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Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis (AS) seriously damage human health. Nano-photothermal technology has been proven to inhibit the development of vascular inflammation by inhibiting the proliferation of inflammatory macrophages. However, photothermal therapy can inhibit the enrichment of AS macrophages in the early stage, but the inhibitory effect is insufficient in the later stage. Herein, we designed and prepared CoS 1.097 nanocrystals by a simple hydrothermal method as new nanoplatforms for efficient photothermal therapy of arterial inflammation. CoS 1.097 nanocrystals exhibited the degradability to release the cobalt ions, and can inhibit the proliferation of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo resulting from the slowly released cobalt ions. Moreover, CoS 1.097 nanocrystals showed intense absorption in the NIR region, thus showing excellent photothermal performance. When irradiated by an 808 nm laser, the photothermal effect of CoS 1.097 nanocrystals can more efficiently kill the macrophages which play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. As far as we know, this is the first work on CoS 1.097 nanocrystals for photothermal therapy of arterial inflammation., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)