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Writing and presenting results is important for any research work. Publishing is not enough; it should be written clearly and consistently for others to read and cite. We present a review of different techniques, for improving the writing in research papers intended for publishing. These include how to write the title, whether to use active or passive voice, how long sentences should be, how to present the uncertainty, understanding the International System of Units (SI) writing conventions, how to assign authorship, how to effectively use references, how to present the work, and how to publish it in a journal. This paper is a summary of the main and most recent recommendations in the scientific field on how to write a research paper to increase its impact.

nextGEN, a listserv and advocacy collective founded and maintained by graduate students across the international field of writing studies, 1 kairotically begun in response to controversial interactions on the WPA-Listserv in March 2018 (Laughner, 2019; “Where We Are,” 2020; Beare, 2021). Following the release of Vershawn Ashanti Young's 2019 CCCC Call for Papers, the backlash on WPA-L discussed, and in many ways perpetuated, the on-going racialized, linguistic discrimination within writing studies, writ large. As graduate students contributed to these conversations, this situation clearly illustrated their systemic dismissal from disciplinary conversations. In this white paper, we highlight four tactical strategies used by nextGEN since its inception to demonstrate the importance of coalitional literacies in digital advocacy spaces. Finally, we conclude by briefly looking forward to future challenges and possibilities for the next generation of nextGEN. Overall, we offer this argument as a “white paper” because it is our–the authors–understanding and situating of the systemic problems that defined the emergence and early work of nextGEN. 2 We offer readers a specific history, scholarly framework, and model for building and sustaining an international listserv and advocacy space for and by graduate students through coalitional literacies of digital safety and solidarity.

Let's imagine that you have just finished writing a scientific paper. The paper is well-structured and clearly written, and you are proud of it. Now is the time to submit it to a peer-reviewed journal and see what your colleagues think of it. You are now entering the peer-review publishing system, which is overseen by journal editors. Dealing with these editors is a skill that can be acquired like any other. Here is some advice on dealing with the peer-review system and with editors. This advice is based on my years of experience as an associate editor of an American Chemical Society journal. I have also submitted and revised hundreds of papers in my career and have reviewed hundreds more. (Google my name for details.) Thus, I have learned how to deal with editors from both sides.

In this paper, we analyze Nikolai Bernstein's notion of the activity of living organisms, which he introduced at the end of his career. Bernstein did not leave a systematic description of his last thoughts, but many remarks in his writing, especially in his last book [ Bernstein, 1966 ], show that he thought deeply about the biological significance of the ideas that he developed while studying motor control. He accepted that negentropy (the tendency towards probabilistic determinacy, orderliness, free energy expenditure) is a hallmark of all life processes but wrote extensively about the insufficiency of this property and searched for a more complete definition of living organisms. This definition would include the goal-directedness of development, anticipation, persistence, tendency toward autonomy, initiative, and more. Thus, this paper is an attempt to present the definition of the activity of living organisms from Bernstein's later work to English-speaking readers.

In the 21st century the academic field of Child–Computer Interaction (CCI) arose alongside burgeoning interactive technology and digital media industries that targeted children. We believe that the field of CCIU is at an important point in its development, analogous to when a child becomes a teen. Over the last few years we have each had many informal conversations with other CCI researchers in which we discuss issues such as, what is our responsibility as researchers beyond academe? What values underlie our conceptions of a ”good” childhood and the role of interactive technology in it? And, how do we ensure that our field continues to grow and evolve in ways that are consistent with our responsibilities and values? To address these and other complex questions that have been drawing our attention we came together to reflect, discuss and create a position paper for our community, in which we outline some of the issues we see facing our community at this time. To inform our deliberations with opinions beyond our own we conducted an informal consultation with 25 members of the CCI community. Our responders spanned junior to senior researchers, represented diverse geographies and included industry practitioners. These diverse responses provided further content for our reflections, and helped us see perspectives beyond our own. The result of this informal process is this speculative paper in which we propose a series of seven provocations that aim to disrupt some of the normative assumptions held in our field. Our goal in doing this is to open up dialogue in our community about these issues and promote consideration of the alternative visions we present for where we might focus our attention and efforts. We see our contribution not as truth or a definitive statement of a vision for the field, but rather as our opinion about some of the complex issues we face and that we think should be considered through dialogue as we move into the next phase of our development as an academic and scholarly community. We believe that it is urgent and critical for our field that we take up these questions, explore diverse perspectives, and critically work towards decisions and actions that will define our identity and the value of our contributions as we move forward into the next 20 years of research in CCI.

The need for a transformation of the tourism system has never been greater. To achieve such positive transformation, tourists need to be transformed as well. This also means that they need to embrace more alternative and sustainable travel forms with lower impacts on the social and natural environments of host communities. Experienced tourists that engage in more authentic, immersive experiences and travel off-the-beaten track are seen as potential ambassadors of such transformative shifts. However, little is known about off-the-beaten-track travel and the relationships between being experienced tourists, travelling off-the-beaten-track and engaging in other sustainable travel forms. Based on a mixed-methods design comprising semi-structured interviews with German and New Zealand destination marketers and an online survey with 500 German and 500 New Zealand tourists, this paper empirically addresses these knowledge gaps. Results reveal a positive relationship between off-the-beaten-track travel and the self-identification as an experienced tourist. There is further evidence that off-the-beaten-track tourists do not only aim for immersive and authentic travel experiences, but are also inclined to participate in more sustainable and ethically responsible travel. Inherent paradoxes remain, particularly with reference to their online-offline behaviour and desire to become travel pioneers, thereby paving the way for mass tourism. This paper suggests that more institutionalised forms of off-the-beaten-track travel along with stricter regulations will be needed to achieve the desired transformation towards sustainability. Given that experienced, off-the-beaten-track tourists are more aware of their own impact and are receptive for stricter measures, the identified inherent paradoxes are seen as an opportunity. This paper advocates that experienced, off-the-beaten-track tourists can become important voices in the desired transformative shifts and need to be better integrated in tourism planning, marketing and management.

Lagos is often depicted as a city of immobility and inequality. Based on a micro-sociological study in the public transit system and an ethnographic study in an urban neighborhood, this article provides a nuanced analysis of situational inequality. Given the enduring traffic congestion and prevailing social inequality in the city, moments of aggressive cutting in line on roads and disputes over light collision accidents demonstrate a spontaneous unequal power relationship that is at odds with the existing social inequality structure. These moments can impose a sense of frustration on the private car drivers who are assumed to have a higher social status while bringing delight to minibus (danfo) drivers and passengers who have lower status. This emergent situational inequality, the paper argues, provides lower-class people with affective elements which can contribute to making sense of (im)mobilities, urban lifestyle, and conceptualization of Lagos. However, the effects of situational inequality are limited to the individual level, as it cannot largely transform the spatiality and temporality of traffic congestion, the socioeconomic class structure, and the traffic governance in Lagos. This dialectical situational inequality does not become a practical living strategy but reifies their individual philosophies of living in Lagos embodied through narratives. The sociological account of situational inequality in this paper showcases an approach to interpret the meaningfulness of micro mobility experiences with regard to macro urban conditions, thereby enriching our understandings of the relationship between mobility and inequality.

Defining “luxury” as expensive and exclusive products and brands that are differentiated from other offers based on their exquisite design and craftmanship, sensory appeal, and distinct socio-cultural narratives, this conceptual paper integrates the established view of wealth-based luxury with an alternative perspective focused on luxury competencies. These competencies include expertise, aesthetic taste, and sensitivity to luxury symbolism and are developed by learning and enjoying the unique luxury features relating to design and craftmanship, sensory appeal, and socio-cultural narratives. The relationship between the wealth-based and competencies-based perspectives is examined for consumption goals; considerations, choice and usage; and consumption outcomes. After identifying individual and societal moderating factors (socio-economic status and self-related factors as well as the effectiveness of social status symbols and the power structure of society), future research issues and research propositions are presented. This paper concludes by advising luxury managers to develop competencies-based strategies to address contemporary luxury challenges.

The paper aims to contribute to debates on the relationship between place, home, and sense of belonging by exploring the context of domicide, which is the intentional destruction of home. In contrast to voluntary migration, which has been intensively studied, those displaced by domicide rarely have the resources or power to rebuild their home, and are often resettled in peripheral regions. The paper argues that locality, which has been largely underplayed in migration and home research, shapes domicide victims' homes and sense of belonging. Drawing on qualitative research with migrants displaced by the Three Gorges Project, one of the largest instances of domicide in China, the paper presents insights into the ways rural locality and migrants' translocal practices are interwoven with the home experiences of those who are displaced. It also explores how their identity and belonging are negotiated, constructed and contested. The analysis contributes to critical geographies of home and could help to devise future involuntary resettlement policy and practice to increase migrants’ sense of home in resettlement.

This paper engages geographic literature on diverse economies by foregrounding an analysis of racial capitalism. Prevailing conversations on diverse economies aptly point out that there exist economic formations that do not adhere to capitalist modes of production. However, these same conversations lack an explicit engagement with the ways in which establishing non-capitalist economies entails attending explicitly to the question of race. Ignoring how racialization underlies capitalism runs the risk of inadequately understanding the role that race plays in configuring alternatives to capitalist formations. Thus, the authors argue that analysis of diverse economies must explicitly attend to the fact that both capitalism and its alternatives are shaped by racial difference. After discussing prominent geographical work on diverse economies, the authors explore racial capitalism as an analytic for interrogating present-day capitalism. They argue that racial capitalism shows how the marginalization of racialized populations is a central component of capitalist reproduction. The second half of the paper draws on empirical examples from Canada and the United States to demonstrate how Black and Indigenous communities both recognize the role that their oppression plays in capital accumulation and find ways to create economic alternatives to those forms of accumulation. Specifically, the authors discuss public housing initiatives among Indigenous communities in Winnipeg and Minneapolis and the creation of urban commons by Black communities in Detroit and Jackson. By emphasizing the racialized nature of capitalism and showing how racialized communities create economic alternatives to capitalism, this paper offers a nuanced approach to discussing the possibilities of diverse economies.

This paper offers an alternative approach for engaging sociologically, ontologically, and politically with digital farming platforms. A challenge faced by any approach looking to upend intellectual conventions, especially ontological ones, lies in the question of representation, namely, how do we talk about digitization in novel theoretical ways using language rooted in more than two millennia of western human-centered thought? One way to deal with this challenge, the one adopted in this paper, involves decentering familiar terms and repurposing them. Thus, rather than organizing the argument around familiar terms like small and big data, I argue instead that we organize data-assemblages according to what they do, which makes this a political ontological project. To do this, I offer the relational predicate of weak data and strong data, suggesting that they are good to think with in this regard. The argument ultimately lands at a place for analyzing these platforms that offers the potential for critique and perhaps even a degree of optimism, as I suggest a framework for normatively evaluating these practices. The paper draws upon various empirical studies of digital agriculture conducted by the author, which include interviews with farmers, farm laborers, hacktivists, investors, and engineers from numerous countries and locales.

Wisdom is a concept that has deep roots in the history of our culture. Its meaning can be more easily grasped through examples, stories, mimetic rapprochements and reflections than through definitions. In terms of method this paper attempts to capture the essence of wisdom by describing some of its key characteristics without, however, trying to define exactly what wisdom is. A common scientific approach to phenomena is to attempt to define them precisely, and this could not possibly do justice to the complexity of wisdom, which has so many dimensions to it that it eludes definition. In this paper I propose therefore to sketch out a number of important characteristics, in order to try and grasp the complex phenomenon of wisdom without placing limitations on it in any way by defining it.

Summary The sexuality of women during fieldwork with men becomes constantly scrutinised, and sexualised, and the perceptions of others on our sexuality often impinge on sex research processes in patriarchal societies. This paper discusses challenges and conceptual reflections of gender interactions in sex research fieldwork by a woman with men aged 18–54 in Nairobi, Kenya. It also provides insights on practical safety strategies for women conducting sex research fieldwork. The paper draws on the researcher's field notes and reflections on experiences and interactions with gatekeepers and male participants to present brief accounts of challenges of gender interactions in sex research fieldwork. The impact of gender on the well-being of women doing gender interactions sex research during fieldwork in patriarchal societies is particularly salient. The scrutiny on women, women's sexual subjectivities and positioning of their sexuality by men occur more often than may occur with male researchers who research women. The reproduction of sex knowledge is a key aspect of ethical considerations and part of the ethical reproduction of knowledge, which needs to consider difficulties with gender interactions. Hence, this paper is a proposed resource for fieldwork and policy making in programmes that support the sexuality of men.

This paper offers a narrative review of existing academic and grey literature on the roles of Australian First Nations' Knowledges and the arts in regional and remote development. We do so to examine the degree to which current mainstream approaches to development are actualising international calls for “inclusive” development that accentuate “Indigenous” local and knowledges and strengths. The paper discusses existing regional and remote development literature through a lens of holistic, strength-based, and inclusive development. This incorporates many forms of valuing and developing including: cultural, social, environmental, and economic forms of value and activity. We conclude by offering recommendations for future research, policy, and practice that can draw on the strengths of First Nations’ Knowledges and the arts to achieve inclusive and holistic development.

Aiming at disclosing a general research landscape of structural engineering in the twenty-first century, this study applies the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a topic modeling approach, to analyze 51,346 article abstracts from 23 prestigious journals in structural engineering with a publication period from 2000 to 2020. The LDA analyzes the literature inventory by extracting 50 distinguishable wordclouds, each centered around one distinct research theme and assigned a unique topic name. Subsequently, various measures have been proposed to integrate the posterior distributions of these research topics with article information such as publication year, journal name, and correspondence address. The increase index identifies five cold and hot topics, which reflect the shift of research interests in the community. Emerging research topics such as seismic risk assessment and composite material have received much more attention in recent years. Moreover, advanced metrics have been proposed to analyze the research similarity and evolution across different journals and countries/regions. As discussed in the paper, analysis findings would enable community stakeholders (e.g., students, engineers, researchers, conference organizers, journal editors, funding agencies) to explore the state of the research and develop viable strategies to further foster the healthy growth of the community. Such strategies can be (1) researchers submitting a paper to the most appropriate journal; (2) journal editors adjusting the journal focus to enhance its impact; and (3) funding agencies prioritizing research supports that best fit regional needs and circumstances, among others.

A methodological debate within social pharmacy is ongoing regarding how to apply a qualitative approach. This paper emanates from a workshop at the Nordic Social Pharmacy Conference in 2019, named ‘How do we know it's good? A workshop on quality criteria in qualitative social and clinical pharmacy research’, that addressed this debate. The aim of this paper is twofold (1) to present the main key points raised during the workshop and (2) based on these inputs to contribute to the ongoing discussion on qualitative methodology within social pharmacy research. This paper starts with what was discussed at the workshop and further elaborated are some of the challenges with conducting qualitative research within social pharmacy. These include methodological and disciplinary competence and insecurity, reflections on the consequences of that many social pharmacy researchers come from a natural science background and how this (possibly) shapes the practice of qualitative research within the field. For example, how concepts like transparency and saturation, together with checklists and quality criteria are understood and used. Finally, we make suggestions for the next step for qualitative research in social pharmacy.

The topic of creative tourism has gained a growing amount of attention from scholars in recent years. However, although the importance of festivals and events in such tourism has been acknowledged, the nature of and role of such “creative spectacles” in creative tourism has not been adequately addressed. This paper aims to address this research gap. To do so, this paper will begin by introducing a suitable definition of creative spectacles based on earlier references to it in Richards and Wilson’s (2006) formative paper on creative tourism as well as based on explanations of creative tourism that have been given since. To shed light on the practical nexus between creative tourism and creative spectacles, this paper will subsequently provide a survey of and concrete examples of creative tourism experiences as they relate to various festivals and events in China's UNESCO-designated creative cities through travel blog analysis. Our paper will conclude with recommendations for tourism planners as well as suggested areas for future research.

Socio-cultural sensitivities such as xenophobia, racism, and other forms of prejudice impact demand for tourism products and experiences. Existing studies on these phenomena have tended to be framed through singular or binary lenses, and a holistic exploration and conceptualisation to inform tourist behaviour research is absent. This paper fills this critical gap by conceptualising tourist socio-cultural aversions that underpin tourists’ avoidance of destinations, products and experiences. Two theoretical contributions are made: (1) a tourist socio-cultural aversion typology is proposed; and (2) the complexities of implicit and explicit, as well as aggressive and passive aversions, are explored. The paper highlights key managerial implications of aversions and in doing so, provides businesses, the tourism sector, and government agencies with an understanding of tourists implicit or explicit aversions to particular destinations or products. The socio-cultural and economic ramifications for individuals, businesses and communities is considerable if left unaddressed.

In this paper, I present how cyclists in Dublin engage in a process of provoking responsibility in their interactions with other mobile subjects as means of dealing with conditions of precarious entitlement to public space. I begin the paper with an exploration of the extant literature relating to cycling, citizenship and public space, arguing that provoking responsibility can add to such literature on individual and collective cycling mobilities in that it conceptualises how cyclists engage in an individual, everyday struggle for recognition as a legitimate public space user amidst the sharing of public space with differently mobile subjects. Next, I detail the grounded theory methodology, study context (Dublin, Ireland), means of data collection (qualitative interviews), interviewee sample, and ‘precarious entitlement theory’. Following this, I posit the category of ‘precarious entitlement’ to public space – the main concern of utility cyclists in Dublin – and conceptually outline provoking responsibility as a process of dealing with conditions of precarious entitlement, using illustrations from qualitative interviews with cyclists. I include in this outline the key modes of provoking responsibility: accentuating presence, asserting entitlement, indicating transgression, punishing transgression, and displaying responsibility. I conclude that provoking responsibility shows how cyclists can engage in everyday, mobile practices of citizenship in the name of recognition of spatial entitlements and equal status within public space without collective mobilisation; moreover, the category depicts how cyclists engage in not only multisensory practices but also multisensory provocation in their interactions with co-present mobile subjects as means of being recognised and respected.

This paper examines how domestic violence abusers utilize digital technologies to extend their spatial and temporal control over survivors. By highlighting how digital technologies have become central tools for abusers to threaten, stalk, harass and surveil their partners, we situate technology-enabled coercive control as a continuation of harm perpetrated by domestic violence abusers, rather than a new or distinct form of abuse. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted in Seattle with survivors, advocates, law enforcement officers and prosecutors, we show how digital technologies enable abusers to more efficiently and effectively coercively control survivors anywhere and at any time, including after the relationship has ended. This paper contributes to geographic scholarship analyzing the role of digital technologies in policing and surveillance and advances this literature through a feminist geographic analytic that offers an embodied accounting of the way digital technologies regulate, discipline and govern at the scale of the body and within intimate relationships.

Meeting someone for the first time is one of the most basic interpersonal communication events. Yet there have only been a limited number of studies that have examined variation in first encounters between previously unacquainted persons across different languages and cultures. This special issue on the pragmatics of initial interactions contains four papers that draw together cross-cultural and intercultural perspectives on first encounters between previously unacquainted individuals in a range of different linguistic and cultural settings, including Austrian German, Australian English, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), French, Italian, and Japanese. The papers focus on the pragmatic dimensions of the initial stages of getting acquainted, including the role of address terms, self-disclosures, backchannels, and humour in first conversations.

Political ecology emphasizes critique, and, through critique, its ability to better understand nature-society relations. Recently, calls have been made from within the sub-discipline to move beyond critique, and towards engaging nature-society relations more experimentally. This paper asks: is it possible for political ecology to be less reactive and more proactive? Rather than studying events that have already happened, is it possible to study events currently happening or that have not yet happened? This paper is an attempt to do political ecology more experimentally by staging an intervention and studying its outcomes. Given the abstract nature of climate change, and given storytelling’s capacity for helping people make sense of the world around them, this project combined political ecology analysis and storytelling, resulting in an experimental process of collaborative climate knowledge production in regions, and with people, central to the changing climate. Research for this paper took place over fourteen months in Appalachia and Alaska, climate-vulnerable regions with economies tied to fossil fuel industries and with culturally rich storytelling traditions. The aim of this paper is threefold. First, I will examine political ecology scholarship that already engages with experimentation as a way of making the case for a more experimental political ecology. Second, I will discuss the process and outcomes from my experimental research, namely that storytelling is a meaningful way of building climate knowledge. Finally, by outlining the challenges of doing this research, this paper ends with lessons for future iterations of more experimental research.

Although Northern volunteers and sending organisations dominate the international (development) volunteering (IDV) literature, a growing strand of research centres on Southern partner organisations and staff. Drawing from and extending this body of work, this paper examines the identities and subjectivities of Southern partners using the lens of cosmopolitanism, a concept commonly invoked to theorise volunteer IDV experiences but not those of partner organisations, staff and locals. Using cosmopolitanism allows a broader analysis of local/partner experiences beyond the space and time of IDV, and teases out connections between IDV and their global outlook, motivations and transnational outcomes. The paper threads partner cosmopolitanisms through three tempo-spatial segments typically used to analyse volunteer experiences: pre-IDV motivations, the IDV encounter and post-IDV futures. It draws on interviews conducted with Cambodian partner organisation staff and participants of skilled Singapore-Cambodia IDV. It shows how partners are pragmatic and adaptive, keen to engage with foreign knowledges and negotiate difference across cultures. Through IDV, grounded and strategic local cosmopolitanisms emerge. Partners remain deeply rooted and committed to their local communities while being embedded in and harnessing transnational knowledge networks for personal and professional benefit. Seeing partner organisations and staff as cosmopolitan de-centres cosmopolitanism from the domain of the volunteer and elite. It opens up a new vocabulary for articulating partner experiences, and situates their participation firmly in international volunteering networks.

The paper builds on recent literature on post-phenomenology to understand how politics suffuse the everyday experience of walking on an urban leisure path in Tucson, Arizona (USA). Beginning with non-representational accounts of affect, this paper then shifts to post-phenomenology to make sense of the findings on how walking the path is impacted by at least two other influences: the retail consumption infrastructure of shopping centres and advertising, and the military infrastructure of Air Force bases. Post-phenomenology helps us advance our understanding of how these power centers emit affective atmospheres while also situating their incompleteness and inability to fully control the production of subjectivity. By way of auto-ethnographic reflections, this paper displays (1) how retail spills into leisure space, and (2) how the materiality of warfare spills into civilian life. Post-phenomenology is a helpful approach for understanding a politics of affect in the absence of clear intentionality.

Although recent literature on market shaping highlights the importance of actors' engagement dispositions and behaviors and their interplay with institutional work, little is understood about the mechanisms that facilitate the institutionalization of engagement dispositions and behaviors within the market-shaping process. Beyond this backdrop, this conceptual paper addresses how the engagement of multiple actors contributes to institutional change within market shaping. To answer this question, our paper considers the concept of synchronization as a mechanism that facilitates the alignment of multiple actors' engagement dispositions and behaviors to generate collective engagement within institutional work. Applying the emerging theory of Practice-driven Institutionalism as well as the concept of collective engagement, we develop a process model of engagement-driven institutionalization that consists of three stages: (1) the synchronization of collective dispositions and behaviors, (2) the development of temporal stability of these behaviors through self-reinforcing mechanisms resulting in practices, and (3) the ensuing institutional change for market shaping. By connecting this model to the market-shaping process, we demonstrate how our model contributes to a better understanding of the theoretically fuzzy processes of institutional change within market shaping and how it may help market shapers in their endeavors to shape markets successfully.

Since its emergence in the 1960s, ESP has become a key aspect of language teaching and research. This paper traces the last 30 years of this journey to show its emergence from the periphery of applied linguistics to a serious force on the world stage. To do this we use bibliometric techniques to track changes in ESP research through an analysis of all 3,500 papers on the Social Science Citation Index since 1990 dealing with ESP topics. We identify which topics have been most prevalent and which authors, publications, journals and countries most influential over time. The results indicate that classroom practices remain central to the discipline and that there has been a consistent interest in specialised texts, particularly written texts, and in higher education and business English, with a massive increase in attention devoted to identity and academic and workplace discourses. The global interest in these questions is shown by the range of authors, diversity of geographical sources and the uptake of papers in a range of fields. We believe our findings may interest both ESP professionals in identifying crucial publishing areas and academics fascinated by the emergence of a new discipline.

Recent reviews demonstrate the usefulness of the business model concept as a level of analysis in management, whereas less attention has been devoted to the analysis of the paths of past research to guide its future devel-opment. We used bibliometric methods, specifically bibliographic coupling and algorithmic historigraphy, to trace the development of the business model literature from its origins in e-business to its current state. In addition to reviewing the literature as a whole, our study investigated the time-dependent co-evolution of research sub-streams. We examined the relative influence of publications and canonical papers (algorithmic historiography) within and between three separate time spans (bibliographic coupling). We found that business model foundations draw from three major business sub-disciplines' strategy, entrepreneurship, and innovation—whilst new frontiers (e.g., Industry 4.0, sustainability, and networks) offer an opportunity to increase the inter-connectedness of business model research. Finally, we discuss contemporary topics and future avenues for business model researchRecent reviews demonstrate the usefulness of the business model concept as a level of analysis in management, whereas less attention has been devoted to the analysis of the paths of past research to guide its future devel-opment. We used bibliometric methods, specifically bibliographic coupling and algorithmic historigraphy, to trace the development of the business model literature from its origins in e-business to its current state. In addition to reviewing the literature as a whole, our study investigated the time-dependent co-evolution of research sub-streams. We examined the relative influence of publications and canonical papers (algorithmic historiography) within and between three separate time spans (bibliographic coupling). We found that business model foundations draw from three major business sub-disciplines—strategy, entrepreneurship, and innovation—whilst new frontiers (e.g., Industry 4.0, sustainability, and networks) offer an opportunity to increase the inter-connectedness of business model research. Finally, we discuss contemporary topics and future avenues for business model research.

The paper is a case study on socialising a Nigerian celebrity new to Twitter and the co-construction of relational connection among the interactants on Twitter Nigeria. The data comprise tweets retrieved from the Twitter timeline of the celebrity and subjected to interactional pragmatics analysis. The analysis reveals that the Twitter users deployed the interactional practices of joint fantasising, intertextual allusions and ethnolinguistic repertoire to orient to the newcomer-celebrity's identity, mark their own regular users' identity and co-construct the need for caution by the celebrity. The paper argues that socialising celebrities new to Twitter might include emphasising that their statuses as celebrities might expose them to more savage replies and targeted bullying in the form of ‘dragging’, perhaps more frequently and at a much larger scale than an ‘ordinary’ Twitter user; and that they need to be cautious in their deployment of micro-celebrity strategies targeted at amassing followers/fans on Twitter and in their overall interactional and relational behaviours on Twitter as celebrities. Concerning relational connection, as the architecture of Twitter is not built around people who have prior connections, it is argued that relational connection may need to be co-constructed from scratch by interacting Twitter users who may be total strangers.

Periodically, the topic of defining rural is addressed within rural social science scholarship but done so in overwhelmingly human terms. This paper engages with this observation, arguing the simple but axiomatic point that the rural is not solely a human taxonomic creation but expresses a space that integrally and intimately involves the more-than-human. Consequently, the latter should be strongly, firmly and richly represented up-front within the defining rural debate. Adopting an established if, to date, still anthropocentricised three-fold model of rural space, the paper argues that each dimension – localities, representations, lives – feature the more-than-human in both passive and active ways. Overall, bringing more-than-human perspectives much further to the fore consolidates the idea of rural as inherently co-produced, a ‘baroque assemblage’ containing many more-than-human living things. Accounts of animals within such a rural must recognise their emplacing from a diversity of foci, interests and consequences. The paper begins to introduce details of this diverse co-production with respect to one ubiquitous rural animal, the sheep. It illustrates the ‘ensheeping’ of rural localities, representations and lives, with the practical significance of this brought together and drawn out through two rival accounts of sheep within the Lake District National Park. Finally, the seemingly modest call for rural studies to embrace animals more fully is argued to be enhanced today by ongoing and potentially imminent experiences impacting strongly on rural places.

This paper examines an important, but hitherto relatively neglected, aspect of the work of Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom, namely her ontological commitments (that is, her views about the nature of social reality and their implications). While they are rarely described as such, Ostrom's writings contain discussions of many important ontological issues (including the openness of the social world, the nature of human agency, the configural nature of social rules; the relationship between social structure and human agency; and the complexity of the social world, viewed as a nested hierarchy of emergent systems). This article is the first to draw together systematically Ostrom's reflections about ontological issues and to identify what Ostrom saw as their implications for the appropriate methods for analysing and explaining the possibility of self-governance. In doing so, the paper also contributes to the growing literature on ontology and the history of economic thought.

The hospitality industry increasingly adopted well-being practices. However, academic literature has neglected to understand how hospitality organizations design services to improve well-being for customers, employees, communities, and societal and environmental well-being. This paper develops a novel concept, Transformative Hospitality Services (THS), which emanates from an ecosystem view and considers hospitality services as holding the possibility to transform the well-being of various constituents. Building on insights from in-depth interviews with industry experts, this paper identifies organizational dimensions that foster hospitality organizations’ transformative services offerings. Data also reveal facilitators and barriers for hospitality organizations to consider when developing THS offerings. A four-stage journey map is proposed to assess hospitality organizations’ journey towards becoming more transformative. As a result, this research presents contributions to transformative service research by advancing the concept of THS. Additionally, this research offers practical guidance for hospitality organizations through the development of the THS dimensions and journey map.

This paper draws on the notion of chronotope to investigate linguistic landscape (LL) signs of an urban migrant community on the out skirts of Beijing. Internal rural migrant workers have relocated to urban centers for labor-intensive jobs on a massive scale since the 1980s when China underwent rapid economic changes. While many migrant workers are pre-occupied with their jobs, some have built a community center to record their migrant histories, to voice their concerns as a marginalized social group and to construct their identity as legitimate workers. This paper argues that the LL signs of this migrant community center invoke multiple chronotopes and need to be understood in complex timespace frames. The analyses of three examples show that the migrant workers use painting and other creative ways of representation in public space to address their economic position and social identification in a globalizing China.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the co-creation experience of virtual tourist community members based on value co-creation and social capital theory, which can help us determine the antecedents of co-creation experiences, as well as the internal mechanism of members' behaviors that are beneficial to the community. After collecting 453 valid questionnaires, the results of structural equation model analysis have shown that the social capital obtained by the members of a virtual tourist community has a positive effect on the co-creation experience. That experience also positively influences the intention of future participation and recommendation behaviors. In theory, this paper makes an effort to enrich the research content of the value co-creation and social capital theory. In practice, it is helpful for community managers to do a great job on constructing soft environments, encouraging members to play their roles, and improving the enterprise's competitiveness.

Since the mid-1980s, Australia has resettled thousands of African refugees. This paper focuses on the racialization of youth violence and the damage it sustains on refugee-background young Africans. The discussion proceeds in two interrelated stages. In the first stage, to understand the representation of African youth in the public sphere, the paper reviews the relevant literature, media headlines, and political commentaries. In so doing, it establishes that the continual framing of African youth as dangerous and violence-prone by conservative politicians and media outlets amounts to racial moral panic. In the second stage, guided by narrative research methodology, a small group of young Africans were invited to reflect on their everyday life under racialized frames. Accounts of the youth are presented under four themes: the presumption of guilt, emotional ill-being, opportunity hoarding, and the permanence of otherness. It is argued that, if left unaddressed, the racialization of youth violence can diminish the integration outcomes of African youth.

The importance of interdisciplinary approaches through collaborative mindset, cross-field knowledge, and co-creative team actions is integral for continuing space exploration success as evidenced by past and ongoing terrestrial space habitat analog missions and extraordinary International Space Station (ISS) achievements. This paper presents the third annual iterative outcomes of an innovative university-based space program using Project Based Learning (PBL) methodology in creating design ideas for astronaut health support and wellbeing during a long duration mission (LDM) for a future inhabited lunar moon base or Mars Mission astronaut transit. University faculties including Built Environment, Industrial Design, Engineering, Science, and Health, at Western Sydney University Australia and supported by University of Houston USA are brought together to develop a new understanding of discipline capabilities with the prospect to co-creatively provide new opportunities and inspiration for teamwork across fields. This is of key interest to employers of new graduates in space or innovation-based industries where human factors and designing for high quality human-centered outcomes supports career resilience through currency, agility, and focus. The altruistic nature of interactions that make the ISS a success on multiple levels across cultural, scientific and humanitarian foundations provide the template for cross-disciplinary inspiration, that leverage synergies, and shared goals unattainable by single fields alone. It is not common for disciplines to work so closely together though industry has an expectation for this knowledge. Previously teams of three (2018); five (2019), and now ten undergraduates in 2020 represent team formation. Student numbers across the design for space theme have grown annually from fifteen, to twenty-five, to forty students in 2020. Now opportunities to respond to the complexities of the project in more detail are presented in addressing the overarching research domains in spatial design, human factors and design for health for LDMs. Team supervisory academic staff grew from 1-to-3 and provided further team guidance and discipline specialisations to inform three iterative project phases across the twelve activity weeks for four teams focusing on human spaceflight, exercise, related design performance and materials, and selected UNSDGs principles. The paper outlines the methodological approach, assessment methods, acculturation to working in teams and immersion in space knowledge for newcomers, and a review of forty collaborative outcomes all conducted by migrating Online during the COVID19 pandemic of 2020 by necessity. Periodic project collaborations with sports and health science, engineering, health informatics, space architects, a former astronaut, a representative from NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Flight Control, and industrial design academics (project host discipline and non-traditional space area) provided an environment for discussion, development, and co-creative processes that have led to new discoveries and stimuli for new collaboration, international understanding and advancing humankind in space and on earth.

This article investigates the responsibility of architectural drawing in developing the professional identity of modern architects in the late 1920s when Chinese architects started to emerge and assume the title of “architect.” Using architectural drawing as both its subject and its method, this research interrogates how a representative figure – Liu Jipiao employed the power of drawing to establish the identity of the modern Chinese architect. This paper argues that architectural drawing, in establishing the identity of the Chinese architect, faced the requirement to build an affinity between the architect and the artist. The entangled history of these two professions offers up Liu as the representative figure of the artistic architect. Liu's artistic drawing fulfilled the previously mentioned requirement and earned the architects the artistic power that distinguished them from their counterparts – the engineers. Under the perspective of multiple modernities, the paper challenges the contemporary misreading of Liu Jipiao as an irrelevant individual intellectual and of his practice as a minor failure. Furthermore, this article invites further reflection on the modernity of Chinese architectural drawing, and shows how such drawing made more attempts to convey subjectivity rather than to transmit modern technique per se.

People formulate places for different interactional goals (e.g., arranging meeting up with one another, giving directions). Although most research agrees that using names or numbers for streets is common, there are cultural realities that imply using other resources accessible to participants. This paper examines place formulation when there are not street numbers available. Data come from audio-recorded telephone calls to 911 Costa Rica. The study uses the method of Conversation Analysis combined with ethnography. Findings show that participants use three formulations: geographical, landmarks and “other signs”. This paper shows that such formulations correspond to levels of granularity, and that there is cultural diversity when formulating place.

Collaborative consumption in the fashion industry has been put forward as a way to overcome current challenges of the ‘take-make-use-dispose’ economic system that is currently dominating the market, and has gained interest from practitioners, academics, and policy-makers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the state of collaborative fashion consumption research across various disciplines by critically reviewing and synthesizing this fragmented body of work. To do so, this systematic literature review critically evaluates where, how, and what research has been conducted on collaborative consumption in the fashion context, by further outlining gaps and a future research agenda. The paper reviews publications between 2004 and 2020 within peer-reviewed journals written in English, focusing on product service systems, access-based consumption, and collaborative consumption as key words. The analysis demonstrates that scholarly work addresses issues of terminology, attitudes, and motivations, specific modalities of engagement and practices of use and disposal, as well as business models that can help facilitate collaborative fashion consumption. The review also highlights that various gaps remain that require further enquiries, arguing that a deeper and more critical research agenda is required in order to provide a coherent terminology, better understand motivations to uptake collaborative consumption practices, as well as more cross-country analysis.

Rural studies now has a well-established corpus of work exploring how rural spaces and practices become (re)presented within various media and how these representations serve to perpetuate the ‘cultural fantasy’ of the rural idyll. To date, however, there has been a dearth of studies which have considered the role that social media may play within representing rural spaces and activities. The following paper attends to this omission through a consideration of farmers' use of social media and an exploration of how it may be used to document and (re)present their everyday working lives and practices. Drawing on the communicative practice of “working out loud” (WOL) and through analysing 5000 farming tweets, the paper shows how social media may offer a more broadly sourced, grassroots, depiction of rural farming life and examines how farmers assemble a range of sources – including the non-human – in (re)presenting the countryside and revealing the nature of their work. The paper notes how social media might enable farmers to reveal the often-hidden aspects of farm work, share and document practices as well as express and reflect their perspectives in communicating to (and with) farming and non-farming audiences, and how such communicative practices might serve to (re)construct their farming identities.

This paper reports findings from a project that aimed to generate new feminist visions of later life, inspired directly by Sandberg and Marshall's paper ‘Queering Aging Futures’ (Sandberg & Marshall, 2017). Creative workshops with groups of self-identified feminists led to the generation of a range of artefacts exploring personal visions of a good feminist old age. This paper firstly considers the features that participants most frequently imagined – which were independence, social connection, pleasurable encounters with water, and good health – here treating feminism as a participants' resource explored through inductive analysis. The paper then explores the extent to which participants were able to imagine good feminist old age beyond the normativities of ‘successful ageing’, using a more deductive style of analysis drawing on feminist theory and feminist gerontology. Several participants imagined powerful and agentic old women who resisted the idea of older women's powerlessness. Some imagined new emotional and psychological foci for later life, clearly distinct from those of mid-life. Others imagined future physical decline and ways of embracing or overcoming it. Finally, drawing on feminist theory about the need to be reflexive and accountable in knowledge production, the paper concludes with consideration of the researcher's own imagined feminist old age and feminist history, and the implications this might have for the analysis presented.

This article introduces the special issue “Learning and Developing over the Life-Course: A Sociocultural Approach”, which collects six papers stemming from the project “Ages for Learning and Growth: Sociocultural Perspectives” (AGILE), supported by the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction. Considering that sociocultural psychology has mainly focused on development and learning in children, adolescents or (young) adults, AGILE aims at exploring learning and development in older people's lives. To do so, theoretical concepts and methodological tools used in research on other developmental periods had to be reconfigured and enlarged. The article first presents the main theoretical and methodological assumptions underlying sociocultural psychology, and shows the challenges of applying them to older people. Each of the six papers (by Aleksander Baucal, Michele Grossen, Pernille Hviid, Kyoko Murakami, Roger Saljo, Fabienne Tarrago Salamin, Isabelle Tournier and Tania Zittoun) is then briefly introduced. In conclusion, the article emphasises the importance of accounting for the situatedness of older persons' activities, the meaning they give to these, and their experience of ageing. Methodologies that recognise the expertise of the persons participating in a study, and include them as active participants, are also called for.

The social representation of elder people is one of decline and loss. This is supported by psychological research that works on the level of functions. In this paper, the theoretical lens of functions is replaced with a cultural developmental lens. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Cultural Life Course, the paper sets out to explore aged life as it is experienced and made by elder persons, who all join the community of Danish Grandparents. In the analysis I include the characterization made of and by the community: “We speak with an authority borne of age, experience and long perspective”, as this articulates a contrasting point of view of aged living, voiced from within. The analysis of six life-courses will in this paper be presented through one life course, exemplifying the phenomenon under investigation. When looking through the lens of Cultural Life Course theory, the object formerly characterized as decay and loss reappears as a developmental phenomenon on both personal and collective cultural levels.

Place-based education and, more specifically, field-base education, is increasingly considered an effective way to enhance learning experiences . By connecting academic curriculum with different ways of knowing and practicing, these are seen as potentially transformative experiences that can offer participants enriching opportunities to learn about social realities beyond the classroom . However, critics also argue that place-based learning methods can lack a critical perspective and fail to connect local experience with global phenomena, as well as with theoretical concepts. In light of the challenges and benefits associated with place-based education, this paper examines how this learning approach can be applied to the particular context of resource development studies and how it can contribute to postgraduate training in social sciences more generally. This example adds to a growing body of literature on place-based education, through an analysis of and critical reflection on the pedagogical approach used during two doctoral courses focused on mineral extraction in northern Canadian and Fennoscandian communities. Building on reflections by the course designers and the results of a survey administered to participants exploring the learning outcomes of these two postgraduate field courses, this paper examines how place-based education contributed to or hindered the pedagogical objectives pursued in the courses. It further explores the challenges and benefits of place-based education in postgraduate education and in the field of extractive resources development. After briefly reviewing the literature and defining the concept of place-based education, the paper describes the pedagogical approach used during the two PhD courses. In the third section, the results of the student surveys are discussed along with comments from the organizers, before some thoughts for future postgraduate courses are finally provided.

This paper aims to explore ways in which adults with intellectual disabilities experience tourism. The study applies phenomenology and draws on in-depth interviews with participants with intellectual disabilities focusing on their lived experiences of tourism. The tourism experience was significant and meaningful to the participants, in that tourism provided a sense of ‘normality,’ encouraged self-efficacy, and strengthened relational connections. This paper advances theory by conceptualising the nature of the tourism experience through the authentic voices and lived experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities. This lens of intellectual disability addresses a scarcity of representation in existing tourism scholarship, augmenting and advancing inclusive understandings of tourism experiences for these individuals with disabilities.

The sinking of the Titanic has captured the public imagination for over a century. A tragic tale of man's powerlessness over nature, it has served as a lesson in hubris that has been dramatized in film and immortalised in popular culture. Following the disaster, relatives of the deceased lodged compensation claims against the White Star Line (registered owners of the Titanic). In these compensation claims for loss of life we witness the monetary commensuration of life. For the accounting scholar, therefore, the Titanic story offers an opportunity to contribute to the growing body of research in the area of valuation; in particular, it facilitates an understanding of the valuing of human life. Drawing on the history of life assurance and compensation legislation in both the UK and US, the paper argues that by the time of the Titanic disaster in 1912, an accounting constellation (Burchell et al., 1995) had been formed which established an equivalence between the value of a life and economic earning power. However, while this earnings based model determined the value of men lost in the tragedy, it failed to commensurate the lives of women and children. Rather emotion and sentiment arising from the high profile nature of the disaster appeared to allow for a plurality of other valuations to emerge that ruptured the pre-configured constellation and challenged the linear trajectory of the economic model. As such, Titanic was a “valuation event” which severely disrupted the existing gendered assemblage. The contribution of this paper therefore is to recognise the gendered nature of valuation and to appreciate the impact of such gender bias on the practice of valuation.

This paper explores how different organizational identities can be constructed by the use of multiple languages within a multinational corporation’s (MNC) subsidiaries. Scholars are increasingly interested in the importance of language in international business but little is currently known about how identities interact with language across an MNC’s subsidiaries. Applying language and social identity theory, this paper analyses the interactions between organizational identity and the use of multiple languages within the lines of communication in the Thai, Taiwanese and US subsidiaries of a Japanese MNC, focusing especially on communications with customers and headquarters. The findings reveal the range of uses of different languages in the lines of communication and the attendant sharing and shaping of social identities in each subsidiary, thus highlighting the importance of the contexts of subsidiaries. In addition, in a sharp contrast to the approach to linguistic identity assumed in the current literature, the findings reveal how national identity can be sustained independently of the use of language. Moreover, the findings also reveal that perceived identity is influenced not only by actors’ language abilities and ethnicity, but also by their post-colonial views on both parent and host countries, and how this underpins shadow organizational structures.

Degrowth thought and strategies suffer from a tension between viewing the state as incapable of initiating transformational change and making a political appeal to it to do precisely this via targeted eco-social policies. While a small number of academic papers has theoretically addressed this tension, there is a lack in research on the strategic implications arising from conceptualizations of the state and state-civil society relations within degrowth/postgrowth approaches. Responding to the generally increased interest in strategic reasoning within the degrowth movement, the present paper examines the state theories of Antonio Gramsci, Nicos Poulantzas and Pierre Bourdieu under these auspices. It first compares and contrasts the three theories in respect to general characteristics of state-civil society relations. Subsequently, the paper addresses principles of domination, crisis and corresponding openings for oppositional movements. The discussion reflects on the main findings and identifies critical strategic implications.

This paper presents a case study of territorial boundary transgression and intergroup encounters mediated by tourism in a volatile and contested urban space. I present the notion of ‘passing as a tourist’ as a prism to investigate the nexus between performative tourism and everyday urban geopolitics. Situated in East Jerusalem's core geographies of colonization and political violence, this paper uses archival news material and a textual analysis of primary questionnaire data to critically examine how Jewish Israeli Jerusalemites visiting the Muslim Quarter in the Old City negotiate encounters in a conflicted space. The study reveals how the performative dimensions of ‘tourism’ in a context of polarized ethnonational division expose the role of embodied, everyday geopolitics in the production of urban spaces of tourism.

The paper delineates how our understanding of reflection and knowledge development changes, if we drop the widespread assumption that objects such as tools merely ‘talk back’ (Schon) or ‘bite back’ (Engestrom & Blackler) when humans use them. By drawing on the notion of affordances, the paper provides an account of how tools ‘bite first’, which means that their materiality pre-reflectively affords certain patterns of thinking and acting as well as affective states while others are less likely. My 12-month action ethnography basically offers three insights. First, my findings indicate that a tool’s materiality which affords flexibility, complexity, embodied engagement, and happiness is more likely enacted as ‘facilitative reflection’, a type of reflection that results in knowledge creation. Second, if a tool’s materiality affords less flexibility, an entity-focus, detached interaction, and frustration, ‘oppositional reflection’ is enacted, a second type of reflection that does not result in knowledge creation. Since only ‘facilitative reflection’ results in knowledge creation, the affordances-based account of tools-for-reflection also challenges the widespread argument that reflection leads to knowledge creation. Third, I offer some fresh insights into the relation between a tool’s materiality, breakdowns, and associated affective states.

Energy resilience is a complex issue, encapsulating a diversity of factors. Such complexity makes effective policymaking difficult, and requires a whole-systems approach. This paper argues that the bottom-up participatory causal loop mapping method can be helpful in facilitating a shared understanding of the issues, and can help facilitate the application of a whole-systems approach to the design of effective policy interventions. Focusing on Nepal as a case study, this paper outlines the participatory approach, highlighting the method’s value in visualising the variables and interconnections affecting the resilience of Nepal’s electricity supply. Through the mapping, participants identified four interconnected groups of factors as important for resilience: governance, technology, economic and social. Within these, political leadership was noted as particularly important. Environmental factors were largely absent, which is an interesting result given the emphasis on renewable sources and clean technologies in energy policy in Nepal. The outcomes of our bottom-up participatory approach show the significant benefit of using this approach for highlighting context-dependent understandings of complex issues and represents a novel methodological innovation for energy research, which could be applied in diverse geographies and contexts.