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Objective This study collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the social sciences in China and assessed their risk of bias and reporting quality. Study Design and Setting Three databases were systematically searched for publications from January 2000 to June 2020 for RCTs in the social sciences published by Chinese researchers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (CCRBT), and reporting quality was assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Social and Psychological Interventions (CONSORT-SPI). Results A total of 316 RCTs were identified, including 204 articles in English and 112 articles in Chinese. The most frequently researched interventions focused on education (33.9%), and the most frequently studied population were students (32.9%). Eighty-seven percent of RCTs had intermediate reporting quality. Twenty-four of the 43 CONSORT-SPI sub-items had a compliance rate of less than 50%. Most RCTs had an unclear risk of bias for blinding outcome assessors (84.5%), blinding participants and personnel (82.9%), allocation concealment (73.1%), and random sequence generation (68.0%). A low proportion of CONSORT-SPI items were reported and, high proportion of the papers had unclear risk of bias. Conclusion The quality and reporting of RCTs in the social sciences needs improvement in China, especially for reporting methods and results. Most studies had an unclear risk of bias as they lacked important methodological information.

Objectives To present the history and potential for development of evidence-based (EB) social work in China. Study design and setting The conception and methodology of EB social work is a potential strategy to support high quality development of social work in China. This article documents and analyzes the progress of EB social work in China. We focus on current research, reasons, challenges, and strategies. Results EB social work started late in China. The number of EB social work literature and systematic reviews has increased since 2004. The development of EB social work has been uneven nationally with few practitioners and decision makers involved. However, more and more social work researchers received training in evidence-based practice through national workshops and conferences. Conclusion EB social work faced various challenges, but there are now more opportunities for EB social work development in China. Researchers, practitioners, managers and decision makers are encouraged to work together to establish a thorough methodological system and use existing evidence as much as possible when carrying out social work programs and services.

Objective To share the experience of promoting GRADE in China. Study Design and Setting We designed the study and collected data on the following three aspects of the GRADE in China: the key activities related to GRADE, the main achievements of the GRADE, and potential challenges and future opportunities. Results Three GRADE centres have been established in China since 2011. Seventeen articles of the GRADE working group have been translated and published in Chinese, and 31 articles have been written by Chinese scientists in Chinese to introduce and interpret the GRADE approach so far. More than 50 GRADE workshops and meetings have been held by GRADE centres in China, covering two-thirds of all provinces and autonomous regions of China. The percentages of societies from the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and the Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA) that used the GRADE system to develop guidelines were 30% and 18%, respectively. Conclusion Over the past decade, China has made progress in promoting the GRADE system and Chinese GRADE centres have made a significant contribution.

This bibliometric analysis aims to analyze the high-cited papers (HCPs), those which have received100 citations) on Sarcopenia to provide insight into publication performances and research characteristics of the literature.Global HCPs on Sarcopenia research were identified from the Scopus database from January 1993 to August 2022. VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny software were used to visualize the collaborative interaction among most productive countries, organizations, authors, and keywords. Select bibliometric measures were applied to evaluate the publication productivity and their influence in this area.Out of 6219 publications on Sarcopenia only 398 were HCPs. These HCPs received an average of 271.7 citations per publication (CPP). The most productive organizations were the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy, and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, USA. The most impactful organizations in terms of CPP and relative citation index were CHU de Toulouse, France, and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy. The most productive authors were Landi F and Morley JE, and Anker SD from Italy and Germany respectively. The most impactful authors were: Cederholm T (Sweden), Cruz JAJ (Spain) and Rolland Y (France). There were few/no HCPs from South America, Africa, South Asia, and USSR.Sarcopenia research has been predominantly done in USA, Europe, and China, and rarely from low and middle-income countries. Further focus of research should be on its etiopathogenesis (especially at the molecular level), prevalence in different communities, methods to diagnose it in early stages, and its cost-effective management.

Research on soil microplastics is currently at an early stage, and there is no widely approved sampling protocol. Even so, any basic research should minimize errors to ensure that they are not amplified in future research. This paper examines some weaknesses of the original research paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China' recently published in this journal. The authors neglected to report the equipment used for soil sampling and did not use field blank samples. There is also a soil layer that was incorrectly named. The type and pore size of filter paper used for filtration during pre-analytical soil sample preparation is very important. In this paper the nature of the filter paper used, and its larger pore sizes are questionable by today's scientists. In addition, the authors in the original paper also overlooked reporting the statistical package used for statical analysis and ensuring if all data sets obey normality, homogeneity, and equality before running the one-way ANOVA test. This statistical step is widely considered mandatory, especially in the soil science community. So, this makes it difficult to trust the results documented. Furthermore, in the original paper, the needle and stereo microscope instruments used to sort microplastic-like materials prior to proper analysis are not reliable.

Nitrite is one of the most common carcinogens in daily food. Its simple, rapid, inexpensive, and in-field measurement is important for food safety, based on the requirements of the standard from Codex Alimentarius Commission and China. Using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and thin layer silica gel (SG), p-aminophenylcyclic acid (SA) and naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride (NEH), as carriers and chromogenic agents, respectively, PAN-NSS as nitrite color sensor is proposed. After fixing and protecting of SA and NEH with layer-upon-layer PAN, the validity period of the test paper can be prolonged from 7 days to more than 30 days. The reproducibility of PAN-NSS preparation is ensured by electrospinning. Combined with PAN-NSS, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and APP as a visual monitoring platform, which has the functions of rapid sampling, data processing and transmission, intuitive feedback, etc., and provides a fully integrated detection system for field detection.

Using a monthly data between 2008 and 2019, this study investigated how the development of the Internet technologies has shaped the consumer consumption pattern of different types of paper products in China during this period. In detail, this study covers four major types of paper products in the Chinese market: newsprint, printing paper, household paper, and packaging paper. The developments of Internet technologies were decomposed into two aspects: the communication technology (CT) and the software platform technology (PT). Granger causality analysis was employed to determine whether the consumption pattern of paper products was affected by the development of the Internet. Furthermore, impulse-response analyses were utilized to measure how the consumption pattern of each paper product was shaped by the development of each aspect of Internet technologies, i.e., CT or PT. The empirical results suggested that the Internet developments are causing the consumption patterns shifts of all four paper products. Specifically, the consumptions of newsprint and printing paper were driven by both CT and PT. However, the consumptions of packaging paper and household paper were driven by the PT only. Compared to the development of CT, we found that the quick evolution of PT plays a more significant role in shifting people's consumption of paper products in China. The empirical results revealed by this study could provide valuable economics and policy implications to both academia and relevant industries.

Background School closures and home confinement due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may lead to disrupted sleep patterns. Consequently, it could increase the risk of children and adolescents’ mental health disorders. Methods In this prospective study, we randomly selected ten schools in Shanghai and conducted cluster sampling of students from each school. The first wave of the survey was conducted between January 3 and 21, 2020. Approximately two months after the COVID-19 outbreak declared, a second wave of the survey was conducted. In total, 2427 individuals were surveyed in both waves using the same sampling method. Participants’ mental health status (depression, anxiety and stress), sleep patterns and other demographic information were measured in both waves. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the associations between sleep patterns and mental health status. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, a total of 873 participants (19.9%), 1100 participants (25.1%), and 670 participants (15.3%) reported depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. Significant changes of both sleep duration and sleep-wake cycle patterns were observed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, shorter sleep duration and late to rise patterns (including early to bed late to rise and late to bed late to rise) were found to be associated with higher odds of having mental illnesses during the pandemic. Conclusion These results suggest there is a pressing need to monitor children's and adolescents’ health behavior and mental health and develop timely evidence‐based strategies and interventions to mitigate adverse behavioral and psychological impacts caused by these unprecedented challenges.

Background The outbreak of COVID-19 has been a big challenge for senior high school students in China who are facing tremendous pressure of the highly competitive College Entrance Examination. Methods To evaluate the psychological impact of the event in the population, we conducted an anonymous online survey among senior high school students in China between 26 Feb and 4 March, 2020. Information collected included demographic characteristics, attitude toward medical study, infection of COVID-19 in acquaintances, anxiety symptoms evaluated using the GAD-7, and health literacy level measured using the IDSHL. Results Of 21,085 participants, 3,575 (17.0%), 943 (4.5%) and 448 (2.1%) reported with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety. Female, higher academic year, worse self-evaluated academic performance, negative attitude toward medical study, living in Hubei province and having acquaintance infected with COVID-19 were significantly associated with anxiety level, while higher education level of mother and higher IDSHL score were associated with a lower risk. The score of IDSHL, particularly of the domain “infectious disease prevention”, was associated with the GAD-7 score in a linear pattern (β=-0.0371, p

Background The majority of medical students in China have experienced home confinement and a reliance on online resources to study medicine since the outbreak of COVID-19. More time spent studying online during the COVID-19 pandemic may be a potential risk factor for problematic smartphone use, since smartphones have become the most commonly used device for accessing the internet. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between anxiety, smartphone problematic use and sleep disturbance among medical students during the enforced COVID-19 home confinement. Methods Altogether, 666 medical students validly answered a self-administered questionnaire, which included the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Smartphone addiction scale - short version, and the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance scale (short form). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to explore the associated factors of anxiety. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test hypothesized associations. Results Anxiety was significantly associated with problematic smartphone use and sleep disturbance among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic smartphone use not only directly affected anxiety, but also exerted a significant indirect effect on anxiety via sleep disturbance. A significant decrease of the path coefficient of problematic smartphone use on anxiety (from β=0.53 to β=0.22, P

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a lot of working stress to medical workers and has a certain impact on their mental health. Working stress is closely related to the increase in anxiety, but few studies have explored whether their relationship will be affected by positive psychological factors in the special situation. Methods 798 medical workers were investigated online after the outbreak of the COVID-19 (10 February to 1 March 2020) in China. The relevant questionnaires were used to evaluate working stress, anxiety, sense of control, and psychological capital. The moderated mediation model test was performed using the SPSS software and PROCESS macro program. Results Working stress could directly affect anxiety, and indirectly affect anxiety through sense of control. In addition, psychological capital moderated the direct effect of working stress on anxiety, which is more effective at high level of psychological capital. Psychological capital also moderated the second half of the indirect effect of working stress on anxiety, at low level of psychological capital, sense of control was more effective in predicting anxiety. Limitations All the data in this study was collected through online questionnaire. The anxiety response measured in this study cannot be specific to the viral epidemic. Conclusions Under the COVID-19 epidemic situation, for medical workers, low sense of control and low level of psychological capital may be important risk factors of anxiety caused by working stress. Thus, strengthening the sense of control and psychological capital of medical workers would be helpful to reduce their anxiety and maintain their mental health.

Objectives Evidence-based healthcare contributes to the improvement of healthcare quality and informs healthcare decision-making. The provision of timely high-quality evidence is always required to fulfil the ever-changing needs and expectations of healthcare personnel. This study aimed to assess the needs and expectations of healthcare personnel regarding evidence-based healthcare in China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey from December 8, 2020 to January 15, 2021 involving 901 participants across China. Healthcare providers, policy makers, researchers and educators, and full-time postgraduate medical and nursing students working/living in China were eligible to participate. A self-developed questionnaire was used. Results Participants generally agreed that health-related research evidence was beneficial. Evidence-based resources, such as Cochrane resources, were only known or used by about half of the respondents due to difficulties related to availability and accessibility. Various types of resources, topics of evidence, and themes of workshops were of particular interest to most of the participants. Conclusions The dissemination and translation of evidence, provision of more support in evidence availability, offering evidence-based training, and determining the most in-demand research areas have been identified as priority areas of work which could fulfil the needs and expectations of healthcare personnel in China.

Objective This study aimed to explore whether aiding Wuhan experience of nurses was associated with adverse mental health outcome one year after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Methods In this study, 100 nurses with and 100 nurses without aiding Wuhan experience a year ago were enrolled from February 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021 in Zhejiang Province, China. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, distress and psychological resilience of participants was assessed and analyzed. Results A total of 100 participants from 112 aiding Wuhan nurses completed the survey, with a response rate of 89.3%. Another 100 nurses from the same hospitals without aiding Wuhan experience were enrolled as controls. In both groups, a considerable proportion of participants reported symptoms of depression (46.0% for the aiding Wuhan group vs. 49.0% for the controls, similarly hereinafter), anxiety (40.0% vs. 38.0%), and PTSD (61.0% vs. 56.0%). Aiding Wuhan nurses were more likely to suffer from insomnia (41.0% vs. 29.0%, P = 0.041). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that aiding Wuhan experience was not associated with depression (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.22; 95%CI, 0.05–1.01), anxiety (AOR 0.53; 95%CI, 0.12–2.43), insomnia (AOR 1.52; 95%CI, 0.76–3.02), PTSD (AOR 0.50; 95%CI, 0.19–1.34), or resilience (AOR 1.59; 95%CI, 0.78–3.26). Resilience was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD. Conclusions This survey indicated that aiding Wuhan experience a year ago did not cause additional adverse mental health outcomes in nurses, expect for insomnia. The psychological status of nurses in general calls for more attention.

Summary: Background: A restrictive use of episiotomy was recommended by the obstetric society in China, but limited information on the epidemiology and the effects of restrictive use of episiotomy on maternal and fetal outcomes have been published. Methods: The China Labor and Delivery Survey is a cross-sectional investigation with a cluster random sampling scheme in 2015-2016 with the aim to describe detailed epidemiology of labor and delivery in China. We calculated the episiotomy rate by parity using the survey data. Associated factors of episiotomy were selected using mixed models with a random effect for the hospital-level clustering. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the effects of mediolateral episiotomy on maternal and neonatal outcomes among the propensity score-matched women. Findings: The episiotomy rate among vaginal births was 41·7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 40·1% - 43·2%] in nulliparae and 21·5% (95% CI: 19·4% - 23·5%) in multiparae in China. Associated factors of episiotomy included prepregnancy BMI, maternal diseases, and obstetric factors. More than half of episiotomies in nulliparae and one-fourth in multiparae had no indications. Mediolateral episiotomy without indicators increased the risk of 3rd or 4th degree perineal laceration [odds ratio (OR) =2·64, 95% CI: 1·08-6·48)] in nulliparae without neonatal benefits. Interpretation: Episiotomy was performed more than medically necessary in China. Mediolateral episiotomy without indications more than doubled the risk of 3rd and 4th degree perineal laceration in nulliparae without neonatal benefits. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shanghai Health Commission Programme.

Highlights • Study of smoking and panic, depression, and anxiety over time and across two cultures. • Smoking at baseline did not predict higher panic or depression at follow-up in either German or Chinese students. • Smoking did predict lower anxiety in German students. • Baseline anxiety predicted increased likelihood of smoking at follow-up in German, but not Chinese students. • Baseline depression did not predict smoking at follow-up in German or Chinese students., The present study examines the relationship between smoking and panic, depression, and anxiety over time and across two cultures, using data from the BOOM studies. The relationship between smoking and anxiety disorders, including panic requires further exploration, in order to reconcile inconsistent, contradictory findings and cross-cultural differences. Participants in the present study included 5,416 Chinese university students and 282 German university students. Participants completed surveys assessing smoking, panic, depression, and anxiety. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine predict later mental health from smoking, as well as later smoking from mental health. In sum, across the regressions, smoking at baseline did not predict higher panic or depression at follow-up in either German or Chinese students. It did predict lower anxiety in German students. Anxiety at baseline, but not depression, predicted increased likelihood of smoking at follow-up in German students. The relationship between smoking and anxiety disorders is one that will require further exploration, in order to reconcile inconsistent, contradictory findings and cross-cultural differences. The present data point to a relationship between anxiety and later smoking, and also to a negative, though small, relationship between smoking and later anxiety in German students, and no prospective relationship in either direction in Chinese students.

Rabies is a major public health problem and the incidence of suspected rabid animal bites remains high in China. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about rabies of bite victims in Wuhan, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1015 bite victims visiting rabies prevention clinics. We performed a face-to-face interview to investigate the rabies KAP of these victims using a self-designed questionnaire. Factors associated with the KAP were evaluated using logistic regression models. Only 56.85% of respondents knew that rabies is infectious. More than 20% of respondents thought that it is not necessary to vaccinate dogs and cats against rabies usually. About 70% of participants stated that they never need to be reminded to vaccinate when they were bitten. Lower education level (odds ratio [OR] = 3.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.65–5.38 for secondary school or less and OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.28–2.38 for high school or vocational school, p-trend60, p-trend, Highlights • The level of rabies KAP among bite victims in China was suboptimal. • Most bite victims had some knowledge gaps such as the severity of rabies. • Most respondents had positive attitudes, but their practices might be insufficient.

Prohibiting the unsafe sale of livestock that have died in production and harmlessly disposing of them are key measures to control and prevent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases and exert a great significance for maintaining meat-derived food and public health safety. However, under the strict implementation of governmental initiatives, some farmers still choose to sell dead livestock unsafely in developing countries such as China, Brazil, Mexico, and Kenya, which have become an important hidden danger in preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases. Based on data from 496 pig farmers in Hebei, Henan, and Hubei, China, the Double Hurdle Model was employed to explore the impact of governmental initiatives on the willingness and proportion of dead pigs sold unsafely by farmers. Besides, based on the heterogeneity of organization participation and breeding scale, the impact of governmental initiatives on different scale farmers' unsafely selling behaviors is also discussed. The results showed that the harmless disposal subsidy significantly reduces farmers' willingness to unsafely sell dead pigs (SW, RC = −0.0666, and SE = 0.0261). Still, the impact on the proportion is weak (SP, RC = −0.0502, and SE = 0.0474). Though the effect of supervision punishment is greatly weakened (SW, RC =−0.0381, and SE = 0.0324; SP, RC = −0.0204 and SE = 0.0263), it can significantly enhance the effect of harmless disposal subsidy by creating a good law-abiding environment (SW, RC = −0.1370, and SE = 0.0374; SP, RC = −0.0820, and SE = 0.0431). Governmental initiatives have an undue impact on the unsafe sale of dead livestock by farmers participating in cooperatives. The effects of these measures on different scale farmers' unsafe sale of dead pigs are highly heterogeneous. In addition, the study also found that food and public health safety risk perceptions are important endogenous drivers for curbing farmers selling dead pigs. This research can also provide important inspiration for other countries. The government should raise farmers' risk perception level of food and public safety, optimize governmental initiatives, play the key role of cooperative organization, increase the proportion of dead pigs harmlessly disposed of, and finally eliminate new hidden dangers in the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective approach for food waste treatment and valorization. However, AD is limited by proper disposal of the food waste digestates in megacities. The objective of this study was to elucidate the dominant factors on solid-liquid separation performance of the digestates from food wastes. Results indicated that the composition differences in organic fractions showed significant impacts on solid-liquid separation performance by comparing the digestates from different cities in China. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially for proteins and carbohydrates, varied between the digestates in various cities, which may lead to the difference in solid-liquid separation performance. Digestate with lowest proteins (33.86 mg/L) from Shanghai's food waste AD plant had the best dewatering performance. In contrast, digestate from Nanjing's food waste AD plant showed the worst dewatering performance. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that there is a significant correlation between soluble protein and the dewaterability of digestates (R2 > 0.9573, p < 0.03), the lower soluble protein achieved higher dewaterability of digestates.

Great deal pathogenic bacteria and malodorous gases are hidden in municipal solid waste (MSW), which poses excellent environmental sanitation risks for sanitation workers and residents, and preventive measures should be implemented. In this study, the simultaneous annihilation of microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) was investigated in an MSW storage room of a residential community in Shanghai, China. The microbial population of airborne, surfaces and handles of waste bins, hands of sanitation workers and the main components of VOCs were measured. The results indicated that the bacterial reduction efficiencies of SAEW with an available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 50–100 mg/L on surfaces and handles of waste bins and sanitation workers’ hands were 22.7%–84.1%. Also, SAEW effectively reduced the average population of airborne bacteria and fungi by 358 and 378 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 and decreased the detection rates of coliforms by 14.2%–51.9%. The concentrations of most VOCs were reduced by 21.4%–88.3% after spraying SAEW. And the accumulated values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks also tended to decrease with spraying SAEW. These findings imply that SAEW has significant application potential to control environmental sanitation risks in MSW storage rooms.

Background: China has the largest disease burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and is considered as a major contributor to the global elimination of hepatitis B by 2030. However, the national prevalence of HBV infection among Chinese pregnant women was not reported yet. We evaluated the national and regional prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in China between 2015-2020, aiming to provide the latest baseline data. Methods: We assessed the prevalence of HBV infection from data gathered through a nationwide cross-sectional study of Chinese pregnant women. Data were obtained from the National Integrated Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B Programme (iPMTCT Programme) in China, which covered all the 2856 counties from 31 provinces from 2015 to 2020. HBV infection was defined as being tested seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Findings: A total of 90.87 million pregnant women in mainland China were testing for HBV between 2015 and 2020, with 5.60 million (6.17%, 95%CI: 6.16-6.18%) tested positive for HBsAg. From 2015 to 2020, the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women declined by 25.44%, from 7.30% in 2015 to 5.44% in 2020 (p for trend < 0.001), with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -5.27% (95% CI: -3.19% to -7.32%). Compared with the prevalence in 2015, reginal disparities in eastern, central, and western China were narrowed. Declines were also observed at provincial level and county level. HBV prevalence declined in most provinces (90.3%, 28/31) and counties (76.96%, 2198/2856) from 2015 to 2020. However, disparities still exist. Interpretation: HBV prevalence in pregnant women in China was intermediate endemic and declined continuously from 2015 to 2020. The decline has been widespread across regions, but disparities remain. Regions with relatively higher disease burden on HBV infection should receive most attention in achieving the 2030 elimination goals. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Waste-to-energy (WtE) plant has been attached great importance by more and more countries because of the harmless, energy reducing and recycling characteristics, and has become an important part of the city's normal operation and energy structure. Whereas, the reasonable site selection of the WtE plant is the key to ensure its sustainable development. This paper is designed to provide a two-stage model for the site selection of WtE plants. Firstly, a comprehensive assessment criteria system including environmental, economic, technical and social factors is established by selecting the reasonable influence criterias from the current relevant literature. Considering the fuzziness of the criteria and the bounded knowledge of decision makers, the single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are introduced to describe the fuzzy information, andcreatively combined with decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory-analytical network process (DANP) method to determine the influence grades of criterias and calculate the weights. After that, the relevant geographic information layers are collected and the preliminary alternatives are obtained by Geographic information system (GIS) from an overall perspective, then the extend evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method is utilized to rank the alternatives under the SVNSs environment. Finally, the model is tested to select the optimal alternative for siting the WtE plants in Beijing as an example. It is verified that the model is of great stability and feasibility by sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. The result shows that this paper can provide a new theoretical basis for the planning of WtE plants.

As a key indicator to measure the mental health status, psychological security level of Chinese college students and its changes over time are of great value to examine.A cross-temporal meta-analysis was performed using papers that measured the psychological security level of Chinese college students using the Security Questionnaire between 2006 and 2019. In addition, a time lag analysis was conducted to define whether the selected macro social indicators can explain the changes in the psychological security level.A total of 58 papers involving 28,352 Chinese college students were included in the final sample. The results revealed that scores of psychological security and its two factors were significantly negatively correlated with the year. Scores of psychological security and its two factors were significantly associated with five social indicators of economic condition (residents' consumption level), social connectedness (divorce rate, urbanization level) and overall threat (college enrollment rate, crime rate), suggesting that social change may account for the decline in psychological security level of Chinese college students.The underlying mechanism is only discussed at a theoretical level. Thus, future studies can collect the relating empirical evidence to test the proposed theoretical model.Our study revealed a decreasing trend of Chinese college students' psychological security level across time, which was associated with macro-social changes in diverse areas. In addition, combined with the corresponding macro-social indicators, a three-dimensional theoretical framework is proposed to explain the psychological security for college students as a group.

The paper aims to contribute to debates on the relationship between place, home, and sense of belonging by exploring the context of domicide, which is the intentional destruction of home. In contrast to voluntary migration, which has been intensively studied, those displaced by domicide rarely have the resources or power to rebuild their home, and are often resettled in peripheral regions. The paper argues that locality, which has been largely underplayed in migration and home research, shapes domicide victims' homes and sense of belonging. Drawing on qualitative research with migrants displaced by the Three Gorges Project, one of the largest instances of domicide in China, the paper presents insights into the ways rural locality and migrants' translocal practices are interwoven with the home experiences of those who are displaced. It also explores how their identity and belonging are negotiated, constructed and contested. The analysis contributes to critical geographies of home and could help to devise future involuntary resettlement policy and practice to increase migrants’ sense of home in resettlement.

A world with large disparities in development between rural and urban areas could never achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Issues related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are fundamental to the stability and people's welfare of China as well as other developing countries. Despite the growing demand and national initiative for rural revitalization, rural innovation has received little attention in the innovation literature. Drawing from the new growth theory, institutional theory and innovation system theory, this paper proposes the rural innovation system, which is a complex socioeconomic network that aims to revitalize the countryside and achieve balanced and sustainable development. This paper compares the rural and urban innovation system, introduces a theoretical structural model of the rural innovation system, including a) technology innovation, b) institutional and management innovation, and c) community-based network and intermediary platform innovation. Then it outlines the future challenges in fostering a strong rural innovation system. The rural innovation system proposed makes direct contributions to the literature of rural studies, innovation system, and public policy, and offers both China and the world a new perspective for realizing rural revitalization, anti-poverty and global sustainable development.

Under the background of carbon neutrality, energy security is of great significance to the sustainable development of China. According to the DPSIR model, this paper constructs an energy security evaluation index system which includes five dimensions: energy security driving-forces, energy security pressures, energy security state, energy security impacts and energy security responses, and then calculates the weight of each index and evaluates China’s energy security from 2010 to 2019 by entropy weight TOPSIS model. The results show that economic growth, urbanization, and other driving forces have brought great pressure to energy security, and the improvement trend of energy security has not been maintained, which has had a negative impact on human production and life activities and environment, and the government has failed to take sufficiently strong measures to continue to respond. The results of the TOPSIS method shows that the overall level of energy security in China is low, but it has entered the “basic safety” level and is continuously improving. Finally, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.

The Chinese central government began the new round Land Certificated Program (LCP) in 2011, which separates operational land rights from previous contract rights to further improve the efficiency of farmland use. This paper aims to assess its impact therein. We use a dataset collected by the authors themselves of more than 2000 households in 2016, which was a random, nationally representative sample of 100 rural villages among five provinces in China. We first analyze the status of the LCP, and then use the sample villages wherein LCP has either finished or not yet begun in order to conduct empirical analysis with Probit/Tobit regression and Propensity Score Matching methods. Our results indicate that the LCP significantly increase the likelihood that household would rent in land, improve the amount of land rented in and enhance the intensity of land rented in. However, the LCP has no effect on land rented out. The paper concludes with policy implications for the development of the land rental market to facilitate land transfer and consolidation, and identifies potential research paths for further study.

The enormous discharge of industrial waste seriously hinders the sustainable development of cities. However, most studies only involve a single or limited category of industrial pollutants, ignoring the environmental pressure caused by multiple resources and environmental factors. This paper combines input-output analysis and ecological network analysis to construct an industrial waste metabolic input-output (IWMIO) model, which explores the industrial waste discharge and discharge relationships among different sectors in Jiangsu Province from the three aspects of industrial wastewater, industrial waste gas, and industrial solid waste. The results show that the indirect discharge of industrial waste is greater than the direct discharge in the industrial waste metabolism system. TI (Tertiary industry), CI (Chemical industry), SPM (Smelting and pressing of metals), and PSEH (Production and supply of electricity and heat) dominate the industrial waste metabolism system. In addition, MWC (Mining and washing of coal), MNMP (Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products), SPM (Smelting and pressing of metals) have more mutualism and competition relationships with other sectors, so the control of industrial waste discharge in these sectors contributes to achieving emission reduction targets. Based on the research results, this paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations such as considering both direct and indirect emissions of sectors when formulating waste reduction policies and developing pertinent industrial waste reduction programs based on the characteristics of the identified sectors. The results of this paper are helpful to identify the dependence and influence relationships of various sectors in the industrial waste metabolism system, promote industrial waste discharge control, and provide theoretical support for the adjustment of industrial structure and the formulation of related policies in Jiangsu Province.

The Chinese government has issued multiple policies to improve hotel sustainability, including the Green Hotel Programme launched in 2002. Many studies separately examine technical innovations or individual environmental awareness and behaviours in hotels. The literature pays little attention to the interconnection between material arrangements and consumption activities across this sector. This paper aims to explore resource consumption and environmental sustainability in tourist accommodations through a socio-material approach that underscores the importance of infrastructure-practice dynamics. Grounded in a qualitative study on resort hotels and guesthouses in a Chinese hot spring town, this research analyses how buildings, infrastructures, and facilities of tourist accommodations have been designed, innovated, managed, and used with implications for resource consumption and environmental sustainability. This paper finds that to what extent these material settings contribute to the sustainable production and consumption of the lodging industry depends on (1) professionals’ imaginations of what and how services should be delivered (at the design stage), and (2) the interdependence, interaction, and co-evolution between infrastructures and the tourist practices they enable and sustain (at the stages of innovation and management). Moving beyond isolated hotel cases, this paper also finds that broader tourism sustainability issues such as the uneven distribution of natural resources, social exclusion, and environmental pollution relate to hotel managers and government officials’ economics-orientated perspective that disregards the infrastructure-practice dynamics embedded in the planning, operation and management of tourism infrastructures in the town. This paper argues that, by upholding the notions of infrastructure-in-use and infrastructure-practice dynamics, researchers are able to identify challenges of, and opportunities for, the transition to green, low-carbon, and sustainable hotel and tourism industries. This paper concludes by offering fresh insights for hotel designers, managers, and policy-makers and outlining future research agendas.

Under the influence of international green trade barriers, export scale of China's heavily polluting enterprises is reduced. How to improve the export vitality and corporate image of polluting enterprises? Different from the existing studies, this paper focuses on green merger and acquisition (green M&A) of polluting enterprises which can quickly obtain clean enterprise resources, and compares the impact of different green M&A modes on export performance and export margin by refining the frequency, scale and geographical characteristics of green M&A. First, based on propensity score matching - double difference (PSM-DID) method, this paper finds that green M&A can increase export performance. The frequency and scale of green M&A are positively correlated with export performance. Geographic distance of green M&A enterprises is negatively correlated with export performance. Second, green M&A can increase export performance by promoting green innovation, government subsidies and bank financing capacity, and reduce export performance by increasing environmental governance costs. Third, by comparing different green M&A, this paper finds that horizontal green M&A can increase more exports than vertical green M&A. Forth, further compare the impact of green M&A on export binary margin, it is found that green M&A can promote export-expansion margin and has a U-shaped relationship on export-intensive margin. The conclusion is of great significance to improve export performance of polluting enterprises, and provides an empirical basis for adjusting green M&A strategy.

This study examined the relationship between the air quality index (AQI), COVID-19, and the oil market using China’s provincial data for the first four months of the pandemic (1 January–22 April 2020). The results show that air quality improved significantly during this period. Our income and regional group analyses further clarified that the middle-income group and Eastern and Central provinces, which were most affected by COVID-19, showed a more robust relationship between AQI and COVID-19 cases than other Chinese provinces. The national oil market, which saw a 57% decline in the oil price over the period of 13 January to 22 April, was also found to be insignificantly related to AQI. All in all, our paper implies that an improvement in air quality due to a drastic decline in economic activity. We provide some future research directions in the paper.

Urban residents’ travel is an important component of carbon emissions and is becoming a hot topic in discussions on how to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Existing studies mainly focus on low-carbon travel behaviours and intentions independently, ignoring the inconsistency between the two. This paper uses a bivariate probit model based on questionnaire survey data to explore the consistency between urban residents’ intentions and behaviour. The results show that sociodemographic factors, TPB (theory of planned behaviour) factors, and situational factors all significantly impact the inconsistency. This paper provides careful analysis, and based on the results and analysis, proposes targeted suggestions to enhance the public intention of low-carbon travel and proper policies to improve low-carbon travel in cities.

The topic of creative tourism has gained a growing amount of attention from scholars in recent years. However, although the importance of festivals and events in such tourism has been acknowledged, the nature of and role of such “creative spectacles” in creative tourism has not been adequately addressed. This paper aims to address this research gap. To do so, this paper will begin by introducing a suitable definition of creative spectacles based on earlier references to it in Richards and Wilson’s (2006) formative paper on creative tourism as well as based on explanations of creative tourism that have been given since. To shed light on the practical nexus between creative tourism and creative spectacles, this paper will subsequently provide a survey of and concrete examples of creative tourism experiences as they relate to various festivals and events in China's UNESCO-designated creative cities through travel blog analysis. Our paper will conclude with recommendations for tourism planners as well as suggested areas for future research.

Cities are at the forefront of the global challenges of climate change. Compared to other urban problems, the complexity and uncertainty of climate change presents new governance challenges. Consequently, new modes of urban governance have emerged to address climate change, including multilevel governance (the cooperation of governmental actors positioned at different jurisdictions and governance levels); network governance (the collaboration between public and private actors in steering collective action); and experimental governance (the trial-and-error-based interventions to generate new climate solutions). This review paper compares urban climate governance in China and the West through the three analytical perspectives. The findings show that the actors involved in urban climate governance have become more diverse in China and globally, driven by new governance mechanisms that encourage the active involvement of a broad range of state and non-state actors. However, Chinese urban climate governance does exhibit distinctive characteristics under the country's unique political-economic contexts. Therefore, care must be exercised in obtaining a nuanced and contextualized understanding of urban climate governance in China. This paper concludes by offering several suggestions for future research in Chinese urban climate governance.

This paper empirically tests the export impact of foreign ownership by using the dataset of Chinese listed firms from 2003 to 2016. The robust results show that foreign ownership facilitates a company’s exports significantly, but only long-term foreign investors can enhance export performance. We conclude that foreign ownership has a weaker promotive role on exports in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), compared with private enterprises. Finally, we examine whether the influence mechanism runs though R&D, but surprisingly there is no evidence to support this prediction, even for high-tech enterprises. This paper provides micro-evidence that foreign ownership can increase exports under the background of China’s progressive equity reform and supplies indirect evidence of the information intermediary role of foreign ownership in promoting firm exports.

This paper examines how share pledge transactions signal changes in investor sentiment. Based on the investor sentiment model proposed by Gervais and Odean (2001) , we develop an investor sentiment model by incorporating the impact of share pledge transactions on stock prices by linking the signal transmission of the share pledges with investor decision making. Using data from the China stock market from 2014 to 2018, we find that share pledge transactions can lead to emotional bias and consequently affect investment decisions. Specifically, stock market volatility increases with changes in both optimistic and pessimistic investor sentiment bias regarding share pledge transactions. From the perspective of behavioral finance, with the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model and the impulse response test, we study the relationship between investor sentiment indicators, including share pledge factors and stock market volatility. Among the investor sentiment indicator components, we find that the composition weights of the share pledge volume and the share pledge ratio are 22.54 %, and 21.49 % respectively. Share pledge transactions have an obvious impact on investor sentiment. The paper also shows that share pledge transactions have an accelerating effect on stock price cyclical fluctuations through the investor sentiment effect. During a stock index crash, such transactions may constitute a potential market factor of instability.

This paper investigates the timing of Chinese ODI under exchange rate uncertainty by employing the Cox proportional hazards model. Using matched data this paper finds both exchange rate level and volatility are the important determinants, and RMB depreciation and greater volatility will deter ODI. Such adverse effect is found more striking for non-SOEs, firms in the eastern region, and non-exporting firms. With China’s recent exchange rate formation mechanism reform, the impact of exchange rate uncertainty is expected to be stronger. These findings have important implications for China’s exchange rate regime reform and its “Going Global” strategy.

Although online retailing has expanded dramatically over the past decade, research on the topic by economic geographers remains sparse. One recent hitherto unstudied trend has seen online retailers establishing physical grocery store networks in the Chinese market. This paper utilizes a case study of Alibaba’s Hema grocery store chain to identify and analyze the distinctive and innovative methods that online retailers are adopting in the Chinese food retail market in the context of developing physical stores. Four aspects of innovation are examined, namely: format innovation involving the store as a local fulfillment centre providing efficient last-mile delivery; developing a more consumer-centric retail model; transforming domestic supply networks; and sourcing live seafood globally. These developments are all achieved and facilitated by the strong data-driven capabilities of Hema in the context of the wider Alibaba platform ecosystem. Overall, the paper demonstrates how the digital data capabilities of online retailers embedded in wider platform business groups are rapidly altering the competitive landscape of the food retail sector in China.

This paper examines whether analysts affected by lunar eclipses issue more pessimistic earnings forecasts. After controlling for the characteristics of analysts, climates, and lunar phases, we find that analyst forecasts made after lunar eclipses are more pessimistic than consensus forecasts. This effect is more pronounced when a lunar eclipse is stronger. Further, we find that nighttime cloud coverage reduces analyst pessimism, while network attention, analyst superstition, natural disasters, and pollution increases pessimism after eclipses. Our paper provides new evidence that lunar eclipse-induced mood leads to pessimistic forecasts made by sell-side analysts.

This paper builds the investor attention index based on the Google Search Volume Index to forecast the stock returns of three major Chinese oil companies during 2004–2019. It takes into account several different model properties, including the time-varying parameters, regime switching and mixed-data frequency, etc. The empirical results suggest that investor attention helps to forecast the stock returns, and its capacity to forecast the US and Hong Kong stock markets is stronger than that of China's A-share market. For the US and Hong Kong markets, forecasting models with investor attention improves the accuracy by up to 35% compared with the benchmark model; but for the A-share market, the new forecasting models are superior only when it is one-month ahead. In addition, this paper confirms that investor attention does have economic value and can help mean-variance investors to get larger certainty equivalent return.

In today’s scenario, everybody in the world is looking forward for cleaner and better environment for better living standards. Despite the fact that China is most populous country in the world and India is second largest in terms of population in the world, China is still positioned at higher rank than India according to sustainable development report of 2021. This paper is attempt by researcher to carry out comparative study between India and China in terms of renewable source of energy. Further paper discusses about challenges which are there in renewable sources of energy and what are the policies adopted by the two countries to mitigate these challenges. Paper will provide the insights about future of renewable energy and suggestion for the researchers and policy makers to overcome the challenges in adoption of renewable sources of energy.

This paper examines the drivers of distribution of pollution-intensive enterprises (PIEs) at the intraurban level that are less studied. Employing the complete spatial database of PIEs obtained from the National Economic Census of 2004, 2008, and 2013, the paper analyses the spatial restructuring of PIEs within Foshan, China, a typical manufacturing city in transition. We find that the changing role of environmental regulation induced by the environmental policy regime transformation has resulted in the siting strategy shift of PIEs, and both the 'Pollution Haven Hypothesis' and the 'Porter Hypothesis' have been overly simplified in the research conducted at the regional or global level. Based on the Foshan case, we further conceptualize the pattern of spatial restructuring of PIEs that would help to understand the fast green economy transition taking place in Chinese cities, followed by some policy and research implications.

The Chinese government has declared a determination at the 75th United Nations General Assembly that China will improve its independent contribution and adopt more powerful measures to peak the carbon emissions before 2030. However, such strict implementation of carbon reduction policies is bound to bring the cost of sacrificing economic development. In such a context, this paper tries to use shadow price to measure the average social cost of emission reduction, marginal abatement cost to depict the pressure to reduce carbon emissions based on non-radial distance function, and provides an optimal scheme for provincial emission reduction to minimize the national cost of emission reduction based on variable-coefficient model. Results show that: First, the average value of shadow price is 15.91 and varies widely among regions, which means on average reducing one unit of carbon emissions will sacrifice 15.914 yuan RMB of economic output, and there exists possibility of carbon transactions across regions; Second, on the one hand, marginal abatement cost of carbon emission for most regions presents an upward tendency over time, which means greater economic costs have to be sacrificed with economic development in the future; On the other hand, marginal abatement cost is much higher in regions with high economic level than that in the economically undeveloped areas, which indicates reducing carbon emissions is becoming increasingly difficult and would pay more economical cost in economically developed regions; Third, the optional allocation scheme of CO2 reduction derived from this research is better than administrative ways of Grandfathering and Benchmarking in terms of minimizing emission reduction cost. Results of this paper indicate that larger carbon trading market can be implemented in China to economically fulfill the commitment of peaking carbon emissions.

Digital technology is an effective way to realize the carbon neutrality target in China. Therefore, based on panel data at the city level in China from 2006 to 2016, we take the e-commerce pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment, using the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method to explore the effect of digital technology development on carbon emissions and its transmission mechanism. The conclusion of this paper shows that (ⅰ) the e-commerce pilot policy has significantly reduced carbon emissions. After a series of robustness tests, this empirical conclusion is still valid. (ⅱ) The inhibitory effect of different waves of e-commerce pilot cities on carbon emissions sequentially decreases. The e-commerce pilot policy has a greater effect on reducing carbon emissions in non-old industrial based cities and non-resource-based cities. (ⅲ) Implementing the e-commerce pilot city policy mainly reduces urban carbon emissions by optimizing resource allocation, reducing energy consumption and upgrading the industrial structure. (ⅳ) In addition, implementing the e-commerce pilot city policy has a significant positive carbon-reducing linkage effect with the carbon trading pilot policy and the low-carbon city pilot policy. The findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for carbon emission reduction, which has implications for upgrading urban construction patterns and promoting green urban development.

Regional innovation systems (RISs) characterized periodical and is suitable for analyzing the Chinese economy which has entered the new normal. However, few scholars analyze and identify the stage of RISs from the perspective of life cycle. This paper divides the life cycle of RISs into four stages: initial stage, growth stage, maturity stage, and decline stage. Based on the analysis of the characteristics in every stage of the life cycle in the RISs, this paper constructs entropy weight disturbing attribute model to identify the stage of 31 provincial innovation systems in China. The research results show that all the RISs in maturity stage belong to the eastern developed regions, and innovation achievement capacity is significant. The RISs are widely distributed which are in the growth stage. The innovation efficiency capacity, innovation growth capacity and innovation network capacity of RISs which are in growth stage are in a high level. The provinces with the innovation system in the initial stage are mainly in the backward areas of the west, and the innovation growth capacity is better than other innovation capacities. Mastering the evolutionary stage of the RISs is helpful to promote the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies. 131

For Chinese policymakers, shouldering responsibility is often associated with high liability risk, thus resulting in low-level care for risky and stigmatized populations such as drug users. Therefore, it is crucial to explore ways to improve care access in such an uneasy policy environment. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Yunnan province in southwestern China from 2013 to 2021, this paper traces the policy-making process of the Yunnan Province Methadone Oral Solution Take-Home Treatment Work Proposal. All stakeholders involved considered this policy attempt "impossible" at first, as the highly addictive methadone becomes an illegal drug once it is taken outside a clinical setting. By analyzing how a group of local government officials, together with medical practitioners and drug users, strive to legitimize and ultimately implement the policy, I argue that people's concern over liability risks strengthens the boundary between methadone as a "drug" and methadone as a "medicine," between methadone solution drinkers as "drug users" and as "patients," and between "inside the clinic" and "outside the clinic." By utilizing a culturalist approach to explore the possibility of care in such a context, this paper reveals that a "heqing heli hefa worthy-of-being-cared-for" discourse is crucial in that it acts as symbolic capital to dissolve the above boundaries embedded in the dominant political culture. Moreover, it is the key cultural logic of the "building" of care. The findings also illustrate how local policymakers negotiate and balance responsibility and liability to create a potential policy space for enabling care practices. Additionally, this study sheds light on the inclusion of care for the most stigmatized and marginalized populations, and has broad implications for policy-making in other contexts.

How to choose environmental policy instruments within a clearly defined scope of the market mechanism and government intervention will profoundly affect the policy effectiveness. Through a systematic review of 111 representative literature, this paper traces the theoretical development of environmental policy instruments, empirical analyses based on the CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model, and globally practical experience. We find that the reflections on environmental policy instruments have shifted from command-based to market-based, from trade-offs between quantity-based and price-based instruments within the scope of market-based instruments to combining both, and finally a reasonable allocation of both command-based and market-based instruments. The CGE model promotes the shift, deepens the theory, and accelerates the transformation from theoretical thinking to practical application. By providing approaches to recognize and measure the overall economic costs of environmental policies, the CGE model plays an important role in validating efficiency theories, identifying efficiency losses, and amending policy instruments. It also promotes the implementation of environmental tools through region-pertinent settings and simulations. Based on reflections and discussions upon existing literature, we propose that the market should play a dominant role in allocating resources to obtain long-term environmental goals with corresponding environmental regulations as supplementary; under the circumstances with market efficiency losses, command-based instruments should be employed to cope with market failures. The results in this paper can facilitate the expansion of the environmental policy theory and also assist governments with better selection and formulation of environmental policy instruments relying on a solid theoretical basis and rational practical approaches.

With global climate change becoming increasingly serious, carbon neutrality, a key strategy to mitigate climate change, has attracted widespread attention. However, due to the multidisciplinary and complexity of carbon neutrality studies, as well as the diversification of research content, a comprehensive review and systematic synthesis of which is quite limited. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis on the topic of carbon neutrality is conducted to reveal the research progress from a quantitative and visual perspective and describe the evolution of research hotspots. The results show that carbon neutrality research is abundant at both the macro and micro levels. Low carbon development is the premise of carbon neutrality, and emission reduction and carbon sinks are the basis of carbon neutrality. The degree of research varies significantly in different countries, with China dominating in the number of publications, followed by the USA and the UK. The realization of carbon neutrality cannot be fully achieved by one single perspective and requires a comprehensive and systematic analysis of technology, economy, and society. Carbon neutrality is a technology-driven process guided by policy. Economically, carbon taxes and carbon markets are two important market mechanisms for reducing carbon emissions. Technically, researches of negative carbon technologies and renewable energy are growing rapidly. Carbon market, carbon negative technology, circular economy, and green energy will become the focus of future research. This paper helps scholars to understand the overall state of carbon neutrality research and provides a historical reference for future research.

Constructed on the total-factor analysis framework, this paper develops a comprehensive evaluation system and adopts the Super-SBM model to both analyze and enunciate the characteristics of tourism eco-efficiency in China during 2000-2017. This paper also identifies the determinants associated with spatial differentiation of tourism eco-efficiency by employing a novel geographical technique, namely the Geographical Detector Model. The results indicate that the tourism eco-efficiency exhibits great potential for growth. Besides, pure technical efficiency drives the optimized development of eco-efficiency. Also, there is significant spatial variations in eco-efficiency across different provinces and regions in China. Urbanization contributes to tourism eco-efficiency remarkably, followed by openness, technical level, economic scale, industrial structure, capital effect, environmental regulation, and tourism growth. The relational interrelations of tourism eco-efficiency determinants are the bi-enhancement and the nonlinear-enhancement interactions. The implications of research findings are discussed and may be applied to a multitude of corporate environmental-economic management scenarios.

Health inequalities are globally widespread due to the regional socioeconomic inequalities. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading health problem causing deaths worldwide. Yet medical services for it are often inequitably distributed by region. Moreover, studies concerning MI's potential spatial risk factors generally suffer from difficulties in focusing on too few factors, inappropriate models, and coarse spatial grain of data. To address these issues, this paper integrates registered 1098 MI cases and urban multi-source spatio-temporal big data, and spatially analyses the risk factors for MI severity by applying an advanced interpretable model, the random forest algorithm (RFA)-based SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) model. In addition, a community-scale model between spatio-temporal risk factors and MI cases is constructed to predict the MI severity of all communities in Wuhan, China. The results suggest that those risk factors (i.e., age of patients, medical quality, temperature changes, air pollution and urban habitat) affect the MI severity at the community scale. We found that Wuhan residents in the downtown area are at risk for high MI severity, and the surrounding suburb areas show a donut-shape pattern of risk for medium-to-high MI severity. These patterns draw our attention to the impact of spatial environmental risk factors on MI severity. Thus, this paper provides three recommendations for urban planning to reduce the risk and mortality from severe MI in the aspect of policy implication.

As the driving force behind the new wave of technological advancement, artificial intelligence (AI) paves the way for a new era of green economic growth. This paper uses the case of China and constructs a relevant mathematical model to propose the two-way impact of AI on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and systematically analyze the impact of AI on green economic growth. The main findings of this study are that AI has a significant "U-shaped" effect on GTFP, which was estimated using a nonlinear dynamic panel regression model. The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that improving AI in resource-rich areas can boost GTFP and break the "resource curse". The "productivity paradox" arises, according to the industry heterogeneity analysis, because the current low level of intelligence in resource-intensive and labor-intensive industries fails to improve GTFP. This paper also breaks down GTFP into green technological progress and green efficiency improvement effects to figure out how AI affects green economic growth.