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In this article, the experimental investigations on a 263-GHz gyrotron are presented. With the change of the operating magnetic field and the beam energy, the operating frequency is adjusted and the output power is also varied. It is found that when the operating magnetic field changes from 9.59 to 9.82 T at a fixed operating voltage of 20 kV and a beam current of 0.8 A, the operating frequency increases from 263.39 to 264.84 GHz, the frequency-tuning range is about 1.45 GHz, and the output power is from 26 to 463 W. When the operating voltage increases from 14.4 to 22.2 kV at a fixed operating magnetic field of 9.65 T, the operating frequency decreases from 263.68 to 263.40 GHz, the frequency-tuning range is 0.28 GHz, and the output power changes from 52 to 424 W. When the operating magnetic field is fixed at 9.65 T and the operating voltage is fixed at 20 kV, but the beam current increases from 120 to 880 mA, the output power increases from 21 to 277 W, the operating frequency increases from 263.396 to 263.425 GHz, and the frequency-tunable range is 0.029 GHz. The effects of the axial position of the gyrotron in the superconducting magnet system on the operating frequency, the frequency-tuning range, and the output power are also investigated experimentally. When the beam current is increased, the nonstationary phenomenon is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an ultrasensitive open-ended hollow coaxial cable resonator (OE-HCCR) that was trained to detect impact events that occurred in the surrounding space through machine learning (ML) techniques. First, inspired by the well-known mass-based accelerometer, for the first time, we propose an OE-HCCR-based accelerometer with the addition of an inertial mass block as the element responsive to acceleration. The OE-HCCR is formed by a metal shorting post welded at the RF input end and the open end of the cable. The instantaneous displacements of the mass block mounted at the endface of the cable due to accelerations lead to variations of the gap distance between the mass block and the endface of the coaxial line, which can be accurately metered by the coaxial resonating structure. Impact events that occur in the surrounding space of the OE-HCCR result in vibrations transmitted to the OE-HCCR system and thereby measured by the OE-HCCR. Second, we demonstrated that employing ML algorithms to analyze the transient responses from the OE-HCCR makes unambiguous mappings between the transient responses of the OE-HCCR and the sources of vibrations possible, due to the ultrahigh sensitivity of the OE-HCCR and the spatial anisotropy of matter in the surrounding space. The preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of using ML-assisted OE-HCCR system for locating impact events and recognizing different impactor implements that caused the impact events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]