict its pathways in PLGC. • We evaluated the efficacy of FEJ on PLGC rats by animal experiment, and the predicted pathway was determined by the Western blot. • Metabolomics was used to monitor the changes of endogenous substances in PLGC rats after FEJ intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene networks are successfully fabricated on nickel (Ni) foam by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Amorphous Ge layer is then deposited on the 3D graphene supporting skeleton via the facile radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) method. The Ge decorated on the 3D graphene (3D Ge@Gr) networks deliver improved electrochemical performance when employed as anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which is obvious superior than the two dimensional Ge nanoelectrode directly coated on the bare Ni foam (2D Ge). Significantly enhanced electrochemical cyclability upon 1500 long-term cycles under the higher current density of 1.2 mA cm−2 is accomplished in the optimized 3D Ge@Gr hybrid electrode. The interconnected 3D graphene with enlarge surface area can not only effectively provide enough space to buffer the volume change of the Ge anode during cycling, but also bring improved electrical/ionic conductivity to promote the electrochemical kinetics, thus eventually bring superb stable cyclability. [Display omitted] • Successful construction of 3D interconnected graphene interlayer. • Novel binder-free 3D Ge@Gr composites for Li ion battery. • Improvement in cyclability in 3D Ge@Gr composites anode. • Systematic investigations in Li ions storage behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical knowledge reasoning provides a new perspective for intelligent diagnosis and therapy. This study constructs a multi-relational medicine-attribute network, which refers to three different types of relationships: inter-medicine, inter-attribute, and medicine-attribute. Then, a multi-relation-based graph attention network (GAT) model combined with the spectral clustering (SC) algorithm, termed MGAT-SC, is presented to train the medicine embeddings and explore the regularity of medicine combinations. Based on real-world clinical data, the GAT model realizes the information aggregation of neighbor nodes and generates the embeddings of medicines and their attributes via a multi-head attention mechanism. Then, the SC method is utilized to divide the medicines and their embeddings. We design and conduct a series of experiments to verify the model's performance. The experimental results show that the MGAT-SC outperforms the representative baselines and their variants in terms of five evaluation metrics and achieves around 6. 0 % improvement in accuracy compared to the SC algorithm. [Display omitted] • A MGAT-SC is proposed to investigate the complex relations underlying medicines. • MGAT-SC aggregates neighbor nodes' information for medicine embedding learning. • This algorithm can effectively explore the regularity of medicine combinations. • It can provide theoretical support for clinical knowledge reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a locally observable robot pathfinding algorithm, conflict-based search with D* lite (CBS-D*), to realize automatic and effective pathfinding in mixed environments with dynamic obstacles. This algorithm takes Manhattan distance as the heuristic function and extends the incremental search range from 1 o r d e r to 3 o r d e r neighbors. It presents a prejudgment mechanism of collision avoidance and investigates a wait and circuity strategy to promote pathfinding performance. Compared with the D* lite, the experimental results demonstrate that CBS-D* achieves a higher success rate and obstacle avoidance number, and a lower time step. By this collision avoidance mechanism, CBS-D* gives all successes in pathfinding in various dynamic environments, while D* lite may result in some failures. Specifically, CBS-D* has around 31% in the average success rate of pathfinding improved to D* lite in a 32 × 32 map. Furthermore, CBS-D* gives a superiority of self-adaptability and intelligence in unknown dynamic environments. [Display omitted] • A CBS-D* algorithm is presented for robot path planning in unknown environments. • This algorithm extends the incremental search range from 1order to 3order neighbors. • A collision avoidance mechanism and a wait and circuity strategy are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cascade extraction of lithium and transition metals from the spent LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM) batteries are achieved. • A synergistic roasting process is proposed based on the synergy between self-reduction of graphite anode and Na 2 SO 4 roasting. • The mechanism on the phase transformation of the valuable metals is elucidated. • The process provides a friendly way to utilize Na 2 SO 4 by-products generated from the lithium battery industry. A novel process was developed for the selective extraction of Li and efficient leaching of transition metals (TMs) from spent LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM) batteries coupled with the synergistic disposal of Na 2 SO 4 byproducts generated from lithium battery industry. The NCM cathode was transformed into water-soluble LiNaSO 4 and acid-dissolved divalent oxides of (NiO) m (MnO) n and CoO based on the synergy between self-reduction of graphite anode and Na 2 SO 4 roasting. >85% Li was selectively extracted from the roasted product by water leaching. Subsequently, >95% Ni, >99% Mn and >99% Co were leached by H 2 SO 4 solution without additional reductant. During the self-reduction roasting of graphite anode, the addition of Na 2 SO 4 transformed Li from Li 2 CO 3 to LiNaSO 4 with higher solubility and also prevented the overreduction of Ni and Co oxides to the metallic states, which are prone to the deterioration of their acid leaching performance. Through the precise regulation of NCM phases during the synergistic roasting process, the efficient cascade extraction of Li and TMs from spent NCM batteries was realized, and a new way for the comprehensive utilization of the Na 2 SO 4 byproducts was determined. Moreover, the emission of toxic gases SO 2 and NO x generated in the acid roasting was avoided. The proposed process obeys the principles of circular economy and green chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-performance tracking of BEVs in living systems has been realized with an AIEgen. • The probe can illuminate BEVs and shows remarkable merits over traditional methods. • The spatial and temporal distributions of BEVs within host can be clearly visualized. The nano-sized, membrane-enclosed bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) released by bacteria are now regarded as important mediators involved in various physiological and pathological processes of human. To elucidate their roles in bacteria-to-host communication, methods for visualizing and tracking of these nano-vesicles are crucial, but ideal means are lacking currently. In this work, we report the development of a bioprobe, DPASP, for BEV bioimaging with superior performance. DPASP can target BEVs with boosted fluorescence due to its aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attribute, which allows BEV labeling with a high signal-to-background ratio. For BEV imaging, DPASP outperforms the commercial dyes in terms of labeling efficiency, retention time, photostability, and biocompatibility. The applications of DPASP in studying the spatial and temporal distributions of E. coli -derived BEVs within living cells and mice were also demonstrated. The approach developed here provides a valuable tool to better understand the roles of BEVs in health and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-performance tracking of BEVs in living systems has been realized with an AIEgen. • The probe can illuminate BEVs and shows remarkable merits over traditional methods. • The spatial and temporal distributions of BEVs within host can be clearly visualized. The nano-sized, membrane-enclosed bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) released by bacteria are now regarded as important mediators involved in various physiological and pathological processes of human. To elucidate their roles in bacteria-to-host communication, methods for visualizing and tracking of these nano-vesicles are crucial, but ideal means are lacking currently. In this work, we report the development of a bioprobe, DPASP, for BEV bioimaging with superior performance. DPASP can target BEVs with boosted fluorescence due to its aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attribute, which allows BEV labeling with a high signal-to-background ratio. For BEV imaging, DPASP outperforms the commercial dyes in terms of labeling efficiency, retention time, photostability, and biocompatibility. The applications of DPASP in studying the spatial and temporal distributions of E. coli -derived BEVs within living cells and mice were also demonstrated. The approach developed here provides a valuable tool to better understand the roles of BEVs in health and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAb) is an indispensable reference for evaluating the acquired protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we established an ultrabright nanoparticles-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for one-step rapid semi-quantitative detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAb in vaccinee's serum. Once embedded in polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen, AIE 490 , exhibited ultrabright fluorescence due to the rigidity of PS and severe inhibition of intramolecular motions. The ultrabright AIE 490 -PS nanoparticle was used as a fluorescent marker of LFIA. Upon optimized conditions including incubation time, concentrations of coated proteins and conjugated nanoparticles, amounts of antigens modified on the surface of nanoparticles, dilution rate of serum samples, and so on, the ultrabright nanoparticles-based LFIA could accurately identify 70 negative samples and 63 positive samples from human serum (p < 0.0001). The intra- and inter-assay precisions of the established method are above 13% and 16%, respectively. The established LFIA has tremendous practical value of generalization as a rapid semi-quantitative detection method of anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAb. Meanwhile, the AIE 490 -PS nanoparticle is also promising to detect many other analytes by altering the protein on the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing resistance among fungi to antimicrobials are posing global threats to health. Early treatment with appropriate antifungal drugs guided by the antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) can dramatically reduce the mortality of severe fungal infections. However, the long test time (24–48 h) of the standard AFSTs cannot provide timely results due to the slow growth of the pathogen. Herein, we report a new AFST that is independent of growth rate analysis using a luminogen with aggregation-induced emission characteristics (AIEgen) named DMASP. DMASP is a water-soluble small-molecule probe that can readily penetrate the dense fungal cell wall. Based on its mitochondria-targeting ability and AIE characteristics, fungal activity can be dynamically indicated via real-time fluorescence monitoring. This allows fungal susceptibility to various antimicrobials to be assessed within 12 h in a wash-free, one-step manner. This method may serve as a promising tool to rapidly detect possible drug-resistant fungal strain and guide the precise use of antimicrobial against fungal diseases. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Simultaneously in-situ Fe-S isotopes analytical technique was firstly applied. • Formation of pyrite with core-rim texture via dissolved-reprecipitation pathway. • Fe-S isotopes of pyrite all can be modified during fluid alteration. • Fe isotope has an obvious kinetic effect during fluid alteration. Pyrite is an excellent archive for understanding geochemical behaviors of elements and isotopes in the course of ore formation. Here we present a combined textural-geochemical characterization of gold-related pyrites from the Muping deposit of Jiaodong gold province. Element mapping reveals core-rim texture, with the core being enriched in Pb, Ag, Cu, and Sn, whereas the rims in Au and As. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis shows consistent crystallographic orientation for both core and rim in pyrite. Simultaneous in-situ isotopic measurements unravel a coupled variation in Fe-S isotopes during pyrite growth and modification. We interpret the core-rim texture as an indication of coupled dissolution-reprecipitation, where the cores precipitated from an initial fluid, and then dissolved and overgrown in response to cooling and oxidizing conditions. During this process, Pb, Ag, Cu, and Sn migrated out from the rims. Instead, Au were locked in the rims with the aid of As in the fluids. It is supposed that a variation of temperature and oxygen fugacity led to the disparity of Fe-S isotope of pyrite cores. Kinetic fractionation might account for the dispersion of Fe-S isotopic compositions of rims. The rims have relatively homogeneous S isotope composition. However, the variation of the Fe isotope of the rims was derived from different degrees of isotope exchange, suggesting that Fe isotope did not equilibrate with the mineralizing fluid. The different fractionation behavior of Fe-S isotopes in pyrite during fluid modification has a significant implication for reconstructing precipitation environment and tracing sources of ore-forming fluid and mineralization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeromonas hydrophila can threaten the survival of freshwater fish. In this study, A. hydrophila challenge could induce tissue damage, promote antioxidant imbalance as well as alter the transcript levels of oxidative stress indicators, apoptotic genes and metabolic enzyme genes in kidney of red crucian carp (RCC). Metabolomics analysis revealed that A. hydrophila challenge had a profound effect on amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, we further identified dipeptides, fatty acid derivatives, cortisol, choline and tetrahydrocortisone as crucial biomarkers in kidney of RCC subjected to A. hydrophila infection. These results highlighted the importance of metabolic strategy against bacterial infection. [Display omitted] • Acute A. hydrophila infection could induce tissue damage in kidney of RCC. • Decreased level of antioxidant status was observed in kidney of RCC following A. hydrophila challenge. • hydrophila infection could decrease levels of dipeptides and fatty acid derivatives in kidney of RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]