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Scylla paramamosain is one of the commercially crucial marine crustaceans belonging to the genus Scylla, which is commonly distributed along the coasts of China. Proteomic data are scarce for the mud crab. Salinity is one of the ecological factors that affect S. paramamosain during overwintering. To understand the energy metabolism mechanism adapted to salinity, we analysed the proteomics of S. paramamosain hepatopancreas in response to two different salinities (4‰ and 25‰). A total of 1283 proteins were detected, of which 426 down‐regulated proteins and 83 up‐regulated proteins were associated with metabolism (p < 0.05). Among these proteins related to metabolic pathways (16 pathways), we identified angiotensin‐converting enzyme, trypsin, glutamate dehydrogenase, aminomethyl transferase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, L‐lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and xanthine dehydrogenases. Additionally, real‐time PCR showed mRNA expression of differentially expressed genes correlated positively with their protein levels. Compared with 25‰ salinity group, 4‰ salinity group was involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and inorganic ion metabolism by regulating related proteins, which made the metabolism of the overwintering S. paramamosain more vigorous in the low salt environment, and hepatopancreas consumed more energy to maintain life activities. These data are the first to reveal the molecular mechanism of overwintering S. paramamosain in response to different salinities at the protein level. The study provides important information for the aquaculture production of S. paramamosain during indoor overwintering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overwintering is an important part of the conservation of Scylla paramamosain, and salinity is a primary parameter affecting this species' metabolism at this particular time. We compared and analysed gene sequences responsible for the metabolism of S. paramamosain at 4‰ versus 25‰ salinities using transcriptome analysis, in order to find out the optimum salinity for S. paramamosain during overwintering. A total of 5895 genes were detected, of which 105 down‐regulated genes and 131 up‐regulated genes were associated with metabolism (p < 0.05). Among these genes related to metabolic pathways (117 pathways), we identified D‐aspartate oxidase, D‐amino acid oxidase, creatine kinase, sarcosine oxidase, citrate synthase, transferase, glycogen synthase, hexokinase, carbonic anhydrase, glutamine synthetase, V‐type H+‐transporting ATPase, 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulphate synthase, fatty acid synthase and others. Additionally, the consistency between qRT‐PCR results and transcriptome data reflected the reliability of transcriptome results in the present study. Compared with the 25‰ salinity group, the 4‰ salinity group promoted energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism by regulating metabolism‐related genes, which made the overwintering S. paramamosain more active in the low‐salt environment, and hepatopancreas consumed more energy to maintain life activities. These results improve our understanding on molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways associated with salinity changes in S. paramamosain during overwintering. The data presented in this study are also the first to reveal the molecular mechanisms of S. paramamosain during overwintering in response to different salinities at the gene level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]