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To systematically analyze the current status of outcomes reporting in clinical trials on treating stasis acute mastitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage. We searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, JBI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal, Clinical Trials Registry, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Center Watch Registry from inception to May IS, 2022 to find randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case series and cohort studies which reported the outcomes of stasis acute mastitis managed with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage, with search terms of mastitis, acute mastitis, lactation mastitis, puerperal mastitis, breast problem, breast engorgement, milk stasis, blocked ducked, breast pain, breast massage, and acupoint massage. Outcomes and the measurement schemes (measurement methods, timing of assessing outcome, frequency of assessing outcome, measurers) were extracted from the included studies. We used the Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children with Cleft Palate (MOMENT) to assess the quality of each study, then categorized outcomes derived from the included studies into different domains according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Arthritis Clinic Trials (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 framework. We identified 85 clinical trials, in which 54 different outcomes were reported. A total of 81.2% (69/85) of studies were assessed as medium quality with a mean score of 2.6, and 18.8% (16/85) as low quality with a mean score of 0.9. These outcomes were organized in three core areas. Lump size (89.4%, 76/85) was the most frequently reported outcome, followed by breast pain (69.4%, 59/85) and milk excretion (68.2%, 58/85). Five methods were used to assess lump size and four methods to assess breast pain. The outcomes reported in clinical trials regarding stasis acute mastitis treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage are heterogeneous. Developing a core outcome set to achieve consistent standards for reporting outcomes and modalities for validation of the outcomes is clearly warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty (PTPA) is a treatment modality for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, but whether it can be applied to Takayasu arteritis-associated pulmonary hypertension (TA-PH), another chronic obstructive pulmonary vascular disease, remains unclear.Objectives: This study sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of PTPA for TA-PH.Methods: Between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, a total of 50 patients with TA-PH who completed the PTPA procedure (the PTPA group) and 21 patients who refused the PTPA procedure (the non-PTPA group) were prospectively enrolled in this cohort study. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The safety outcomes included PTPA procedure-related complications.Results: Baseline characteristics and medical therapies were similar between the PTPA group and the non-PTPA group. During a mean follow-up time of 37 ± 14 months, deaths occurred in 3 patients (6.0%) in the PTPA group and 6 patients (28.6%) in the non-PTPA group, contributing to the 3-year survival rate of 93.7% in the PTPA group and 76.2% in the non-PTPA group (P = 0.0096 for log-rank test). The Cox regression model showed that PTPA was associated with a significantly reduced hazard of all-cause mortality in TA-PH patients (HR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05-0.73; P = 0.017). No periprocedural death occurred. Severe complications requiring noninvasive positive pressure ventilation occurred in only 1 of 150 total sessions (0.7%).Conclusions: PTPA tended to be associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality with acceptable safety profiles and seemed to be a promising therapeutic option for TA-PH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventeen compounds, including one sesquiterpene (1), two diterpenoids (2 and 3), four monoterpenes (4 – 7), one phenolic acid (8), seven flavonoids (9 – 15), one lignan (16), and one sterol (17), have been isolated from the whole herb of Thymus quinquecostatus Cêlak., Lamiaceae. Among them, compounds 1 – 3 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , and 16 were isolated from the genus Thymus for the first time; and compounds 5 – 7 were first isolated from this plant. Their structures were determined using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and compared with known data. To the best of our knowledge, their chemotaxonomic significance was explored in the present study for the first time. Compounds isolated from the whole herb of Thymus quinquecostatus Cêlak. [Display omitted] • A total of 17 compounds were isolated from Thymus quinquecostatus. • Compounds 1 – 3 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 and 16 were first isolated from genus Thymus. • The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds is determined for the first time. • This study contributes to the phytochemical understanding of T. quinquecostatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An effective membrane-modificatied method was established for exosomes to target axon. • TAxI-exos could effectively alleviate the progression of EAE model than UMSC-exos via targeting axon ability. • UMSC-exos down-regulated the proportion of CD86+ CD206+ active microglia rather than facilitating the phenotypic transition from M1 to M2 through TNF-α pathway regulated cell biological process. • TAxI-exos and UMSC-exos mainly reduced the proportion of Th17 cells compared to Th1 cells in cellular immune regulation. • TAxI peptide endowed UMSC-exos with the ability to regulate the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes demyelination, neuronal damage and white matter loss, but there is still no known cure. Exosomes are 30–200 nm-sized double-layered membrane vesicles that can easily cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells（UMSCs） have been found to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through the action of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, but its clinical translation has been hampered by their inefficacious accumulation in CNS. Therefore, we developed a TAxI-exos, also known as a TAxI-peptide-chimeric UMSC-exos, for CNS-specific accumulation and curative effect in EAE. We used the EAE model in vivo as well as active T cell and BV-2 cell models in vitro to explore the efficacy and mechanisms. Exosomes from UMSCs with TAxI or DiR labels were given to EAE mice in one dosage (150 g) prior to the peak at day 15. The mice were sacrificed on day 30 so that spinal cords, spleens, and blood could be taken for analysis of demyelination, inflammation, microglia, T-cell subset proportions, and inflammatory cytokine expression. In vitro, PBMCs and splenocytes isolated from healthy C57BL/6 mice were activated and incubated with 0.15 mg/mL of UMSC-exos or TAxI-exos for immune mechanism investigations. Activated BV-2 cells were used to investigate the targeting and controlling polarization ability and mechanism of UMSC-exos and TAxI-exos. As expected, TAxI-exos exhibited significantly greater therapeutic action in EAE mice than UMSC-exos due to their improved targeting-ability. The medication reduced T-cell subset proportions and inflammation, reduced active-microglia proportions and promoted M1 to M2 microglial cell polarization through TNF pathway, upregulated IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and IDO-1 expression, and downregulated IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. The CNS-targeting properties of TAxI-exos and their capacity to inhibit degenerative processes in EAE mice have considerable potential therapeutic value for MS and other CNS illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient transfer hydrogenolysis of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE) was accomplished over Ni 1.5 Cu 1.5 /Al 2 O 3 using isopropanol as hydrogen source. The characterization results demonstrated that the formation of NiCu alloy and electron transfer between Ni and Cu were responsible for the excellent catalytic performance. Isopropanol displayed better hydrogen-donating ability than other low-carbon alcohols because of its unique dehydrogenation pathway and small steric hindrance. The results of isotopic experiments elucidated that active hydrogen species for the C O bond cleavage originated from isopropanol rather than H 2 , while both isopropanol and H 2 were responsible for hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol when reaction was conducted with mixed hydrogen sources. A mechanism study illustrated that transfer hydrogenolysis of BPE proceeded through direct cleavage of C O bond followed by phenol hydrogenation, in which the active hydrogen species were in the form of H+ and H−. [Display omitted] • Ni 1.5 Cu 1.5 /Al 2 O 3 shows excellent performance in transfer hydrogenolysis of BPE. • Isopropanol exhibits superior hydrogen-donating ability than other alcohols. • Active hydrogen for C O bond cleavage originates from isopropanol instead of H 2. • The active hydrogen species are in the form of H+ and H−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical study of the dynamics of a nine-module floating aquaculture platform in irregular waves is proposed, to examine the effect of the connector type between net cages and incident wave direction on the hydrodynamic response. A numerical model based on the coupled boundary element method and lumped-mass model was used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the aquaculture platform. Time-domain statistical analysis, and time-frequency analysis based on Hilbert-Huang transform on the motion responses of net cages and the mooring force responses of the platform were then carried out. The results indicate that the mooring system has a decisive influence on the frequency-domain characteristics of surge motion, while the influence of connector can be ignored. The surge motion under flexible hawser connector is less sensitive to wave incident direction, while the wave direction has a greater impact on surge motion under spherical joint connector. The amplitudes of pitch motion under two different connectors decrease significantly under oblique incident waves, compared with perpendicular incident wave condition. The wave incident direction has little effect on the overall mooring force response of the platform. The mooring force responses at different positions show completely different frequency characteristics when the cages are connected by spherical joints. The larger the pitch response of the cage, the smaller the mooring force response of the mooring chain connected to the net cage. There is a positive correlation between the gravity frequency of the mooring force response and the gravity frequency of the pitch response of the net cage. • A numerical model that couples the BEM and lumped-mass model was used to simulate the dynamic behavior of a nine-module aquaculture platform. • The effect of two kinds of connectors between net cages on motion and mooring force responses of the aquaculture platform are analyzed. • The mooring system has a decisive influence on the frequency-domain characteristics of surge motion. • The wave incident direction has a greater impact on the surge response under spherical joint connector. • There is a positive correlation between gravity frequencies of mooring force response and pitch response of net cage connected to the mooring chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al −600 display excellent catalytic activity for cleaving C O bond. • Isopropanol as hydrogen source is more conducive to C O bond breaking. • The β-benzylic-H atom in PPE promotes the cleavage of C aliphatic -O bond. • The Ni-to-Co molar ratio affects the surface species of Ni x Co y Al catalyst. The selective hydrogenolysis of C O bonds is critical for the effective valorization of lignin. Herein, we synthesized a series of highly efficient Ni x Co y Al-T catalysts by a coprecipitation-calcination-reduction method and evaluated their catalytic hydrogenolysis performance towards the C O bonds of lignin-derived aryl ether, using isopropanol as the hydrogen donor source. The results revealed that the Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al-600 catalyst displayed superior activity and its catalytic performances were strongly influenced by the Ni/Co molar ratios and calcination temperatures. The enhanced dispersion of metal particles and the electron transfer from Ni to Co in Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al-600 catalyst facilitated the cleavage of C O bonds in lignin model compounds. Furthermore, the β-benzyl-H atom in 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (PPE) also contributes to the cleavage of C aliphatic -O bonds. Under optimized reaction conditions (180 ℃, reaction time 2 h), PPE was completely converted over the Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al-600 catalyst, and the yield of ethylbenzene and cyclohexanol reached 95.91wt% and 85.73wt%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the Ni x Co y Al-T catalytic system holds great promise for the production of valuable chemicals from lignin under mild conditions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer simulations were conducted to understand the nonlinear dynamics of the cage array to establish an offshore fish farm capable of surviving the severe conditions. To that end, a large fish farm containing 16 net cages in a 2 × 8 configuration was modeled based on the lumped mass model. This numerical model was verified against the physical model tests regarding a single net cage and a net cage array. In particular, three different equivalent mesh groups were compared to each other to balance the numerical accuracy and the computational efficiency. Then, the candidate equivalent mesh group was used to separately model the rigid and the flexible cage arrays subjected to severe conditions. The results show that most trajectory patterns of mooring lines are not as elliptical as the water particle trajectories. This provides evidence to justify the perturbations about the equilibrium of the mooring grid for the full-scale aquaculture cage array system. Alongside this, flexible cages with lower bending stiffness have greater tension forces on the weather side. The bending stiffness has a predominant effect on the surge motion and is also the leading contributor to the nonlinearity of cage motion. The flexible cage with lower bending stiffness is appropriate for more exposed, open ocean fish farming applications, but the increased mooring tension should be taken into account for future design consideration. • Nonlinear dynamics of an aquaculture cage array were examined under severe conditions. • The nonlinear wave was considered by introducing the new Stoke wave solutions. • Flexible cages with lower bending stiffness exhibited greater tension forces on the weather side. • The bending stiffness contributed to the nonlinearity of cage motion had a predominant effect on the surge motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on the length of cultured fish is crucial to evaluate their growth status and biomass. However, existing methods to estimate fish body length are based primarily on manual sampling, which is invasive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In contrast, such information can be acquired via noncontact methods relying on images of the animals' centerlines in an image. The centerline extraction method has been widely applied as an efficient approach. However, the greatest challenge in measuring the length of cultured fish is that of accurately extracting the animals' centerlines when fish overlap in an image. To address this problem, we propose a method to obtain the centerlines of overlapping fish by processing images captured from a top-view perspective. First, fish contours are segmented using convex-concave points. Second, the contour segmentations belonging to each fish are identified by an algorithm that matches heads to tails; their centerlines are thus extracted and optimized. We conducted both laboratory and on-site experiments, and results show that the proposed method exhibited excellent performance in extracting fish centerline information, even for fish that overlapped in images captured from a top view. Moreover, it also improved on the performance of existing methods in measuring the length of cultured fish from such images. • The fish centerlines are extracted successfully under the complex culture background. • A convex-concave analysis method is used to segment contours of fish in overlapping images. • An optimization strategy of fish centerlines is done by fish head and tail matching method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance supercapacitors extremely depend on reasonable microstructure of electrode materials, but how to efficiently control the pore structure of principal carbon materials remains a challenge. In this study, corncob-based porous carbon (CPC X) with controllable pore structures is synthesized by means of KOH activation strategy, and the technical parameters of KOH activation are comprehensively investigated including activation temperature, activation time and KOH/biochar ratio. The optimal sample with a KOH/biochar mass ratio of 3 activated at 650 °C for 1 h (denoted as CPC 650 – 1-3) possesses sub-nanopores concentrated at 0.6 nm and 0.8 nm, and larger micropores distribute at 1.2 nm and 1.5 nm. These highly cross-linked microporous structures provide accessible specific surface area (SSA) for electrode materials and act as high-speed channels for fast ion diffusion and transfer. The activated carbon material has a high SSA (2998 m2 g−1) and a large V micro /V meso ratio of 8.26. The specific capacitance of CPC 650 – 1-3 reaches 258 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and remains a satisfied retention of 74 % even at 10 A g−1. Moreover, CPC 650 – 1-3 //CPC 650 – 1-3 symmetric supercapacitors exhibit a high energy density of 6.4 Wh kg−1 at power density of 500.1 W kg−1. It also has a capacitance retention of 90.1 % after 10,000 cycles, highlighting its excellent cycle stability. These results indicate that corncob-based microporous carbon materials have broad application prospects in promoting the high added-value utilization of biomass waste and the development of high-performance supercapacitors. [Display omitted] • Microporous carbons were prepared from agricultural waste corncob. • The pore structure of materials was regulated by changing the activation conditions. • The relationships among activation conditions, V micro /V meso , specific surface area and specific capacitance were investigated. • A remarkable capacitance retention of 90.1 % after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floating aquaculture cages deployed in the nearshore affect the wave field and contribute to the coastal defense by damping incoming waves. Most pioneering works concerning aquaculture cages have concentrated on the hydrodynamics of the structures instead of their influence on the wave field. In order to bridge the gap, this paper examines the wave performance with the interference of floating aquaculture cages via physical model tests. The results show that the existence of cages increases wave height on the weather side. The wave-dissipation performance of the net cage is closely related to the ratio of the wavelength to the structural span, and the minimum transmission coefficients appear in the conditions with the maximum wave number. Moreover, the crests of the free surface elevation inside the floating frames are almost flat, which is particularly obvious in the long-period wave conditions. The surface elevations show nonlinearity in small-wavelength conditions, which is dominantly caused by the pitch motion of the cages. Nevertheless, the presence of the cage does not affect the phase differences in the wave elevation at different positions. The nets have an opposite effect on wave response inside the cage under the conditions of long-period and short-period waves. • The wave performance with the interference of floating aquaculture cages are examined via physical experiments. • The wave transmission coefficients were closely related to the ratio of the wavelength to the structural span. • The wave surface elevations inside the floating frames showed nonlinearity under small wavelengths. • The nets had an opposite effect on the wave response inside the floating frame in long- and short-period waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A fast and accurate fishing net damage detection model has been established based on digital twin. • Different damaged levels, positions and wave-current directions have been tested. • The digital twin model can accurately identify whether the fishing net is damaged or not. The fishing net is the most important component of aquaculture net cages. Once damaged, it can cause substantial economic losses and ecological problems to the aquaculture industry. To avoid these subsequent issues caused by the damage to the fishing net, seeking a computerized, labor-saving approach and detecting damage in real time becomes the primary task of this paper. Inspired by recent development of the artificial neural networks and machine learning, this study proposes a fast and accurate approach for fishing net damage detection based on digital twin. Firstly, time-domain numerical simulations of the fishing net are conducted in a series of wave and current conditions to develop the artificial neural network-based digital twin. Then, the significant wave height, the spectral peak period, and tensions of vertical and horizontal ropes are used as input variables during the artificial neural network training; the intact and damaged states of the fishing net are considered outputs. Alongside this, the back-propagation learning algorithm is used for training to maximize damage detection performance. The results highlight that the digital twin model can effectively identify the fishing net damage using the sensor data, and the accuracy of the damage detection reaches above 93%. When the damage occurs at different net positions, the prediction accuracies of the artificial neural network model for training and testing sets are 93.97% and 93.00%, respectively. Regarding different wave-current directions, the prediction accuracies of the artificial neural network model are 99.87 % and 99.34 % for training and testing sets. Moreover, the developed digital twin can accurately detect the damage of the net even sea conditions and sensor data are not included in the training. The digital twin model proposed in the present study can potentially be used for damage detection in other aquaculture components and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the marine industry offers more opportunities to combine aquaculture with other marine uses. This study reports a trestle-netting enclosure aquaculture facility that combines an offshore steel trestle with a marine aquaculture facility in which the trestle acts as a supporting substructure. In this study, the numerical models include one configuration without netting and three configurations with netting in different regular waves, which are generated based on stream function theory owing to nonlinear wave problems. The time series of the horizontal wave forces were obtained and analyzed in the four models. Numerical results showed that netting can significantly increase the positive amplitudes of horizontal wave forces, and the wave forces of trestle with the lee-side netting were almost smaller than those of the wave-side netting. Moreover, we investigated the nonlinear features of the wave forces and profiles. The horizontal asymmetry factors of the wave forces are affected by those of the wave profiles, while the vertical asymmetry factors of the wave forces are affected by those of the wave slope profiles. The effects of the netting on the force-positive amplitudes agree with the horizontal asymmetry factors of the wave forces but not with the vertical asymmetry factors. • Finite element models of trestle-netting enclosure aquaculture facility are established. • Hydrodynamic analysis of the complex models is conducted under nonlinear waves. • Effects of netting on wave loads and the nonlinear features of wave loads is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of global population, the demand for seafood has been increasing. Aquaculture as a sustainable industry provides a new direction to satisfy the rising demand for seafood. However, typhoons, a common disaster in coastal areas, can cause massive waves that can threaten the safety of aquaculture facilities. Therefore, studying the facilities' failure probability under typhoon waves with different return periods is crucial. The example of offshore high-density polyethylene net cages in the seas near Guishan Island, Zhuhai, China, was examined in this study. The wave conditions for different return periods for these seas were predicted using the SWAN+ADCIRC model and the local wave statistics for the last 30 years. Based on the prediction results, the hydrodynamic loads and stresses of the primary cage structure (floating collar, nets, and mooring lines) in typhoon waves at different return periods were calculated using the lumped-mass and finite element methods. Meanwhile, the failure probability of the cage components was analyzed based on the Monte Carlo method. According to the failure probability and cost of different components, the suitable size of the each of the cage components in the representative seas was studied. This study affords a reference for the design of the cage and improve the aquaculture insurance. • Relation between typhoon waves and failure probability of HDPE net cage components. • SWAN+ADICRC model combined with local hydrographic data to predict typhoon waves. • Lumped-mass and finite element methods for hydrodynamic loads on components. • Quantitative response relationship established using Monte Carlo method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a variational Bayesian-based cubature Kalman filter to solve the state estimation problem of nonlinear discrete-time systems under dynamic model mismatch and outliers interference, which occurs in the maneuvering target tracking system. In the proposed filter, the measurement noise is divided into the normal measurement noise and the outlier noise, and two inverse Wishart distributions with different degree of freedom parameters are used to model the unknown normal measurement noise covariance and the unknown outlier noise covariance, respectively. To overcome outliers interference, the judgment factor which follows the Bernoulli-beta distribution is designed to identify the type of measurement noise. Meanwhile, the input vector which follows the Gaussian distribution is introduced to realize the dynamic model revision. The state, the judgment factor, the normal measurement noise covariance, the outlier noise covariance, and the input vector are jointly estimated under the variational Bayesian framework. The numerical simulation is illustrated to verify the performance of the proposed filter and the corresponding results show that the proposed filter has good state estimation performance and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vessel-shaped floating aquaculture platform has numerous advantages over traditional high-density polyethylene gravity cages. Combined with a single-point mooring system, the unique structural form of the vessel shape can significantly reduce the environmental loads transmitted from the bow. This study used potential flow theory and dynamic composite cable theory to simulate the hydrodynamic responses of a single-point moored vessel-shaped floating aquaculture platform in waves. The motion response, mooring force response, and reaction force of the nets were simulated in regular waves and compared with experimental values. The numerical and experimental results agree well. After the validation, the response amplitude operators of the floating frames of the platform were calculated and analyzed in the frequency domain. Then, time-domain calculations were carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the platform. The results show that the heave and pitch responses of the front frame are significantly higher than those of the rear frames of the same platform. The increase in the number of floating frames decreases the motion responses and increases the mooring force response of the platform. The X and Z components of the hinge joint force between the floating front frames are significantly higher than those between the rear frames. Similarly, the reaction force of the nets of the floating front frame is higher than that of the rear frames under the same wave conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Twenty four novel acylthiourea derivatives were synthesized and characterized. • Completed the herbicidal activity experiment. • Completed the AHAS enzyme activity assay experiment. • Completed molecular docking experiment. In order to develop novel herbicides, a series of novel acylthiourea derivatives containing methylsulfone were synthesized and characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the preliminary herbicidal activity of title compounds was determined against Echinochloa crusgal, Polypogon fugax, Digitaria adscendens, Brassica napus, Amaranthus retroflexus and Abutilon theophrasti. The results of the petri dish experiments showed that a small part of title compounds had a good inhibitory effect on Digitaria adscendens and Brassica napus. The results of the greenhouse herbicidal activity experiments indicated that the compounds 4p, 4 w and 4x exhibited more high herbicidal activity against Brassica napus and Digitaria adscendens than the commercial herbicide bensulfuron-methyl. Moreover, except for compound 4i , all test compounds performed well in crop safety evaluation. Next, acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) enzyme activity experiments were carried out, and the results showed that compound 4x had the highest inhibition rate reaching 89.12%. Finally, in order to screen AHAS inhibitor, molecular docking was performed by using AHAS protein and target ligand molecules 4a - 4x. The results of molecular docking were similar to bioassay experiments. Compound 4p, 4w and 4x were considered potential AHAS inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new method combining the porous media and rigid wall is applied to analyze the flow field. • The blocking effect of the semi-submersible aquaculture platform on water flow is analyzed. • A phenomenon including low flow velocity region and vortex generation are studied. The study of flow velocity distribution inside and around a semi-submersible aquaculture platform is extremely important for the living environment of marine fish, especially in the open sea. Therefore, a method combining porous media and rigid walls is established to analyze the flow patterns inside and around a semi-submersible aquaculture platform. In the present study, the shear stress transport k–omega turbulence model is chosen to describe the flow, and the governing equations are solved by using the finite volume method. The fish nets and main frame, including pontoons, columns, and braces, are modeled by porous media and rigid wall conditions, respectively. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified, and the results show that the experimental values agree with the calculated values. By comparing the flow field of aquaculture platforms with and without fish nets, it can be concluded that fish nets play a vital role in the attenuation of flow velocity. In addition, vortices exist near the wall of the aquaculture platform. The risk of resonance will increase when the frequency of the vortex shedding is close to the natural frequency of the structure, which should be avoided in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated that As(III) was appreciably removed by ferrate in the presence of straw biochar. Removal efficiency of As in ferrate/biochar system was over 91%, increased by 34% compared with ferrate alone ([biochar] 0 = 10 mg/L, [ferrate] 0 = 6 mg/L, [As(III)] 0 = 200 μg/L). In the reaction process, As(III) was oxidized to As(V) mainly by ferrate, while ferrate was reduced into ferric (hydr)oxides and coated on the biochar. Biochar was oxidized in the reaction and its surface area, pore volume and the amount of Lewis acid functional groups were substantially improved, which provided interaction sites for As adsorption. Analysis of hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential revealed that biochar interacted with the ferrate resulted ferric oxides and enlarged the Fe-C-As particle/floc, which promoted their settlement and thus the liquid-solid separation of As. As(V) was adsorbed on the surface of biochar and ferric (hydr)oxides through hydrogen bond, electrostatic attraction and As-(OFe) bond. Ferrate/biochar was not only effective for As removal, but removed 73.31% of As, 50.38% of Cd, and 75.27% of Tl when these hazardous species synchronously existed in polluted water (initial content: As, 100 μg/L; Cd, 50 μg/L; Tl, 1 μg/L). The combination of ferrate with biochar has potential for the remediation of hazardous species polluted water. [Display omitted] • Biochar improved As(III) removal by Fe(VI) from 57% to 91%. • Biochar enhanced aggregation and settlement of Fe(VI) resulted particles. • Pore-structure and Lewis acid groups of biochar were improved by Fe(VI). • Simultaneous removal of As, Cd, and Tl was achieved by Fe(VI)/biochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al exhibits excellent capabilities for C-O bonds cleavage. • Isotope labeling experiments indicate the active hydrogen comes from isopropanol. • Major products of DL hydrogenolysis are phenolic compounds, especially guaiacol. Hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce valuable aromatic chemicals under mild conditions can effectively realize the value-added utilization of lignin. In this work, catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH) of dealkaline lignin (DL) over Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al catalyst was studied for the production of phenolic compounds, and the reaction mechanism was elucidated through the reaction of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (PPE) in deuterated isopropanol (CD 3 CD(OD)CD 3) and D 2. Moreover, we investigated the CTH behaviors of various lignin including organic solvents lignin in birch (OL), acidic solvents lignin in birch (AL) and birch powder (BW) to explore the suitability of the Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al catalyst. The results showed that Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al was able to catalyze the hydrogenolysis of various lignin into phenolic monomers using isopropanol as an in-situ hydrogen source. Under optimized conditions, the hydrogenolysis of DL over Ni 0.5 Co 1.5 Al achieved 43.30 wt% lignin oil yield. The experimental results of isotope labeling experiments exhibited that the active hydrogen generated by isopropanol is used for the cleavage of C-O bonds, and the electronic interactions between Ni and Co promotes the C-O bonds breaking. Isopropanol can not only be a hydrogen donor, but also act as a reaction solvent to stabilize intermediates and enhance the yield of phenolic compounds in the lignin CTH process. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface layer proteins (SLPs) are crystalline arrays in the outermost layer of cell envelope in many archaea and bacteria. SLPs subunits have the ability to reassemble on the surface of lipid layers. In this work, the SLP from Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was extracted and reassembled on the surface of positively charged liposomes composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and octadecylamine. Zeta potentials and particle size were determined to describe the adsorption process of SLP on liposomes. The liposomes completely coated with SLP were observed by transmission electron microscope. To investigate the stabilizing effects of SLP on liposomes, carboxyfluorescein (CF) was encapsulated and its leakage was determined as an evaluation index. The results showed that the L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 SLP significantly (P < 0.05) increased the stability of the liposomes in the course of thermal challenge. Furthermore, SLP was able to reduce the aggregation of liposomes in serum. Storage stability of liposomes was performed at 25 °C, 4 °C and −20 °C for 90 days. And the SLP-coated liposomes released less CF than the control liposomes during storage at the three evaluated temperatures. Our findings extended the application field of Lactobacillus SLPs and introduced a novel nanocarrier system with good chemical stability. • A novel kind of surface layer protein (SLP)-coated liposome was introduced. • SLP could enhance the thermal stability of positively charged liposomes. • SLP could enhance the serum stability of positively charged liposomes. • SLP could enhance the storage stability of positively charged liposomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenolic compounds is a promising strategy for bio-oil upgradation to produce high-value chemicals and fuels. Herein, a series of NiFeAlO x catalysts prepared by a co-precipitation method were applied in HDO of guaiacol as a typical model compound. The characterization results revealed that the catalyst with Ni/Fe/Al ratio of 3/0.5/2.5 possessed developed textural properties, small metal particles, abundant oxygen vacancies and acid sites. HDO of guaiacol occurred in two pathways with different hydrogen sources: the direct hydrogenation of benzene ring to 2-methoxycyclohexanone and the further hydrogenolysis and dehydration of intermediates to cyclohexane at 260 °C in n -hexane under H 2 for 6 h, while demethoxylation affording phenol followed by hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol at 220 °C in isopropanol under N 2 for 2 h. The different product composition results from the type of reactive H species, where active hydrogen species are hydrogen radicals using H 2 as the hydrogen source and hydrogen ions with opposite charges using isopropanol as the H-donor solvent, respectively. The Ni 3 Fe 0.5 Al 2.5 O x catalyst maintained good performance after five recycle experiments with a slight decrease in the conversion of guaiacol. Moreover, the catalyst showed excellent universality for selective HDO of other phenolic compounds to cycloalkanes or cycloalkanols. • Ni 3 Fe 0.5 Al 2.5 O x exhibits excellent hydrodeoxygenation performance. • The Ni/Fe/Al ratio affects the physicochemical properties of catalysts. • The H-source determines the reaction pathway for guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is considered a promising approach for wastewater treatment, but is hampered by low efficiency and limited understanding of degradation pathways. A novel oxygen-doped porous g-C 3 N 4 /oxygen vacancies-rich BiOCl (OCN/OVBOC) heterostructure was prepared for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The synergistic defect and doping engineering favor the formation of strong bonded interface for S-scheme mechanism. Among them, 0.3 OCN/OVBOC showed the most excellent degradation rate, which was 8 times and 4 times higher than that of pure g-C 3 N 4 and BiOCl, respectively. This excellent performance is mainly attributed to the significantly enhanced charge separation via strong bonded interface and redox capability of the S-scheme heterojunction structure, by tuning the coordination excitation and electron localization of the catalyst via O doping and vacancies. This work provides important insights into the role of synergistic defect and doping engineering in facilitating the formation of strong bonded S-scheme heterojunction and ultimately sheds new light on the design of efficient photocatalysts. [Display omitted] • A novel synergistic defect and doping engineering is proposed to build strong bonded interface for S-scheme heterojunction. • The excellent performance is derived by tuning the coordination excitation of the catalyst via O doping and vacancies. • The LC-MS was employed to investigate and confirm 3 path of degradation of intermediate products of BPA degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diesel particulate filter (DPF) is one of the most effective devices for reducing particulate emissions from diesel engines so as to satisfy emission regulations, and it has been widely utilized worldwide. After prolonged operation of the DPF, the accumulated non-combustible ash particulates can be sintered with filter walls and form ash-bridges, which will deteriorate DPF performance and increase emissions. Understanding physicochemical characteristics of ash-bridges is essential for elucidating the generation and evolution mechanisms of ash-bridges. Since lubricant additives are the main source of ash particulates, this study prepared four DPFs containing ash-bridges through accelerate ash loading experiments based on Zn-based, Ca-based, Mg-based, and composite lubricant additives. Subsequently, X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to analyze the structural characteristics, micro-morphology, and chemical composition of ash-bridges inside each DPF. The results indicate that Zn-based and composite ashes formed numerous fine ash-bridges in the middle of the DPF, whereas Ca-based and Mg-based ashes resulted in fully shaped and highly blocked ash-bridges. These ash-bridges aggregated into compact ash plugs downstream in all DPFs. The micro-morphology of Zn-based ash-bridges appeared as ball-and-stick, Ca-based ash-bridges aggregated into large ash aggregates in DPF downstream, Mg-based ash-bridges exhibited characteristics of high porosity, and the micro-morphology of composite ash-bridges is spherical in DPF downstream. The primary components of ash-bridges in Zn-based, Ca-based, and Mg-based DPFs are Zn 2 P 2 O 7 , CaSO 4 , and MgO, respectively. The main components of ash-bridges in composite DPF include Ca 7 Mg 2 P 6 O 24 , Zn 3 (PO 4) 2 (H 2 O) 4 , and CaSO 4. These findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of ash-bridges, contributing to the enhancement of DPF performance and durability. • Ash derived from different lubricant additives can form ash-bridges in DPF channels. • The structural characteristics of ash-bridges in the upstream, middle, and downstream of DPF were observed. • The micro-morphologies of ash-bridges from upstream to downstream of DPF center and edge channels were characterized. • The main element and chemical compound of ash-bridges were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• VSL was designed for as specialized feature engineering approach for intelligent control of WWTPs. • Performance of Machine Learning for Multiple Classes Improved by VSL. • Machine learning models based on VSL reduce energy consumption of aeration. • An automatic Python library called 'wwtpai' packages has been made free and open sourced. Intelligent control of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has the potential to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions significantly. Machine learning (ML) provides a promising solution to handle the increasing amount and complexity of generated data. However, relationships between the features of wastewater datasets are generally inconspicuous, which hinders the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in WWTPs intelligent control. In this study, we develop an automatic framework of feature engineering based on variation sliding layer (VSL) to control the air demand precisely. Results demonstrated that using VSL in classic machine learning, deep learning, and ensemble learning could significantly improve the efficiency of aeration intelligent control in WWTPs. Bayesian regression and ensemble learning achieved the highest accuracy for predicting air demand. The developed models with VSL-ML models were also successfully implemented under the full-scale wastewater treatment plant, showing a 16.12 % reduction in demand compared to conventional aeration control of preset dissolved oxygen (DO) and feedback to the blower. The VSL-ML models showed great potential to be applied for the precision air demand prediction and control. The package as a tripartite library of Python is called wwtpai , which is freely accessible on GitHub and CSDN to remove technical barriers to the application of AI technology in WWTPs. The surrounding water environment represents the wastewater treatment plant, the phrase(TN, TEMP, COD, Time, DO, MLSS, Flow rate and NH 3 -N) in the bubble indicates that the commonly used indicators of the wastewater plant are used to predict the air demand of aeration at the top of the figure. Human brain represents method of artificial intelligence, multiple neurons represent 12 algorithms (GBDT,LSTM,ANN,HUBER,KNN,SVM,ROBUST,DT,LGBM,VAYER,RF and XGB). The aeration quantity can be predicted through various algorithms. Use the library of Python (wwtpai) based on variation sliding layer (VSL) encapsulation to optimize the prediction result. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutamate plays a crucial role in cognitive impairments after ischemic stroke. There is a scarcity of information about how glutamate-induced activation of cAMP-response element binding (CREB) signaling pathway regulates both the negative and positive regulators of synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of prominent epigenetic repressors, such as MeCP2 and DNMTs, in stroke. Neuroprotective effects of oxytocin against ischemia have been previously reported, while the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In this research, the possible role of CREB-mediated DNA hypermethylation and the potential mechanism of oxytocin in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were assessed. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin at the onset of pMCAO. The effects of oxytocin on spines and the expression levels of synaptic genes were determined. The regulatory effects of oxytocin on glutamate level, N-methyl- D -aspartate receptors (NMDARs), its downstream CREB pathway, and global or gene-specific DNA methylation status were evaluated by immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. We found that CREB could act as a common transcription factor for MeCP2 and DNMT3B after ischemic stroke. Oxytocin dose-dependently deactivated NR2B-related CaM-CREB pathway and inhibited DNA hypermethylation at the CpG islands of Ngf gene in pMCAO-operated rats. Moreover, oxytocin prevented pMCAO-induced reduction in the number of spines and neural cells. DNA hypermethylation in Ngf gene contributed to the cognitive deficits post-stroke. The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin against ischemia could be attributed to inhibiting glutamate release, providing additional evidence on the mechanism of oxytocin against ischemic stroke. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four metamorphic stages (M 1 –M 4) of the Helanshan pelitic granulites are recorded by the mineral inclusions and reaction textures of garnets. • A complete clockwise P–T path of the Helanshan pelitic granulites is defined for the first time. • The prograde geothermal gradient of the Helanshan pelitic granulites (14 ± 1 °C/km) is similar to that the pelitic schists in the Himalayan Orogen (13 ± 2 °C/km). Granulite-facies metamorphic rocks are widely exposed in Paleoproterozoic orogens, and their prograde metamorphic evolution is critical for a better understanding of the Paleoproterozoic collisional orogenic and geodynamic processes. In this paper, we present the results of petrology, trace element geochemistry of garnet, P–T conditions calculated by phase equilibrium modeling and garnet trace element geothermobarometry, for the pelitic granulites of the Helanshan Complex in the western Khondalite Belt of the North China Craton (NCC). These results are used for determination of their metamorphic evolution and tectonic implications. Petrographic observations show that the metamorphic evolution of the pelitic granulites can be divided into four stages (M 1 –M 4), and these metamorphic stages are recorded by the mineral inclusions and reaction textures of garnets. Compared with the nearly flat major-element zoning, the zoning of yttrium (Y) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) in the garnet cores and mantles show bell-shaped distributions as well as inner-rim troughs and increases on the outer-rims. Different garnets have the same REE patterns in the same textural domain. The bell-shaped distributions of trace elements (Y and HREEs) in the garnets were controlled mainly by Rayleigh fractionation processes under subsolidus conditions, whereas the increases in these elements in the garnet rims were related to the breakdown of major and accessory phases under suprasolidus conditions. By combination of phase equilibrium modeling and garnet trace element geothermobarometry, a complete clockwise P–T path is constructed for the pelitic granulites. This P–T path is characterized by the heating as pressure rising during evolution from early metamorphic stage (M 1 : 4.2 ± 0.3 kbar/524 ± 17 °C) to peak metamorphic stage (M 2-1 ; 9.8–10.6 kbar /794–815 °C), which is followed by a isothermal decompression (ITD) to the condition of 5.8–6.5 kbar/808–833 °C and later near isobaric cooling (IBC) to subsolidus. As a result, the pelitic granulites revealed that the formation of the Khondalite Belt experienced initially crustal thickening and post collisional extensional uplift. Integrated with previously reported results, the prograde geothermal gradient of the Helanshan pelitic granulites (14 ± 1 °C/km) is similar to that the pelitic schists in the Himalayan Orogen (13 ± 2 °C/km), which suggests that the Paleoproterozoic and present-day orogens have similar geothermal gradient during crustal thickening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensifying and expanding sustainable aquaculture is essential for achieving the United Nations' global goal of the Decade of Action. Cage culture is a typical aquaculture method in the world. As an essential part of cages, the nets maintain the breeding space, protect the cultured species and prevent them from escaping. In the cages, the nets have the most significant proportion and bear most of the hydrodynamic load. Meanwhile, the nets are small-scale, flexible structures prone to large displacement and deformation in wave and current, reducing cultural space and threatening cultured species' health. In addition, the wave and flow fields around the nets will determine the cages' water exchange, which affects the cultured species' welfare. Studying the netting hydrodynamic characteristics is crucial to ensure the culture facilities' security and promote cage culture development. This study reviews the research on netting hydrodynamics from hydrodynamic loads, dynamic response, and the flow-wave field around the nets. Summarizes the unsolved research problems and future explore directions, which provides a reference for designing and optimizing cages. Combining multiple parameters and focusing on the connection between them is the key to encouraging the sustainable development of aquaculture. • The cage nets' hydrodynamics are analyzed from hydrodynamic loads, dynamic response, and the flow-wave field. • The formulas for the no-fouling nets' hydrodynamic coefficient and their application scope are summarized. • The cages' structural parameters' effect on the netting dynamic response is explored. • The netting wake effect is analyzed based on the impact range and biological effects. • The fish school effects on the netting hydrodynamic characteristics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pyrolysis, the intrinsic organic species in coals play an important role on the formation of tar but the relationship between them has not been elucidated in detail. In this study, the composition and structural characteristics of pyrolysis tars and soluble portions (SPs) via thermal dissolution from Baoqing lignite were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Orbitrap MS), and the formation mechanisms of main components in pyrolysis tars were proposed. FTIR analyses showed that both the SPs and tars are rich in -OH, C O, aromatic C C, C-O, aliphatic and aromatic C-H functional groups, suggesting they are partially similar in composition and structure. GC/MS and Orbitrap MS analyses indicated that a part of soluble organic species was directly volatilized into the tars, while others were suffered from complex reactions during pyrolysis, such as the cleavage of bridged bonds, the decomposition of oxygen-containing functional groups and the condensation of aromatics. Compared with the SPs, the higher contents of CH and O 1 classes but lower contents of O 2 -O 6 classes in the tars demonstrated that the soluble organic species are partially or completely deoxygenated during pyrolysis. [Display omitted] ● The yield of pyrolysis tars is obvious lower than that of soluble organic species. ● The components of tars are very closely related to soluble organic species. ● A part of soluble organic species is directly volatilized into pyrolysis tars. ● The soluble organic species were subjected to deoxygenation during pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The transamidation approaching N -substituted amides from various primary amides and amines was achieved with high yields. • The transamidation was catalyzed by non-harmful PVP-I instead of molecule I 2. • Several drugs were successfully acquired with a better performance than those previous reported references. Non-harmful Povidone iodine (PVP-I) was applied in the transamidation to gain N -substituted amides from various primary amides and amines. Diverse aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic primary amides/amines were applied in our developed method and more than 45 N -substituted amides were obtained with excellent yields in most cases. Several drugs such as Melatonin and Efaproxiral were successfully acquired with a better performance than those previous reported results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has very strong ecological adaptability and phenotypic plasticity. Here, the genome of B. dorsalis was assembled into 549.45 Mb sequences with a contig N50 length of 12.81 Mb. Among, 95.67 % assembled genome sequences were anchored on six chromosomes with an N50 length of 94.63 Mb. According to the basic characteristics of the sex chromosomes of Tephritidae, the X chromosome of B. dorsalis was identified. Significant gene expansions were detected in several important gene families related to adaptability. In particular, we annotated 50 histone modification enzymes (HMEs) in this genome. A comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that 12 HME genes were differentially expressed in two thermo-tolerant strains (heat and cold). Interestingly, four and seven of the 12 HME genes responded to heat shock or cold hardening, respectively. These evidences suggested that the histone modification as an epigenetic modification may be involved in the thermal tolerance of B. dorsalis , but with different regulation mechanisms in thermal acclimation and hardening. The high quality genome of B. dorsalis provides an invaluable resource for further functional genomic study. Moreover, comparative genomic analysis will shed insights on revealing the mechanisms of adaptive evolution in this fly. • A high-quality chromosomal-scale genome with the successfully identified X chromosome of B. dorsalis was assembled. • Significant gene expansions were detected in several gene families related to adaptability. • Fifty histone modification enzymes (HMEs) were annotated and HMEs involved in the thermal tolerance were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrathin Ni-Al-LDHs loaded on surface of γ-Fe 2 O 3 -Cd2+-Ni2+-Fe3+–CO 3 2−LDHs improves the specific surface area. • The magnetic properties of product required for facile separation and recycling. • The product can be used repeatedly without significant loss of efficiency after 10 cycles of regeneration experiment. • The produced has potential application value in multistage recycling wastewater treatment. The construction of three-dimensional (3D) Ni2+-Al3+-LDH / γ-Fe 2 O 3 - Cd2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-layered double hydroxide (LDH) structures (S1–S6) with magnetic properties and different (γ-Fe 2 O 3 - Cd2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDH)/(Ni2+-Al3+-LDH) ratios were successfully prepared. The effects of these ratios in these 3D LDH constructions on physicochemical properties were investigated using XRD, SEM, VSM, UV–vis, and BET analyses. The specific surface area and band gap of these materials decreased with increased ratio, while the saturation magnetization increased. The synergistic combination of saturation magnetization, adsorption characteristics, and band gap of six sample types were evaluated. S3 samples were used in a multistage recycling treatment study of dye wastewater and fluoride ion (F −)-containing wastewater, effectively degrading methyl orange (MO) due to its high photocatalytic activity. After this, the memory effect of the calcined product (S3, 300 °C) significantly enhanced the migration and diffusion of F − , resulting in a F − adsorption capacity of 49.25 mg/g. The recycling properties of this composite material for photocatalytic degradation and adsorption capabilities for F − removal were evaluated, showing a reduction in efficiency of only 1 % and 8.6 % for degradation of MO and F − removal respectively, with no significant loss of efficiency after 10 cycles. Adsorption experiments and subsequent sample characterization showed that the F − adsorption mechanism of S3 involved ion exchange mechanism and sorption sites (interlayer, basal, edges and junction sites). The existence of oxygen vacancies and formation of S-scheme heterojunction between γ-Fe 2 O 3 -Cd2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDH and Ni2+-Al3+-LDH, resulted in the improvement of the photocatalytic activity. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that Ni2+-Al3+-LDH/γ-Fe 2 O 3 - Cd2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDH composites were a promising adsorbent for degradation of MO and F − removal in practical multilevel utilization due to its simple synthesis, low-cost, recyclability, and high removal capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe/NC catalyst shows good activity and stability for cleaving C-O bonds in lignite. • Fe-N and Fe/Fe 3 C species in the catalyst were crucial to the catalytic activity. • Active hydrogen species were hydrogen radicals generated from H 2 and isopropanol. • The hydrocracking products have higher H/C ratio and heating values than lignite. • Catalytic hydrocracking promoted producing phenols via the cleavage of C-O bonds. Cleaving C-O bridged bonds of lignite via catalytic hydrocracking (CHC) is an effective method to produce chemicals and clean fuels. Herein, a nitrogen-doped carbon supported Fe catalyst was developed by using a one-pot method for CHC of Xilinguole lignite (XL) and its related model compounds. The doped nitrogen enhanced the interaction between Fe and N species to form Fe-N sites and favored forming smaller Fe/Fe 3 C nanocrystals, which played a crucial role in CHC performance. Toluene and phenol were produced from CHC of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE) with high yield and selectivity at 250 °C over the optimal catalyst with 4% Fe, without hydrogenation products. The Fe-based catalyst activated both H 2 and isopropanol to generate hydrogen radicals for cleaving C-O bridged bonds. The CHC of XL under different temperature and time showed that the yields of oil, asphaltene and preasphaltene were obviously promoted under 325 °C, 1 MPa, and 6 h, and they had much higher H/C ratio but remarkably lower O/C ratio, resulting in much higher heating values (28.19–36.90 MJ/kg) than XL. Phenols were the major group component with relative content of 53.6 wt% in oil from CHC, and the asphaltene and preasphaltene from CHC had obviously lower molecular weights, which could attributed to depolymerization of C-O bridged bonds in the XL macromolecular structures over the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lysine-specific demethylase 1 (KDM1A) is reported to be a regulator in learning and memory. However, the effect of KDM1A in oxycodone rewarding memory has yet to be studied. In our study, rewarding memory was assessed by using conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice. Next generation sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR were used to explore the molecular mechanisms. Oxycodone significantly decreased PP1α mRNA and protein levels in hippocampal neurons. Oxycodone significantly increased KDM1A and H3K4me1 levels, while significantly decreased H3K4me2 levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Behavioral data demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of ORY-1001 (KDM1A inhibitor) or intra-hippocampal injection of KDM1A siRNA/shRNA blocked the acquisition and expression of oxycodone CPP and facilitated the extinction of oxycodone CPP. The decrease of PP1α was markedly blocked by the injection of ORY-1001 or KDM1A siRNA/shRNA. Oxycodone-induced enhanced binding of CoRest with KDM1A and binding of CoRest with the PP1α promoter was blocked by ORY-1001. The level of H3K4me2 demethylation was also decreased by the treatment. The results suggest that oxycodone-induced upregulation of KDM1A via demethylation of H3K4me2 promotes the binding of CoRest with the PP1α promoter, and the subsequent decrease in PP1α expression in hippocampal neurons may contribute to oxycodone reward. [Display omitted] • Oxycodone upregulated KDM1A expression in hippocampal neurons. • KDM1A promoted the binding of CoRest with the PP1α promoter. • Demethylation of H3K4me2 at the PP1α promoter may contribute to oxycodone reward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used to detect uric acid (UA), but still very challenging to achieve a low detection limit due to the low inferior conductivity of MOFs. Herein, three different N-doped ZIF-67-derived carbons were synthesized for the first time by one-step co-pyrolysis of 2-methylimidazole with cobalt nitrate (CN), cobalt acetate (CA) or cobalt chloride (CC) toward UA sensing. Afterwards, the cobalt nitrate-derived Co particle (Co/CN) supported by N-doped ZIF-67-derived carbon displays extremely low detection limit and high sensitivity for UA, outperformed all reported MOFs-based UA sensors. More interestingly, it was discovered that the high valence Co4+ within the Co/CN sample produced in high-acidic environment can intercalate in the frame for a bridge adsorption between two reaction sites, which boosted simultaneous 2-electron transfer, while Co3+ only allows an end-adsorption structure for one-electron transfer being the rate determining step. Furthermore, the bridge adsorption mode of UA on Co4+ -based catalyst was also verified by theoretical DFT calculations and XPS experiment. This work holds great promise for a selective and sensitive UA sensor for practical bioscience and clinic diagnostic applications while shedding lights in fundamental research for innovative designs and developments of high-sensitive electrochemical sensors. Co4+ of Co/CN is favorable to a bridge-adsorption of UA resulting in low detection limit and good selectivity for detection of UA, which is much superior to the nano-scaled particles based biomimetic ones and ranking the best for all reported Co-based sensors. [Display omitted] • One-step pyrolysis to successfully prepare Co/CN containing high states Co4+. • The Co/CN UA sensor accomplishes an extremely low detection limit of 88 nM with high selectivity and wide linear range, ranking the best among all reported Co-based UA sensors. • The Co/CN sensor is successfully used to high-sensitively monitor UA released from human serum, holding great promise in clinical diagnosis. • An enhancement mechanism of Co/CN UA sensor is systematically investigated for the scientific insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni and Zr modified nanosheet ZSM-5 zeolites as tandem catalysts were designed using co-impregnation method (Zr-Ni/S-Z5) or combining in-situ hydrothermal synthesis of Ni@S-Z5 and sequential impregnation of Zr (Zr/Ni@ S-Z5). Their applications in upgrading of lignite pyrolysis volatiles coupling with methanol to light aromatics were investigated. The results demonstrated that nanosheet zeolites with larger surface areas and shorter b-axis length benefited the production of light aromatics due to exposing more active sites and improved diffusion limitation compared with conventional ZSM-5 zeolites. Adding Ni and Zr into tandem catalysts further enhanced BTEXN yields, which was attributed to the induction of oxyphilic ZrO 2 for activating C Ar -O bonds combining the promotion of Ni for hydrogenation. Comparing to Zr-Ni/S-Z5 catalyst, lower BTEXN yield was observed due to the decrease in exposing active sites over Zr/Ni@ S-Z5 catalyst. Moreover, enhancing diffusion behaviors in shorter b-axis length and the presence of more fractions of external coke indicated less effective in blocking pore channels, thus nanosheet zeolite series showed lower deactivation rates. [Display omitted] • Nanosheet zeolites with larger surface areas and shorter b-axis benefited the production of light aromatics. • Adding Ni and Zr into tandem catalysts further enhanced BTEXN yields. • Nanosheet zeolites with more fractions of external coke presented lower deactivation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain the motion state of a school of fish in marine cage culture and improve the automatic detection capability for large areas of marine culture, this paper proposes a fish-motion vector-field extraction method for marine cage culture, which primarily comprises cage region extraction and motion vector calculation. The proposed method uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as the carrier, and the interference of marine environment is fully considered. First, blurred images are discarded, and the culture area is obtained by a holistically-nested edge detection (HED) network. Second, the validity of the current frame is determined by the local binary patterns (LBPs) of the feature image. Third, the images are transformed, and the vector-field information of fish swarm is obtained using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis method. This study integrates traditional image analysis and deep network technology while also fully considering the image distortion caused by UAV flight attitude changes in the actual detection process. Finally, images of Takifugu rubripe net cages were used to verify the method. The results show that the proposed method has strong practicability and applicability. • A UAV-based vector field analysis method of fish movement in marine cage is proposed. • The proposed method can detect fish region accurately, steadily and efficiently. • The motion instability of UAV in the air is fully considered in the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare surgical characteristics, clinical efficacy, and complications of plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to May 2018, 370 patients underwent TURP were included into the TURP group. Meanwhile, another 370 patients underwent PKEP (matched by age, prostate volume, and duration of BPH) were included into the PKEP group. Then, the differences of surgical characteristics, clinical efficacy, and complications were compared between the two groups.Results: The operative time, intraoperative irrigation volume, postoperative irrigation time and irrigation volume, drop in hemoglobin, blood transfusion, postoperative catheterization time, and hospital stay of the PKEP group were significantly less than those of the TURP group (P <.05). No significant differences were observed in the resected tissue weight, visual analogue scale score, and total cost of hospitalization (P >.05); The quality of life score of the PKEP group was significantly lower than that of the TURP group (P <.05). No significant differences of maximum flow rate, postvoid residual urine, Serum prostate-specific antigen, international prostate symptom score and International Index of Erectile Function score were observed (P >.05); The incidences of urinary tract irritation, massive hemorrhage, secondary hemorrhage, bladder spasm, clot retention, and retrograde ejaculation of the PKEP group were significantly lower than those of the TURP group (P <.05).Conclusion: PKEP and TURP are comparable regarding cost burden and clinical efficacy in medium-term follow-up. However, PKEP should be given a priority for BPH treatment because of less complication rate and better safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freeway traffic safety should be given great attention due to the frequent and serious consequences that arise from freeway traffic crashes. With the possibility of obtaining high resolution traffic big data, traditional freeway safety promotion methods are gradually replaced by the emerging technology of active safety control based on the real-time traffic data. However, there is still a lack of cross-area pertinence towards dynamic traffic safety currently. To overcome the defects of existing dynamic traffic crash precursors identification studies and provide precise theoretical basis for freeway dynamic safety control, this research took cross-area freeways as the research object. Firstly, based on the LOS (level of service) A–F theory and the consideration of area types, six units to be evaluated were generated (two dimensions totally: saturated/unsaturated flow, urban/suburban/mountainous). Then, conditional logistic regression based on Markov chain Monte Carlo method was adopted to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic risk of cross-area freeways. Finally, 20 related traffic flow variables were extracted from five dimensions which can reflect the dynamic traffic flow characteristics, and the machine learning approaches including random forest algorithm and Bayesian logistics regression were applied for analysis and modeling; then, crash precursors were identified for each type of freeway area, and the statistical relationship between traffic flow variables and crash risk was established via the statistical models. The results show the area types and traffic conditions of freeway are significantly correlated with dynamic traffic safety, and the crash risk in the urban area/saturated flow condition is the highest, which is 29.6 times of that in the condition of suburban area/unsaturated flow. When the traffic operates at the freeway of urban/unsaturated flow, the formation of small fleets and the lane changing behavior play a dominant role influencing crash risk; when operating at urban/saturated flow, frequent acceleration or deceleration in the fleet and frequent lane changes during the formation of the fleet have great impact towards crash risk. When traffic operates at suburban/unsaturated flow, the main crash precursors are the sudden change of occupancy and volume in a short period, as well as the formation of a small fleet. When operating at suburban/saturated flow, the crash-prone variables are the sudden increase of speed and occupancy in a short period and the change of volume. When traffic operates at mountainous/unsaturated flow, the changes of speed and occupancy in a short period and the formation of small fleets are the main factors influencing crash. When operating at mountainous/saturated flow, lane changing behavior, the sudden increase of volume, and the speed mutation of some vehicles in saturated flow are the significant precursors. The results indicate every area type of freeway has a different mechanism of traffic crash. Moreover, with the consideration of freeway area types and traffic state differences, the machine learning and statistical combination models proposed in this research can identify the relationship and mechanism between dynamic traffic flow characteristics and traffic safety more comprehensively and accurately, and the identification results in this research can refer to the further dynamic crash prediction work for cross-area freeway. • Combined statistical and machine learning models are proposed. • Traffic states and area types are both considered simultaneously. • Model considering freeway area differences can identify crash precursors well. • The mechanism of dynamic traffic crash varies in cross-area freeways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sand physico-chemical properties exhibited distinct changes across the intertidal zones on island beaches. • Consistent patterns of variation were observed in macrofaunal diversity and functional groups across the intertidal zones. • Variations in macrofaunal communities on island beaches were primarily influenced by sand moisture, salinity, and nutrition. • Island beaches are not ecological deserts, they require careful protection. Island beaches, once mistakenly considered as 'ecological deserts', are actually unique ecosystems that support abundant macrofaunal communities. However, limited studies have examined the variations and determinants of macrofaunal communities across the intertidal zones on island beaches, which is crucial for shedding light on the underlying ecological processes and enhancing biodiversity conservation efforts. Here, we explored the variations in macrofaunal communities along sand physico-chemical gradient across four intertidal zones on nine representative beaches, within the largest land-bridge archipelago in eastern China. Our findings revealed that species richness, density, and Shannon-Wiener diversity of macrofaunal communities were notably higher in the lower intertidal zones, exhibiting a positive correlation with elevated levels of sand moisture (M), electrical conductivity (EC), available potassium (AK), and grain size (GS). Conversely, macrofaunal Simpson diversity displayed an inverse pattern, with heightened values observed in the vegetation zone. The Saprophagous, Predaceous, and Omnivorous groups of macrofaunal communities demonstrated an increase with higher levels of EC, AK, and M in the lower intertidal zones. Furthermore, Phytophagous group of macrofaunal communities tended to inhabit the vegetation zones characterized by elevated levels of sand total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and organic carbon (OC). Primarily, our findings indicate that sand nutrition, moisture, and salinity play pivotal roles in shaping the variations of macrofaunal communities on island beaches. These insights offer valuable perspectives into the holistic responses of macrofauna on island beaches to changes in sand physico-chemical properties, serving as a crucial theoretical foundation for the assessment, conservation, and restoration of island beaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of physical model experiments were performed to investigate the characteristics of the motion responses of a multi-module aquaculture platform. A decay test in calm water and regular wave experiments were performed for the platform in a wave basin. The natural period, damping coefficients of the platform, horizontal stiffness of the mooring system in calm water, and motion responses of the platform modules in regular waves were obtained. Owing to the central enclosed cabin and greater mass, the living module of the platform has a larger natural period and damping coefficient than the aquaculture module. Furthermore, the existence of the nets has a significant effect on the motion characteristics of the modules, and the influence of the nets on the damping of the heave motion is larger than that of the pitch motion. The motion responses of the entire platform system in the surge (sway) and yaw directions exhibit obvious low-frequency characteristics. Under regular waves with two incident angles (45° and 180°), the three-degree-of-freedom motion responses of the two types of modules exhibit the same trend as the wave frequency increases. The surge and heave responses have low-frequency characteristics, whereas the pitch response exhibits wave–frequency characteristics. • An innovative offshore multi-module aquaculture platform was proposed. • Hydrodynamic responses of both the single module and platform were conducted. • Transfer functions of motion responses for various modules in waves were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]