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Introduction: Matching the maxillomandibular basal bone width is essential to the stability of orthodontic treatment. We aimed to determine the relationship between basal bone width mismatching and the vertical and sagittal skeletal pattern in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion through shape analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM).Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images were collected from 45 men and 51 women. Width mismatching of the basal bone was determined using generalized Procrustes analysis. Twenty-two parameters from the synthesized cephalogram were measured, followed by factor analysis and SEM.Results: Mismatch occurred at the second molar (men, -4.29 ± 4.32 mm; women, -5.55 ± 4.43 mm) and retromolar regions (men, -8.49 ± 5.11 mm; women: -8.93 ± 5.25 mm). The sum of angles had the largest loading for vertical-1 (extracted from 18 vertical cephalometric measurements) (men, 0.9477; women, 0.9489), followed by MP-SN angle (0.9408) in men and N-Me/S-Go (0.9342) in women. Wits appraisal and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator were largest for Sagittal-1. SEM showed a positive effect of male vertical-1 and 2 on width difference in the retromolar region (P <0.001; B >0). Female vertical-1 had a significant positive effect on DW7 (P <0.001; B = 5.535) and DWR (P = 0.016; B = 3.427) as vertical-2. Sagittal-1 showed a negative correlation with DW7 in both genders (P <0.05; B <0) and with DWR in men.Conclusions: Basal bone width mismatching occurred at the second molar and retromolar regions, especially in low-angle and patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural indicators (anthocyanins and betacyanins) were mixed in different volumetric ratios (3:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3 and 1:3) and used for the preparation of κ-carrageenan-based pH-sensing films. Anthocyanins and betacyanins were fixed into films by hydrogen bond, which changed the spatial structure of the κ-carrageenan films. Betacyanins reduced the crystallinity of κ-carrageenan films while anthocyanin had little effect on the crystallinity of the films. Betacyanins significantly improved the thermal stability of the film, while anthocyanins had little effect on it. In addition, anthocyanins and betacyanins significantly improved the oxidation resistance, water vapor permeability, ammonia sensitivity and UV shielding performance of the films. The complex films showed good color stability. It monitored the physical and chemical indexes of pork during storage, and measured the color change of indicator film during this process. Results showed that the color change of the film containing anthocyanins/betacyanins mixture in the volume ratio of 3:1 was the most significant with the pork spoilage. According to the correlation analysis and principal component analysis, total color differences(ΔE) can indicate the freshness of pork. Therefore, the pH sensing film prepared by us provides a reference for the freshness indication of pork. [Display omitted] • Six different k -carrageenan films were combined with anthocyanins, betacyanins and their mixed dyes. • The film showed high pH-sensitive property and gas sensing properties. • The film exhibits UV-blocking ability and antioxidant behaviors. • The film realized real-time pork freshness detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qingzhuan tea (QZT) is classified as compressed dark tea and has been an essential daily commodity for ethnic minority communities in China's border areas. It boasts unique flavor characteristics and health benefits, captivating the attention of consumers both domestically and internationally. However, the QZT industry's historical closed nature and lengthy processing cycle have impeded a comprehensive scientific understanding and evaluation of this tea, as well as hindered the overall healthy development of the industry. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on QZT, covering defluoridation techniques, processing technology, flavor characteristics, chemical composition, microbial communities, health benefits, and their underlying mechanisms. A technology system aimed at reducing fluoride levels in tea, known as "appropriate fertilization-selection of low-fluorine tea tree varieties-control of raw material tenderness and growing period," has been proposed. Through the implementation of specific processing techniques, QZT exhibiting an orange-red infusion color, a mellow taste, and an aged aroma. During the key pile fermentation process, microorganisms release extracellular enzymes that initiate enzymatic and moist heat reactions, resulting in oxidation, hydrolysis, polymerization, and secondary metabolic conversions. These reactions serve as the underlying foundation for the distinctive sensory attributes of QZT. The regulation of microorganisms plays a vital role in attaining the desired flavor of QZT. Moreover, QZT encompasses a diverse array of bioactive constituents, which offer numerous health advantages such as antioxidative properties, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects, modulation of the intestinal microbiota, and alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver. • A systematic approach to reduce fluoride in tea is proposed. • Specific techniques are used to create Qingzhuan tea (QZT) with vibrant color, taste and aroma. • The role of microorganisms in developing QZT's sensory traits is revealed. • Diverse bioactive compounds in QZT for health benefits are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Improving the rate of polyp detection is an important measure to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). Real-time automatic polyp detection systems, through deep learning methods, can learn and perform specific endoscopic tasks previously performed by endoscopists. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a high-performance, real-time automatic polyp detection system could improve the polyp detection rate (PDR) in the actual clinical environment. Methods: The selected patients underwent same-day, back-to-back colonoscopies in a random order, with either traditional colonoscopy or artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy performed first by different experienced endoscopists (> 3000 colonoscopies). The primary outcome was the PDR. It was registered with clinicaltrials.gov. (NCT047126265). Results: In this study, we randomized 150 patients. The AI system significantly increased the PDR (34.0% vs 38.7%, p < 0.001). In addition, AI-assisted colonoscopy increased the detection of polyps smaller than 6 mm (69 vs 91, p < 0.001), but no difference was found with regard to larger lesions. Conclusions: A real-time automatic polyp detection system can increase the PDR, primarily for diminutive polyps. However, a larger sample size is still needed in the follow-up study to further verify this conclusion. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT047126265 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The northwest of China is experiencing a severe water deficit and salinization of the land. Pentaerythritol diacrylate (PEDA) was developed as a new cross-linking agent, and Polyacrylic acid/ Pentaerythritol diacrylate (PAA/PEDA) was created by free radical polymerization utilizing acrylic acid as the monomer, to enhance the water retention and salt isolation qualities of soil. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to determine the structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the improved SPA. Under ideal synthesis circumstances, the water absorbency of SPA in deionized water, tap water, and NaCl solution (0.9 wt%) was 501 g/g, 150 g/g, and 58 g/g, respectively. The water retention, reswelling, fertilizer retentio, anti-leakage, and salt isolation properties of PAA/PEDA at different temperatures under optimal conditions were investigated. The results showed that the PAA/PEDA material had the best water retention at room temperature; the addition of 0.8% PAA/PEDA material reduced the water infiltration rate by 86% compared with the blank control group; The addition of 0.4% PAA/PEDA material showed a lower salinity trend than the control, and the PAA/PEDA material had a hindering effect on the upward movement of salts in the soil. [Display omitted] • A new cross-linking agent was prepared to synthesize a low-cost, environmentally friendly, super absorbent polymer. • The material interacts with the functional groups in laterite such that water cannot penetrate deeply. • The material can effectively inhibit the upward migration of salts. • The material exhibits excellent fertilizer holding properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rejuvenated asphalt binders were subjected to re-aging. • The properties of the rejuvenated asphalt binders change rapidly first and slowly later. • More dosage of rejuvenator exhibited more obvious effects on the aging rheological behavior. • Aged asphalt binder was less affected by re-aging. The use of rejuvenator can potentially restore original properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials to achieve the purpose of reuse, but less attention has been paid to the aging properties of rejuvenated asphalt binders. In this study, original asphalt binder, aged binder and the rejuvenated binders with 3 %, 6 %, and 9 % of rejuvenator by total weight of binder were prepared first. Then the five rejuvenated binders were subjected to the oven aging. Based on the results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Dynamic Shear Rheometer, the chemical and rheological properties of the five binders were investigated due to re-aging. It is showed that the of carbonyl index of the rejuvenated binders and original binder increase rapidly during the fast-aging state and then slowly during the constant-aging state, while aged binder increases approximately linearly. The rheological properties indexes such as complex shear modulus, phase angle δ, crossover frequency, crossover modulus, rheological index, G-R parameter and rutting factor of the five binders were determined, and the variation of these indexes are similar or opposite to carbonyl index during aging. Aging performances of the five binders were investigated using the oven aging indexes. It is showed the rejuvenated binders with more dosage of rejuvenator have faster aging rate and more obvious effects on the aging rheological behavior. The rheological properties of the aged binder are less affected by the re-aging. Among the rheological property indexes, the G-R-based oven aging index is most susceptible to the re-aging. There are some certain close relationships between the chemical property change and rheological property evolution during re-aging for the five binders, without considering the aging times and the dosage of rejuvenator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-support interaction (MSI) has been widely recognized to be playing a pivotal role in regulating heterogeneous catalytic activity. In this work, Rh-Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 (Rh-CZ) interaction was fine-adjusted by atmosphere heat induction technology, and the effects of induction factors on MSI and catalytic performance were systematically and deeply studied. The structure-activity relationship results showed that diverse atmospheres induced significantly different Rh microchemical states and MSI, thus resulting catalytic activity varies widely. H 2 -induced can not only obtain more suitable MSI, but also make Rh species in a highly active state (smaller particle size and lower valence state), which can prompt Rh more evenly dispersed on the surface of CZ and expose more active sites, and facilitate the activation and adsorption of reactants, thus showing better catalytic activity. Rh/CZ-H 2 presented a 30–50 °C reduction in light-off temperature for the reactants and a wider air-fuel ratio window, and still showed the best catalytic activity even after aging. Meanwhile, the strong MSI constructed after air-induced prevented the sintering of Rh species and maintained the catalytic activity of Rh/CZ-Air after aging (no decrease in activity). In addition, Rh/CZ-N 2 produced by N 2 -induced lost the protection of Rh-CZ MSI and resulted in larger Rh particle size before and after aging, so the number of active sites over Rh/CZ-N 2 decreased significantly, and the activity and stability were the worst. This study provides an insightful understanding of MSI modulation and its influence mechanism on catalytic performance, as well as provides a reference for industrial applications. • Rh-Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 interaction (Rh-CZ MSI) was fine-adjusted by atmosphere heat induction technology. • Diverse atmospheres induced significantly different Rh microchemical states, MSI, and activity. • Rh/CZ induced by H 2 presented a 30–50 °C reduction in light-off temperature for the reactants. • Strong MSI from Air induction favors high-temperature stability but not the low-temperature activity. • NO reduction reaction depends on Rh0 content and Rh species particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing global installation of photovoltaic panels and more complex functionalities of smart electronic devices, a fundamental problem in photovoltaic conversion and electronic device operation is massive heat generation, which severely reduces energy utilization efficiency and service life. Herein, we proposed a self-powered thermal management strategy integrating metal-organic framework (MOF) and liquid-gas phase change hydrogel ((Poly (vinyl alcohol)/CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O, PVA/CH), which is much beyond traditional solid-liquid phase change materials in phase change enthalpy. Benefiting from the self-adaptive capability of MOF, MOF@PVA/CH bilayer was capable of efficiently evaporating water molecules with a rate of ∼0.90 kg m−2 h−1 at higher temperature and capturing water molecules with a rate of 0.21 g g−1 from the surrounding humid air at lower temperature for self-regeneration. Specifically, this self-adaptive passive cooling strategy tremendously boosted the thermal management efficiency of the simulative heater, and reduced the surface temperature of solar cell by 18 ℃. Our proposed approach provides a promising reference for achieving high cooling efficiency, low-energy consumption, and self-powered thermal management for thermo-related devices. [Display omitted] • A self-powered high-enthalpy thermal management strategy was proposed that integrated MOF and phase change hydrogel. • This MOF/phase change hydrogel bilayer with significant enhanced evaporative cooling capability was applied to solar cell. • The bilayer achieved self-regenerative reversible absorption-evaporation cycles in high temperature and low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic acid contaminated wastewater has been of great concerns for water recovery. Base-functionalized metal−organic framework DETA-UiO-66 by grafting diethylenetriamine onto UiO-66 achieved remarkable H 2 -FA capacity with large adsorption rate compared with parent UiO-66 and sulfonate-functionalized SO 3 H-UiO-66. According to the adsorption behavior at various p Hs, an adsorption mechanism was proposed involving the acid–base interaction and weak electrostatic interaction. Further investigation including adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, demonstrated that the H 2 -FA adsorption process on DETA-UiO-66 was a spontaneous exothermic process with a theoretical adsorption capacity reaching up to 561.8 mg g−1 at 10 °C. In addition, DETA-UiO-66 can be recovered through simple ethanol washing and reused for at least three times, remaining high adsorption capacity and adsorption rate. Meanwhile, DETA-UiO-66 showed high adsorption capacities for citric acid and sorbic acid, indicating DETA-UiO-66's wide potentials in capturing various organic acid pollutants. [Display omitted] • The amino-functionalized material DETA-UiO-66 was first synthesized by grafting diethylenetriamine onto robust UiO-66 via post-synthetic modification. • DETA-functionalized materials were applied to the adsorptive removal of organic acid pollutants, showing excellent adsorption performance. • Superior performance was observed on the DETA-UiO-66 prepared with high thermal stability proved by the TGA curve and excellent chemical resistance after immersion in acidic and basic solutions. • Adsorption mechanism was proposed involving the dominant acid-base interaction and weak electrostatic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginger, one of the most widely consumed condiment for various foods and beverages, has many pharmacological effects. 6-gingerol, a naturally occurring phenol, is one of the major pungent constituents of ginger. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of 6-gingerol on the p38/Nrf2/HO-1 and p38/NF-κB signaling pathway, as a possible means of combating hypoxia-related oxidative stress. H9c2 cells were chemically induced with CoCl 2 to mimic hypoxia-associated cellular damage. Cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. Reactive oxygen species production was assessed by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The antioxidative property of 6-gingerol was measured by estimating the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and glutathione disulfide. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC-propidium iodide double staining. Western blotting was used to evaluate levels of p-p38, p38, cytoplasm p65, nuclear p65, total p65, nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2, Keap1, HIF-1α, and HO-1. 6-gingerol was able to counter hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury as evidenced by inhibiting the levels of oxidative stress indexes and increasing the percentage of apoptosis. Furthermore, 6-gingerol was able to down-regulate p-p38/p38, nuclear p65, total p65 and Keap1 expression induced by CoCl 2 stimulation and increased cytoplasm p65, nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2, HO-1, and HIF-1α expression. However, treatment with specific Nrf2 inhibitor blunted the activation of Nrf2 signaling and removed the protective effects of 6-gingerol. These experiments provide evidence that 6-gingerol exerts cytoprotective effects, which may be associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, potentially through activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the p38/NF-κB pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Changes in characteristic aroma-active compounds occur during processing at an industrial scale. • Pile fermentation increases the proportion of olefinic aldehyde compounds. • Methoxybenzene compounds formed during pile fermentation were weakened by aging. • Olefinic aldehydes, ketones, and methoxybenzenes were the characteristic volatiles of aged fragrances. Changes in key odorants and aroma profiles of Qingzhuan tea (QZT) during its manufacture were determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry. An aroma profile was constructed to illustrate sensory changes during manufacture. The characteristic aroma of QZT was aged fragrance, which was mostly developed during pile fermentation and was enhanced during the aging and drying stages. Using volatile compounds found in the raw materials, sun-dried green tea and QZT finished product were compared by orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis. Among 108 detected volatiles, 19 were significantly upregulated and 15 were downregulated. (E)-β-Ionone, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, 1-octen-3-one, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, safranal, (E)-2-nonenal, α-ionone, and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene were found to be significant contributors to the aged QZT fragrance, reflecting their high odor-activity values and aroma intensities. Finally, the metabolic transformation of key aroma-active compounds was systematically analyzed. This study provided a theoretical basis for improving the processing and quality of QZT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Kaempferol prevents the development of NAFLD. • Kaempferol potentially suppresses inflammatory responses. • Kaempferol inhibits the nuclear transcriptional activity of NF-κB. • Kaempferol prevents the development of NAFLD by targeting multiple targets. Currently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and more functional foods are needed for NAFLD prevention and treatment. Kaempferol can be obtained from tea, broccoli, propolis, grapefruit and other green plants. However, relatively systematic studies concerning the preventative effects of kaempferol against NAFLD are lacking. In this study, using network pharmacological methods, we found that kaempferol could prevent the development of NAFLD by targeting multiple targets; for instance, kaempferol suppressed inflammation, improved insulin resistance and reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, we confirmed that kaempferol could suppress inflammatory responses and prevent the development of NAFLD in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the nuclear transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Our study supports the use of kaempferol as a functional food or dietary supplement for NAFLD prevention and treatment. In addition, this study could be beneficial for understanding the anti-NAFLD mechanism of many other flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the combination of octahedral Zn 2 SnO 4 with the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is pioneered for the efficient detection of triethylamine. CQDs-modified Zn 2 SnO 4 materials were synthesized to perform rapid detection of trace triethylamine present in air. In the gas test, the optimal composite's response value to triethylamine is 600% higher than the value of the original Zn 2 SnO 4 to triethylamine, and the tendency of selective to triethylamine is more than ten times than other kinds of gases and possesses a short response/recovery times of 18 s/29 s. The exceptional properties of the composite are attributed to the superb electron transport capacity brought by the modification of 5 nm carbon quantum dots. The novel material will solve the issues of slow reaction time and low response of previous materials in detecting triethylamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Childhood emotional neglect is a risk factor of adolescent depression. • Maladaptive self-cognition is a potential explanatory factor underlying this relation. • Friendship quality plays a moderating role, with the effect being stronger for adolescents with lower levels of friendship quality. It has become the responsibility of the whole society to protect adolescents from depression. Based on an integration of attachment theory and stress-buffering model, the present study aimed to examine (a) whether childhood emotional neglect (CEN) would be significantly associated with depression; (b) whether maladaptive self-cognition would mediate the association between CEN and depression; and (c) whether friendship quality would moderate the direct and indirect associations between CEN and depression via maladaptive self-cognition. Participants were 1639 Chinese adolescents (M age = 14.49 years, SD = 1.11). They completed questionnaires regarding demographics, CEN, maladaptive self-cognition, and friendship quality at Time 1. After 7 months, they finished the measure of depression at Time 2. Results showed that CEN was positively associated with adolescent depression, and this relation was mediated by maladaptive self-cognition. Furthermore, friendship quality moderated the association between CEN and maladaptive self-cognition, with the relation being stronger for adolescents with lower levels of friendship quality. However, friendship quality did not moderate the association between maladaptive self-cognition and depression, as well as the direct association between CEN and depression. This study contributes to a better understanding of adolescent depression and provide important guidance for treating this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impure ions in the precursor can cause the structural transition of prepared MnO 2 catalysts and influence their activity in toluene catalytic oxidation. Here, the effects of K+ and SO 4 2- on the catalytic activity of MnO 2 are examined. Removing absorbed SO 4 2- by repeating water washing facilitates the exposure of active sites on the surface of MnO 2. The temperature for toluene conversion reaches 90% (T 90) of catalysts decreases from 247 ºC to 238 ºC. While the loss of K+ during the water washing leads to the inferior performance of MnO 2. Re-impregnating of K+ can stimulate the generation of active oxygen species on the surface of catalysts (K/MnO 2), which showed elevated catalytic activity in toluene conversion (T 90 , 229 ºC). In addition, K/MnO 2 performs good stability for toluene combustion in long-term operation. Density Function Theory calculations reveal that the formation energy of oxygen vacancy and the adsorption energy of toluene on the surface of catalyst decrease from 6.996 eV and − 0.079 to 5.482 eV and − 0.468 eV as the introduction of K+, respectively. Our results provide a complete understanding of the effects of impurity ions on the performance of manganese oxide for catalytic oxidation of toluene. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The importance of the library environment for archival preservation. • Mildew proof and fire proof file packaging material. • Archive storage strategies for micro-environmental interventions. • Low carbon and environmental protection storage of archives. • Mildew proof and flame retardant properties of inorganic nanomaterials. Archives, books and other cultural classics represent precious cultural wealth in every nation. However, the interaction between the paper components and external environmental factors decreases paper durability, leading to the gradual loss of paper cultural relics. This includes the impact of fungi and fire on books, documents, maps and paper works of art leading to incalculable and irreversible cultural losses. In addition, fungal metabolites induce a wide range of allergic reactions that threaten the health of library/archive professionals and users. Given this, it is urgent to explore an alternative archive storage strategy to enhance the comprehensive control of archive mould disease. The preservation environment of paper affects its preservation time and quality, and microenvironment regulation is an important approach to the preventive protection of paper cultural relics. In the present study, inorganic materials were introduced into the archive packaging box to alter the microenvironment and enhance the mould and fire prevention effect without affecting the paper performance. Archive packaging boxes have good anti-microbial effects, with a low content of carbon and nitrogen sources effectively blocking the growth and colonization of mould, creating a microenvironment blocking the growth of surrounding mould, and significantly blocking the occurrence of fire, which could effectively improve storage capabilities and staff health in libraries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synchronous removal of gaseous toluene and benzene were achieved by MFC-BTF. • Shifts of mass transfer and microbial community for VOCs removal were revealed. • The removal of benzene was stimulated with the presence of toluene in exhaust. • Various biodegradation pathways for toluene and benzene were proposed. Illustrating the biodegradation processes of multi-component volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will expedite the implication of biotechnology in purifying industrial exhaust. Here, performance shifts of microbial fuel cell and biotrickling filter combined system (MFC-BTF) are investigated for removing single and dual components of toluene and benzene. Synchronous removal of toluene (95 %) and benzene (97 %) are achieved by MFC-BTF accompanied with the output current of 0.41 mA. Elevated content of extracellular polymeric substance facilitates the mass transfer of benzene with the presence of toluene. Strains of Bacteroidota , Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi contribute to the removal of dual components VOCs. Empty bed reaction time and the VOCs concentration are the important factors influencing their dissolution in the system. The biodegradation of toluene and benzene proceeds with 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde and o-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main intermediates. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of multi-component VOCs removal by MFC-BTF and guide the system design, optimization, and scale-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, there has been significant interest in harvesting energy from rotational motion through piezoelectric transduction, with the aim of providing energy-autonomous structural health monitoring systems for rotating machinery. Unlike most existing separated-type magnetically plucked piezoelectric rotational energy harvesters (PREHs) where a separate stationary support is frequently required to place either exciting or excited magnets, we proposed a pendulous piezoelectric rotational energy harvester (P-PREH) which was characterized by the structural integration and simultaneous motion of the piezoelectric transducer and actuator to harvest energy from rotating machines without stationary support. Structure simulation, fabrication, and experimental testing were performed to verify the structural feasibility and investigate the effect of structure and exciting parameters. The results showed that the P-PREH can generate relatively stable output voltage within a wide range of rotary speeds because of the random swing of exciting disk. Besides, the load resistance-dependent power indicated that P-PREH with swing radius of proof mass of 160 mm and the exciting magnet quantity ratio of 0.82 could yield a maximum output power of 0.65 mW at 20 kΩ and 1120 r/min. Also, 50 blue LEDs, array of different color LEDs and a low-power light strip could be lighted by the P-PREH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conductivity is a comparable metric to characterize EET. • Nanowires and microbial aggregates have substantially different conductivity levels. • Several factors can cause a large variability in the measured conductivity. • Calculating the EET flux in microbial aggregates from conductivity measurement. Microbial extracellular electron transfer (EET) plays a crucial role in bioenergy production and resource recovery from wastewater. Interdisciplinary efforts have been made to unveil EET processes at various spatial scales, from nanowires to microbial aggregates. Electrical conductivity has been frequently measured as an indicator of EET efficiency. In this review, the conductivity of nanowires, biofilms, and granular sludge was summarized, and factors including subjects, measurement methods, and conducting conditions that affect the conductivity difference were discussed in detail. The high conductivity of nanowires does not necessarily result in efficient EET in microbial aggregates due to the existence of non-conductive substances and contact resistance. Improving the conductivity measurement of microbial aggregates is important because it enables the calculation of an EET flux from conductivity and a comparison of the flux with mass transfer coefficients. This review provides new insight into the significance, characterization, and optimization of EET in microbial aggregates during a wastewater treatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited access to the hydrophobic organic compounds by microorganisms impedes the improvement of performance of bioreactor processing contaminant degradation. Here, we assembled activated carbon in the anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) to serve as a reservoir for toluene molecular and exoelectrogens. The adsorption of toluene by activated carbon facilitated the substrate accessible by exoelectrogens and was beneficial for toluene biodegradation. Rapid degradation of toluene was achieved by MFC assembled with active carbon anode (AC-MFC) in 36 h, which was shorter than that (∼60 h) for MFC with carbon felt anode (CF-MFC). In addition, significant decrease of gaseous toluene released from anolyte into headspace as the introduction of activated carbon. The model EABs Geobacter anodicances was enriched on activated carbon, which brought out the elevated performance of AC-MFC for toluene degradation and power generation. Polarized curves revealed that the maximum power density of AC-MFC was 3328 mW/m3, which was 2.6 times higher than that of CF-MFC (1267 mW/m3). Analysis of anolyte revealed that benzoic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid and β-carboxy-cis-cis-muconate were the main intermediate products during toluene degradation. This work provides an effective strategy for improving biodegradation efficiency of hydrophobic organic compounds accompany with power generation. [Display omitted] • Toluene accessibility for exoelectrogens was improved in anode of MFC. • A significant amount of Geobacter anodireducens was enriched on activated carbon. • The adsorption of toluene impeded the escape of toluene from anolyte. • A high ability to electron delivery was obtained for the bioanode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For patients with meningioma, surgical procedures are different because of the status of sinus invasion. However, there is still no suitable technique to identify the status of sinus invasion in patients with meningiomas. We aimed to build a deep learning radiomics model to identify sinus invasion before surgery.Methods: A total of 1048 patients with meningiomas were retrospectively enrolled from two hospitals. T1 enhanced-weighted (T1c) and T2-weighted MRI data for each patient were collected. Tumors and their corresponding peritumors were analyzed. Four ResNet50 models were built with different types of regions of interest (ROIs) (tumor and peritumor) and different modal images (T1c and T2) to predict the status of sinus invasion. Several data enhancement methods were applied before ResNet50 model building. The final model was generated by combining four ResNet50 models.Results: The models with a combination of tumors and peritumors using multimodal images achieved the highest predictive performance (AUC = 0.884, ACC = 78.1%) in the independent test cohort. The Delong test proved that the model built with combination ROIs achieved significantly higher performance than the model built only with tumors. The net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement tests both proved that including peritumor ROIs in the tumor ROIs could significantly improve the prediction ability.Conclusion: In the current study, the deep learning model showed potential for identifying sinus invasion before surgery in patients with meningioma. Including peritumors could significantly improve predictive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A full-scale test programme for reinforced single-coped beams with slender web (RSCBSW) connections is reported in this paper. The test matrix included reinforcement types and coping details. The adequacy of the two reinforcement strategies was confirmed by the test results, and it was found that all specimens failed by buckling of the plate girder section away from the coped region. The test results also showed that for the reinforcement strategy with double full-depth transverse stiffeners, the decrease in the strength of the specimen in the post-ultimate stage was comparatively less significant compared with the specimens strengthened by a single full-depth transverse stiffener, and this phenomenon was more apparent in the case of a deep cope. Subsequently, finite element (FE) models of test specimens were developed to replicate the behaviour of the RSCBSW connections, based on which a parametric study covering a wider range of factors was conducted. The numerical results further confirmed the effectiveness of the reinforcement strategy, and no models experienced local web buckling in the vicinity of the cope. The available design equations to quantify the buckling resistance of the plate girders were applied to the test specimens and the numerical database. It was found that for cases with double full-depth transverse stiffeners, the design predictions were generally conservative. In contrast, unsafe predictions were obtained for several cases with a deep cope which was enhanced by a single full-depth transverse stiffener. [Display omitted] • Reinforcement strategies for enhancing single-coped beam with slender web connections were experimentally examined. • A parametric study covering a wider range of factors was conducted. • The effect of the longitudinal stiffener was confirmed. • The design equations for quantifying the resistance of the specimens were revisited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of biosensors is critical to reducing potential risks associated with contamination accidents. However, the application of microbial electrochemical sensors for water biotoxicity monitoring is hampered by the lack of an indicator with high response magnitudes. In this study, microbial electrochemical sensors were fabricated with interdigitated electrode arrays (IDAs), and indicators from various electrochemical analyses were comprehensively investigated. Only the peak of cyclic voltammetry (CV) was highly linearly correlated with the commonly used current indicator during the enrichment of the electroactive biofilm. The resistance fitted from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data provided a comparable and even higher inhibition ratio (IR) than the current during toxicity assessments. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) did not exhibit a higher sensitivity than the CV peak. However, no clear response was observed in the real-time impedance analysis for use in water biotoxicity monitoring. Most of the microbes were in the propidium iodide (PI)-permeable state after the toxicity assessments, although the current was fully recovered. This study demonstrates the potential to use EIS data as indicators of water biotoxicity using microbial electrochemical sensors. [Display omitted] • Sensors were constructed with interdigitated electrode arrays. • Only cyclic voltammetry peak was linearly correlated with the current. • Only electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was comparable to current. • No clear response to formaldehyde injection during real-time impedance analysis. • Most microbes were propidium iodide-permeable with a fully recovered current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chidamide + ChT brought PFS benefit to R/R PTCL patients with good tolerability. • Chidamide-contained regimens prolonged PFS of patients with high second-line IPI. • Young patients may benefit more from the combination of chemotherapy and chidamide. • Chemotherapy combined with chidamide brought PFS benefit to CD30-negative patients. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior. Chidamide has been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) PTCL in China. We compared the efficacy of chidamide-contained regimens with chemotherapy (ChT) in R/R PTCL. Based on the second-line treatments, patients were divided into three groups, including ChT, ChT combined with chidamide (chidamide + ChT) and chidamide combined with or without other targeted agents (targeted therapy) group. Chidamide + ChT group had a better progression-free survival (PFS) compared with targeted therapy group (p = 0.013), and showed a trend towards superior PFS compared with ChT group (p = 0.079). Among patients with high second-line International Prognostic Index (IPI) (3-5), chidamide+ChT group had a longer PFS than ChT group(p = 0.018), and PFS in targeted therapy group was not inferior to that in chidamide+ChT group (p = 0.200). Among patients younger than 60 years, chidamide+ChT group demonstrated a PFS benefit over targeted therapy group (p = 0.010). Among CD30-negative patients, PFS was superior in the chidamide+ChT group compared with ChT group (p < 0.001). Conversely, results observed above were absent in patients with low second-line IPI or patients older than 60 years or CD30-positive patients. Overall, the combination of chidamide and ChT may be an effective treatment strategy for R/R PTCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]