Search

Traditional bulk adsorbents, employed for the removal of dyes and metal ions, often face the drawback of requiring an additional filtration system to separate the filtrate from the adsorbent. In this study, we address this limitation by embedding the adsorbent into the polymer matrix through a process involving dissolution–dispersion, spin-casting, and heat-stretching. Selective dissolution and dispersion facilitate the integration of the adsorbent into the polymer matrix. Meanwhile, spin-casting ensures the formation of a uniform and thin film structure, whereas heat-induced stretching produces a porous matrix with a reduced water contact angle. The adsorbent selectively captures dye molecules, while the porous structure contributes to water permeability. We utilized inexpensive and readily available materials, such as waste polyethylene and calcium carbonate, to fabricate membranes for the removal of methylene blue dye. The effects of various parameters, such as polymer-adsorbent ratio, initial dye concentration, and annealing temperature, were investigated. Equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacity of 35 mg/g and 43 mg/g at 25 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The membranes can be regenerated and recycled with a 97% dye removal efficiency. The study aims to present a template for adsorbent-embedded polymeric membranes for dye removal, in which adsorbent can be tailored to enhance adsorption capacity and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green walls and roofs are sustainable building systems with several benefits. However, the irrigation requirements of these building systems conflict with water sustainability goals in water-scarce places. This study investigates using greywater directly to irrigate ornamental species for such situations by examining the effects of freshwater and greywater irrigation on Ruellia tuberosa growth, plant health and soil characteristics. Five replicates for each condition were grown for 91 days. Greywater irrigation led to a 15% higher plant growth height, a 31% higher plant biomass (p = 0.065), and a 71% increase in stem biomass (p < 0.001) compared to freshwater irrigation. However, greywater-irrigated plants had reduced chlorophyll content (10.7%, p < 0.001), and increased leaf chlorosis (p = 0.003), likely caused by stress from laundry and detergent chemicals. Greywater irrigation led to greater mineral content in greywater-irrigated plant biomass and soil for all minerals tested, most notably boron, which was deficient in the soil. Greywater-irrigated soil also had a higher organic content according to FTIR and electron dispersive spectroscopy. Greywater irrigation improved nutritional and soil conditions, including phosphate, which helped Ruellia tuberosa flourish. This study suggests raw greywater can replace freshwater in water-scarce climates for green wall irrigation instead of high-energy onsite greywater treatment systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling low-end, one-time-use plastics—such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE)—is of paramount importance to combat plastic pollution and promote sustainability in the modern green economy. This study valorizes LDPE waste by transforming it into 3D oleophilic swellable thin films through a process involving dissolution, phase separation, and extraction. These films are subsequently layered using a customized polypropylene (PP) based nonwoven fabric separator and securely sealed in a zigzag pattern. The zigzag-shaped seal enhances the adhesion of pollutants to the sorbent by providing wire curvatures that increase retention time and uptake capacity. As a result, the sorbent exhibits impressive oil uptake capacities, with immediate and equilibrium values of 120 g/g and 85 g/g, respectively. Notably, the as-prepared sorbent demonstrates low water retention and high selectivity for oil, outperforming commercially available oil sorbents. The unique design involving a 3D-film structure, superposed films, and a zigzag-shaped seal offers a sustainable and value-added solution to the issues of LDPE waste and oil spills on water surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of eco-friendly technology in the construction sector has been improving rapidly in the last few years. As a result, multiple building materials were developed, enhanced, and proposed as replacements for some traditional materials. One notable example presents geopolymer as a substitute for ordinary Portland concrete (OPC). The manufacturing process of (OPC) generates CO2 emissions and a high energy demand, both of which contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. The implementation of geopolymer concrete (GPC) technology in the construction sector provides a path to more sustainable growth and a cleaner environment. This is due to geopolymer concrete's ability to reduce environmental pollutants and reduce the construction industry's carbon footprint. This is achieved through its unique composition, which typically involves industrial byproducts like fly ash or slag. These materials, rich in silicon and aluminum, react with alkaline solutions to form a binding gel, bypassing the need for the high-energy clinker production required in OPC. The use of such byproducts not only reduces CO2 emissions but also contributes to waste minimization. Additionally, geopolymer offers extra advantages compared to OPC, including improved mechanical strength, enhanced durability, and good stability in acidic and alkaline settings. Such properties make GPC particularly suitable for a range of construction environments, from industrial applications to infrastructure projects exposed to harsh conditions. This paper comprehensively reviews the different characteristics of geopolymers, which include their composition, compressive strength, durability, and curing methods. Furthermore, the environmental impacts related to the manufacturing of geopolymer materials were evaluated through the life-cycle assessment method. The result demonstrated that geopolymer concrete maintains positive environmental impacts due to the fact that it produces fewer carbon dioxide CO2 emissions compared to OPC concrete during its manufacturing; however, geopolymer concrete had some minor negative environmental impacts, including abiotic depletion, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and acidification. These are important considerations for ongoing research aimed at further improving the sustainability of geopolymer concrete. Moreover, it was determined that silicate content, curing temperature, and the proportion of alkaline solution to binder are the major factors significantly influencing the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. The advancement of geopolymer technology represents not just a stride toward more sustainable construction practices but also paves the way for innovative approaches in the field of building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting tumour metabolism through glucose transporters is an attractive approach. However, the role these transporters play through interaction with other signalling proteins is not yet defined. The glucose transporter SLC2A3 (GLUT3) is a member of the solute carrier transporter proteins. GLUT3 has a high affinity for D-glucose and regulates glucose uptake in the neurons, as well as other tissues. Herein, we show that GLUT3 is involved in the uptake of arsenite, and its level is regulated by peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1). In the absence of PRDX1, GLUT3 mRNA and protein expression levels are low, but they are increased upon arsenite treatment, correlating with an increased uptake of glucose. The downregulation of GLUT3 by siRNA or deletion of the gene by CRISPR cas-9 confers resistance to arsenite. Additionally, the overexpression of GLUT3 sensitises the cells to arsenite. We further show that GLUT3 interacts with PRDX1, and it forms nuclear foci, which are redistributed upon arsenite exposure, as revealed by immunofluorescence analysis. We propose that GLUT3 plays a role in mediating the uptake of arsenite into cells, and its homeostatic and redox states are tightly regulated by PRDX1. As such, GLUT3 and PRDX1 are likely to be novel targets for arsenite-based cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural product waste treatment and the removal of harmful dyes from water by adsorption are two of the crucial environmental issues at present. Traditional adsorbents are often not capable in removing detrimental dyes from wastewater due to their hydrophilic nature and because they form strong bonds with water molecules, and therefore they remain in the dissolved state in water. Consequently, new and effective sorbents are required to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment as well as to mitigate the health problems caused by water pollution contaminants. In this study, the adsorption behaviour of methyl orange, MO, dye on chitosan bead-like materials was investigated as a function of shaking time, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial MO concentration, temperature and solution pH. The structural and chemical properties of chitosan bead-like materials were studied using several techniques including SEM, BET, XRD and FTIR. The adsorption process of methyl orange by chitosan bead materials was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model for the uptake capacity and followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model to describe the rate processes. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum removal rate (98.9%) and adsorption capacity (12.46 mg/g) of chitosan bead-like materials were higher than those of other previous reports; their removal rate for methyl orange was still up to 87.2% after three regenerative cycles. Hence, this chitosan bead-like materials are very promising materials for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper provides an overview of various types of photobioreactors (PBRs) that could be used for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using anoxygenic photoheterotrophs, with a focus on the design and operation of these systems. The paper highlights the potential of different PBRs based on reactor geometry and growth mode, and also examines the advantages and disadvantages of each PBR type and summarizes their suitability for PNSB-PHA production. The optimization of reactor design and operation is crucial for maximizing PNSB growth and PHA productivity. The self-immobilization of bacteria in granular sludge is a promising technology for wastewater treatment and the production of PHAs, while grooved-surface PBRs and porous-substrate PBRs have limitations due to difficult biomass harvesting in the former and the presence of aerobic conditions incongruent with PNSB culturing in the latter. Limitations exist with all solutions for maximizing rapid growth and maintaining high biomass concentrations due to the requirements of phototrophic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Polypropylene PP in disposable items such as face masks, gloves, and personal protective equipment has increased exponentially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing significantly to microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment. Upcycling of waste PP provides a useful alternative to traditional thermal and mechanical recycling techniques. It transforms waste PP into useful products, minimizing its impact on the environment. Herein, we synthesized an oil-sorbent pouch using waste PP, which comprises superposed microporous and fibrous thin films of PP using spin coating. The pouch exhibited super-fast uptake kinetics and reached its saturation in fewer than five minutes with a high oil uptake value of 85 g/g. Moreover, it displayed high reusability and was found to be effective in absorbing oil up to seven times when mechanically squeezed between each cycle, demonstrating robust oil-sorption capabilities. This approach offers a potential solution for managing plastic waste while promoting a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed polyolefin-based waste needs urgent attention to mitigate its negative impact on the environment. The separation of these plastics requires energy-intensive processes due to their similar densities. Additionally, these materials cannot be blended without compatibilizers, as they are inherently incompatible and immiscible. Herein, non-wettable microporous sheets from recycled polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are presented. The methodology involves the application of phase separation and spin-casting techniques to obtain a bimodal porous structure, facilitating efficient oil–water separation. The resulting sheets have an immediate and equilibrium sorption uptake of 100 and 55 g/g, respectively, due to the presence of micro- and macro-pores, as revealed by SEM. Moreover, sheets possess enhanced crystallinity, as evidenced by XRD; hence, they retain their structure during sorption and desorption and are reusable with 98% efficiency. The anti-wetting properties of the sheets are enhanced by applying a silane coating, ensuring waterless sorption and a contact angle of 140°. These results highlight the importance of implementing sustainable solutions to recycle plastics and mitigate the oil spill problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Py-GC/MS combines pyrolysis with analytical tools of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) and is a quick and highly effective method to analyse the volatiles generated from small amounts of feeds. The review focuses on using zeolites and other catalysts in the fast co-pyrolysis of various feedstocks, including biomass wastes (plants and animals) and municipal waste materials, to improve the yield of specific volatile products. The utilisation of zeolite catalysts, including HZSM-5 and nMFI, results in a synergistic reduction of oxygen and an increase in the hydrocarbon content of pyrolysis products. The literature works also indicate HZSM-5 produced the most bio-oil and had the least coke deposition among the zeolites tested. Other catalysts, such as metals and metal oxides, and feedstocks that act as catalysts (self-catalysis), such as red mud and oil shale, are also discussed in the review. Combining catalysts, such as metal oxides and HZSM-5, further improves the yields of aromatics during co-pyrolysis. The review highlights the need for further research on the kinetics of the processes, optimisation of feed-to-catalyst ratios, and stability of catalysts and products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global waste production is significantly rising with the increase in population. Efforts are being made to utilize waste in meaningful ways and increase its economic value. This research makes one such effort by utilizing gas-to-liquid (GTL)-derived biosolids, a significant waste produced from the wastewater treatment process. To understand the surface properties, the biosolid waste (BS) that is activated directly using potassium carbonate, labelled as KBS, has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The characterization shows that the surface area of BS increased from 0.010 to 156 m2/g upon activation. The EDS and XPS results show an increase in the metal content after activation (especially iron); additionally, XRD revealed the presence of magnetite and potassium iron oxide upon activation. Furthermore, the magnetic field was recorded to be 0.1 mT using a tesla meter. The magnetic properties present in the activated carbon show potential for pollutant removal. Adsorption studies of methylene blue using KBS show a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.27 mg/g; the adsorption process is rapid and reaches equilibrium after 9 h. Modelling using seven different isotherm and kinetic models reveals the best fit for the Langmuir-Freundlich and Diffusion-chemisorptionmodels, respectively. Additional thermodynamic calculations conclude the adsorption system to be exothermic, spontaneous, and favoring physisorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the potential of using biosolids produced from the world's largest gas-to-liquid (GTL) plant for water treatment applications. The metal fractionization of the two samples: raw biosolid (BS) and the pyrolyzed biosolid-BS char (BSC) (temperature: 450 °C, heating rate: 5 °C/min, residence time: 30 min) into exchangeables (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3), and residual (F4) were carried out following the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) procedure. Characterization showed an increased carbon content and reduced oxygen content in the biochar sample. Additionally, the presence of calcium, magnesium, and iron were detected in smaller quantities in both samples. Based on the extraction results for metals, the environmental risk analysis was determined based on RAC (Risk Assessment Code) and PERI (Potential Ecological Risk Index) indices. Furthermore, leaching studies following the TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) were conducted. The results prove that pyrolyzing stabilizes the metals present in the raw material as BS sample had high F1 fractions, and the BS char had a greater F4 fraction. While the RAC and PERI indices show that the pyrolyzed BS has a 'low risk', much reduced compared to the original BS sample, this is confirmed by the leaching studies that displayed minimal leaching from the pyrolyzed sample. Overall, this study proves that the GTL biosolids can best be applied for water treatment after pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic waste comprises 15% of the total municipal solid waste and can be a rich source for producing value-added materials. Among them, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) account for 60% of the total plastic waste, mainly due to their low-end and one-time-use applications. Herein, we report reusable oil sorbent films made by upcycling waste PE and PP. The as-prepared oil sorbent had an uptake capacity of 55 g/g. SEM analysis revealed a macroporous structure with a pore size range of 1–10 µm, which facilitates oil sorption. Similarly, the contact angle values reflected the oleophilic nature of the sorbent. Moreover, thermal properties and crystallinity were examined using DSC, while mechanical properties were calculated using tensile testing. Lastly, 95% of the sorbed oil could be easily recovered by squeezing mechanically or manually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bioenergy attracts much attention due to the global demand for renewable and sustainable energy resources. Waste biomass feedstocks—date pits, coffee waste, and cow dung—require efficient and environmentally friendly waste-management technologies such as pyrolysis. Fast pyrolysis occurs at fast heating rates (10–100 °C/s), generates high bio-oil yields, and is the most widely used process for biofuel generation. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of pyrolysis between single, binary, and ternary feeds on thermal degradation behavior and bio-oil composition. Methods: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at 30 °C/min from room temperature to 850 °C to understand the thermal degradation behavior of the biomasses. A Pyroprobe® reactor—a micro-scale pyrolyzer—was used to conduct the fast pyrolysis at 500 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/s, and the volatile contents were quantified using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Results: The (TGA) showed three main stages of decomposition following dehydration, devolatilization, and char degradation for the different single and multiple feeds. According to the identified compounds, the bio-oil components are broadly identified as aldehydes, amines, aliphatic, aromatics, alcohols, furans, ketones, and acids. The three single-biomass pyrolysis products have four compounds in common, acetic acid and ketone groups (acetic acid, 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-, benzyl methyl ketone, and 1,2-cyclopentanedione). Conclusion: The bio-oil generated from the feeds comprises great potential for volatiles, diesel, and gasoline production with carbon atoms ranging from C2–C33. Future studies should focus on understanding the effect of procedural parameters, including blending ratio, temperature, and heating rates, on bio-oil composition. Additional molecular techniques should be employed to understand biomass components' reaction mechanisms to produce useful bio-oil products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite and its application to remove and recover dissolved oil from a high-salinity oil–water emulsion in batch and column/breakthrough setups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption characterized the synthesized nanocomposite's structure, morphology, and surface properties. Both batch and continuous breakthrough adsorption studies were investigated. The effect of the adsorption parameters on the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency was analyzed. The rGO-Fe2O3 nanocomposite (rGO-Fe2O3-NC) demonstrated a superior adsorption capacity, both when measured experimentally (1213 mg/g) and predicted using the Freundlich isotherm (1301 mg/g). The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic, and the rGO-Fe2O3-NC exhibited a very rapid removal, with more than 60% of oil being removed within 10 min. Breakthrough confirmed the exceptional removal capacities with good regeneration and cycling ability under a short contact time. Moreover, the adsorption capacity was enhanced with an emulsion salinity of up to 100,000 ppm, confirming the suitability for high-salinity wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the risk associated with exposure to benzene and toluene in water resources, researchers have been motivated to conduct studies to remove them from aqueous solutions. Thus, by performing the present study, the potential of Fe3O4/zeolite imidazolate framework nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ZIF-8) was evaluated for the adsorption of benzene and toluene. Accordingly, the solution pH, Fe3O4@ZIF-8 dosage, mixing time, concentration of benzene and toluene, and temperature, were the parameters considered for conducting the batch experiments, for which their effect on adsorption efficiency was evaluated. Our conducted experiments introduced the neutral pH as the best pH range to obtain the maximum removal. Fitting the adsorption data into the various models revealed the aptness of the Langmuir isotherm equation in describing experimental information and highest adsorption capacity; for benzene it was 129.4, 134.2, 137.3, and 148.2 mg g−1, but for toluene it was 118.4, 125.2, 129.6, and 133.1 mg g−1, for temperature 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C, respectively. Using obtained optimal conditions, the adsorption efficiencies of benzene and toluene were obtained to be 98.4% and 93.1%, respectively. Kinetic studies showed acceptable coefficients for PSO kinetics and confirmed its suitability. Also, the recyclability results showed that for six consecutive periods of the adsorption-desorption process, the percentage of removal decreased by only 6% for benzene and toluene. Moreover, calculating thermodynamic parameter changes for benzene and toluene removal confirmed the favorability and spontaneity of the studied process and its endothermic nature. Considering the above findings, Fe3O4@ZIF-8 was found to be an operative adsorbent for removing pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In comparison to other methods, valorising food waste through pyrolysis appears to be the most promising because it is environmentally friendly, fast, and has a low infrastructure footprint. On the other hand, understanding the pyrolytic kinetic behaviour of feedstocks is critical to the design of pyrolysers. As a result, the pyrolytic degradation of some common kitchen vegetable waste, such as tomato, cucumber, carrot, and their blend, has been investigated in this study using a thermogravimetric analyser. The most prevalent model fitting method, Coats–Redfern, was used for the kinetic analysis, and the various mechanisms have been investigated. Some high-quality fitting mechanisms were identified and used to estimate the thermodynamic properties. As the generation of pyrolysis gases for chemical/energy production is important to the overall process applicability, TGA-coupled mass spectrometry was used to analyse the pyrogas for individual and blend samples. By comparing the devolatilization properties of the blend with single feedstocks, the presence of chemical interactions/synergistic effects between the vegetable samples in the blend was validated. The model, based on a first-order reaction mechanism, was found to be the best-fitting model for predicting the pyrolysis kinetics. The calculated thermodynamic properties (ΔH (enthalpy change ≈ E (activation energy))) demonstrated that pyrolysis of the chosen feedstocks is technically feasible. According to the TGA–MS analysis, blending had a considerable impact on the pyrogas, resulting in CO2 composition reductions of 17.10%, 9.11%, and 16.79%, respectively, in the cases of tomato, cucumber, and carrot. Overall, this study demonstrates the viability of the pyrolysis of kitchen vegetable waste as a waste management alternative, as well as an effective and sustainable source of pyrogas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuing increase in population means an increasing demand for products and services, resulting in huge amounts of waste being discharged into the environment. Therefore, waste management requires the application of new and innovative solutions. One new approach involves converting waste into value-added chemicals and products for use directly or after further processing into higher value-added products. These processes include biological, thermochemical, and physiochemical methods. Furthermore, biosolids, including treated sewage sludge (SS), represent one of the major by-products of human activities, constituting a major environmental hazard and requiring the treatment of contaminated wastewater with associated health hazards. Sustainable solutions to manage and dispose of this type of waste are required. In this review, pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion technology, is explored to convert biosolids to biochars. The review addresses previous studies, by providing a critical discussion on the present status of biosolids processing, the potential for energy recovery from the pyrolysis bio-oil and biogas, and finally some benefits of the production of biochars from biosolids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Billions of tons of waste are generated annually, with the amount of waste rapidly increasing and its management expected to worsen. Qatar is a small and wealthy country in the Arabian Peninsula that is undergoing enormous economic and urban development. This study presents the results of a systematic literature review on waste management in Qatar and offers recommendations for system strengthening based on an analysis of the available evidence. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to review literature from the ProQuest and SCOPUS platforms, from which 82 unique publications were analyzed according to ten themes. The results draw upon diverse disciplinary and research focus areas related to waste management, ranging from the generation of value-added products from wastes to the role of religion in waste management awareness. The main recommendations emerging from the available evidence include the need for a holistic approach to address increasing waste generation, which must include diverse stakeholders such as government entities, researchers, and broad community representation for decision making as well as raising awareness for behavior change. Additionally, the main waste types, including construction, food, plastic, and electronic wastes, require specific attention since the cause of generation and type of management varies accordingly. The rise of interest in improving waste management, in particular to work toward meeting the targets of the Qatar National Vision and the National Development Strategy should bring about positive outcomes for strengthening waste management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the frame of this article, briefly but comprehensively, we present the existing knowledge, perspectives, and challenges for the utilization of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) as adsorbents against a plethora of pollutants in aquatic matrixes. The use of LDHs as adsorbents was established by considering their significant physicochemical features, including their textural, structural, morphological, and chemical composition, as well as their method of synthesis, followed by their advantages and disadvantages as remediation media. The utilization of LDHs towards the adsorptive removal of dyes, metals, oxyanions, and emerging pollutants is critically reviewed, while all the reported kinds of interactions that gather the removal are collectively presented. Finally, future perspectives on the topic are discussed. It is expected that this discussion will encourage researchers in the area to seek new ideas for the design, development, and applications of novel LDHs-based nanomaterials as selective adsorbents, and hence to further explore the potential of their utilization also for analytic approaches to detect and monitor various pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study provides a review of various applications of biomass-derived biochars, waste-derived biochars, and modified biochars as adsorbent materials for removing dyestuff from process effluents. Processing significant amounts of dye effluent discharges into receiving waters can supply major benefits to countries which are affected by the water crisis and anticipated future stress in many areas in the world. When compared to most conventional adsorbents, biochars can provide an economically attractive solution. In comparison to many other textile effluent treatment processes, adsorption technology provides an economic, easily managed, and highly effective treatment option. Several tabulated data values are provided that summarize the main characteristics of various biochar adsorbents according to their ability to remove dyestuffs from wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical products in water, also known as personal pharmaceutical products or PCPPs, are developing contaminants that have the potential to impair human health and the environment in a variety of ecosystems. In this work, waste date stones, a waste product obtained from the seedless dates manufacturing industry, were used to make acid-activated carbon. This material has been utilized to extract the medicinal component ibuprofen from water, with a high adsorption capacity of 126 mg ibuprofen per g of waste date stone-generated activated carbon. A design study was conducted to minimize the amount of activated carbon required, utilizing a two-stage batch adsorption system to optimize the usage of the activated carbon. To test the model and compare the quantities of adsorbent required in the two-stage and single-stage systems under various conditions, several variables were entered into the design model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using Hummers method. The synthesized GO was characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption. The analyses confirmed the presence of oxygen functional groups (C=O and C-O-C) on the GO surface. These oxygen functional groups act as active sites in the adsorption Sr (II). The BET analysis revealed the surface area of GO of 232 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.40 cm3/g. The synthesized GO was used as an adsorbent for removing Sr (II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetic results were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A maximum strontium adsorption capacity of 131.4 mg/g was achieved. The results show that the GO has an excellent adsorption capability for removing Sr (II) from aqueous solutions and potential use in wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfiltration membranes derived from semi-crystalline polymers face various challenges when synthesized through the extrusion-casting technique, including the use of large quantities of polymer, long casting times, and the generation of substantial waste. This study focuses on synthesizing these membranes using spin-casting, followed by stretch-induced pore formation. Recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and virgin polyethylene powder, combined with a calcium carbonate filler, were used as the source materials for the membranes. The influence of the polymer-filler ratio with and without stretching on the morphology, tensile strength, and water flow rate was investigated. Optimal conditions were determined, emphasizing a balance between pore structure and mechanical integrity. The permeable membrane exhibited a water flow rate of 19 mL/min, a tensile strength of 32 MPa, and a water contact angle of 126°. These membranes effectively eliminated suspended particles from water, with their performance evaluated against that of commercially available membranes. This research, carried out utilizing the spin-casting technique, outlines a synthesis route for microfiltration membranes tailored to semi-crystalline polymers and their plastic forms., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste poses a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature and the vast quantities generated annually. However, conventional recycling methods are energy-intensive and often yield low-quality products. Herein, HDPE waste is upcycled into anti-aging, superhydrophobic thin films suitable for outdoor applications. A two-layer spin-casting method combined with heating-induced crosslinking is utilized to produce an exceptionally rough superhydrophobic surface, featuring a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 50 nm, an average crest height of 222 nm, an average trough depth of -264 nm, and a contact angle (CA) of 148°. To assess durability, weathering tests were conducted, revealing the films' susceptibility to degradation under harsh conditions. The films' resistance to environmental factors is improved by incorporating a UV absorber, maintaining their hydrophobic properties and mechanical strength. Our research demonstrates a sustainable method for upcycling waste into high-performance, weather-resistant, superhydrophobic films.

Recycling low-end, one-time-use plastics-such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-is of paramount importance to combat plastic pollution and promote sustainability in the modern green economy. This study valorizes LDPE waste by transforming it into 3D oleophilic swellable thin films through a process involving dissolution, phase separation, and extraction. These films are subsequently layered using a customized polypropylene (PP) based nonwoven fabric separator and securely sealed in a zigzag pattern. The zigzag-shaped seal enhances the adhesion of pollutants to the sorbent by providing wire curvatures that increase retention time and uptake capacity. As a result, the sorbent exhibits impressive oil uptake capacities, with immediate and equilibrium values of 120 g / g and 85 g / g , respectively. Notably, the as-prepared sorbent demonstrates low water retention and high selectivity for oil, outperforming commercially available oil sorbents. The unique design involving a 3D-film structure, superposed films, and a zigzag-shaped seal offers a sustainable and value-added solution to the issues of LDPE waste and oil spills on water surfaces.