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Object. We aimed to investigate the association of Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes with perihematomal edema (PHE) and neurological outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods. This prospective multicenter study enrolled patients that suffered ICH from March 2017 to February 2020. Hp phenotypes were determined using Western blotting; relative α1 intensity was calculated in patients with Hp2-1. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was then conducted to identify risk factors for increased relative PHE at 96 h and 3-month poor outcomes. Results. In total, 120 patients were ultimately enrolled: Hp1-1 (n = 15, 12.5%); Hp2-1 (n = 51, 42.5%); and Hp2-2 (n = 54, 45.0%). Hp phenotype was significantly associated with PHE (p = 0.028). With Hp1-1 as a reference value, Hp2-2 significantly increased the likelihood of increased rPHE (OR = 6.294, 95% CI: 1.283–30.881), while Hp2-1 did not (OR = 2.843, 95% CI: 0.566–14.284). Poor outcomes were found to be closely associated with hematoma volume at admission (OR = 1.057, 95% CI: 1.015–1.101) and surgical treatment (OR = 5.340, 95% CI: 1.665–17.122) but not Hp phenotypes (p = 0.190). Further, a high level of relative α1 intensity was identified to be significantly associated with decreased rPHE (OR = 0.020, 95% CI: 0.001–0.358). However, the relative α1 intensity was not associated with poor outcomes (OR = 0.057, 95% CI: 0.001–11.790). Conclusions: ICH patients with Hp2-2 exhibited a higher likelihood of increased rPHE than those with Hp1-1. Higher relative α1 intensities were identified to be closely associated with rPHE in patients with Hp2-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]