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A straightforward and economical synthetic route for the preparation of cholesterol was developed from plant origin bisnoralcohol. [Display omitted] • Plant-derived cholesterol was synthesized from bisnoralcohol. • This promising route for production of cholesterol has a high overall yield. • The epicholesteorl and cholestanol were also synthesized. Currently, the market demand of the non-animal-derived cholesterol is increasing. A novel synthetic route of producing cholesterol was developed through multiple reactions from plant-sourced and commercially available bisnoralcohol (BA). The key reaction conditions, including solvents, reaction temperatures, bases and reducing agents of the route were investigated and optimized. In this straightforward synthetic pathway of cholesterol, most of the reaction steps possess high conversions with average yields of 94%, and the overall yield is up to 74% (5 steps) from the BA. The epicholesterol and were also synthesized. This promising route offers economical and efficient strategies for potential large-scale production of plant-derived cholesterol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that adding active oxygen scavengers to edible coatings can maintain the storage quality and commercial value of postharvest fruit. In this research, the effect of a chitosan-based edible coating containing ascorbic acid (CH, 1% + AA, 1%) on Annona squamosa at storage conditions of 15 ± 1 °C was investigated for twelve days. The results showed that CH+AA could delay the decrease of firmness, appearance deterioration, weight loss, and accumulation of MDA content during the storage of Annona squamosa. The CH+AA composite coating also delayed the deterioration of quality by maintaining high titratable acidity, moisture content and antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, CH+AA inhibited the softening of fruit by regulating the activities of cell wall degrading enzymes and their gene expression levels. In conclusion, the CH+AA composite coating can keep the quality of Annona squamosa stored after harvesting. [Display omitted] • CH+AA coating was better than that of single chitosan coating. • CH+AA coating can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of Annona squamosa. • CH+AA coating was significant influence in gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol de novo biosynthesis and its degradation may bring therapeutic benefits for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Before, we disclosed compound HMG499 as a potent HMGCR degrader, which could be a promising agent for treating CVD, however its side-effect of promoting cholesterol accumulation in cells should be eliminated before progression. Herein, a series of novel heterocyclic ring-fused analogs of HMG499 were synthesized and investigated for their activities of stimulating HMGCR degradation using a HMGCR (TM1-8)-GFP reporting system. Among them, the most active compound 29 (QH536) showed an EC 50 of 0.22 μΜ in promoting HMGCR degradation, which was about 2 times more potent than HMG499 (EC 50 = 0.43 μM). Interestingly, 29 was different from HMG499, it had no side-effect of inducing cholesterol accumulation in cells. Mechanistic studies disclosed that 29 could significantly decrease statin-induced accumulation of HMGCR protein via ubiquitination and degradation of HMGCR through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis in cells. Therefore, these heterocyclic ring-fused analogs could be used as promising leads for the development of new types of agents against CVD. Furthermore, 29 also lowered cholesterol levels and suppressed TGFβ1-induced proliferation of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, 29 not only decreased the NASH associated fibrotic mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, TIMP1 and TGFβ1 but also suppressed cholesterol levels and inflammatory genes of TNF-α, IL-6 an IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, indicating that 29 may bring therapeutic benefit to treat NASH. A series of heterocyclic ring-fused analogs of HMG499 were synthesized and their activities of promoting HMG-CoA reductase degradation and side-effects of inducing cholesterol accumulation in cells were evaluated. [Display omitted] • A series of novel heterocyclic ring-fused analogs of HMG499 were synthesized. • The activities of promoting HMGCR degradation of these analogs were evaluated. • Compound 29 is the most potent HMGCR degrader. • Compound 29 possessed no side-effect of inducing cholesterol accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]