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This paper first introduces a theoretical formalization connecting a polity's income level to terrorism. Our framework can accommodate different underlying assumptions about individual- and society-level grievances, yielding competing hypotheses. We then construct a panel database to study terrorism for 1527 subnational regions in 75 countries between 1970 and 2014. Results consistently imply an inverted U-shape that remains robust to incorporating a comprehensive set of region-level covariates, region- and time-fixed effects, as well as estimating an array of alternative specifications. The threat of terrorism systematically rises as low-income polities become richer, peaking at GDP/capita levels of ≈ US$12,800 (in constant 2005 PPP US$), but then falls consistently above that level. This pattern emerges for domestic and transnational terrorism alike. While peaks differ by perpetrator ideology, the inverted U shape also prevails across ideology-specific subsamples. In sum, alleviating poverty may first exacerbate terrorism, contrary to much of the proposed recipes advocated since 9/11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines money laundering and terrorist financing from both a conceptual framework as well as the regulations that attempt to combat its use. A historical perspective of money laundering provides context on its origins, evolution, and anti-money laundering efforts. After a review of the money laundering process, anti-money laundering efforts in the United States are examined through the end of the twentieth century as well as the rise of international terrorism. The impact of September 11, 2001 on anti-money laundering efforts is then examined along with identifying links between human and drug trafficking with terrorist financing. The article concludes with emerging technologies that may have a significant impact on both money laundering and anti-money laundering efforts as they apply to the threat of terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in the discipline of counterterrorism studies since al-Qaeda's catastrophic attacks against the United States on 9/11 along 10 dimensions: defining terrorism, group and lone actor typologies, causes of terrorism, terrorist psychologies, radicalization and recruitment, organizational dynamics, modus operandi, incident chronology databases, forecasting and predicting terrorism, and countering terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, research on attitudes towards the use of torture on suspected terrorists has become common. However, despite acknowledging the identity-rooted relationship between threat and out-group hostility, the possible relationship between identity attachment and attitudes towards torture has been under-explored. Using data from the 2016 American National Election Study, the results of the present study further the understanding of the relationship between identity and support for torture. Two main findings are supported: 1) greater attachment to American Identity increases support for the torture of suspected terrorists, and 2) the perceived threat of terrorism partially mediates the relationship between attachment to the American Identity and attitudes towards torture. Ultimately, the study demonstrates, high attachment to American Identity and the 9/11-generated discursive construction of terrorists as threatening this identity is associated with individuals' attitudes towards torture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an editor's introduction to a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist journal on terrorism in the 21st century. The editor, Harvey W. Kushner, explains that the issue was published shortly before the September 11, 2001 attacks, making the topic even more relevant. Kushner had to put his own contribution on hold due to his involvement in the U.S. Embassy Bombing trial. He then invited back contributors from the original issue to reassess their thoughts on terrorism after 9/11. The special issue includes articles on the future of terrorism, personal reflections on terrorism research, right-wing extremism, counterterrorism studies, and the impact of 9/11 on money laundering. The goal of the issue is to stimulate dialogue, understanding, and further research on terrorism in the new millennium. [Extracted from the article]

I was amazed at the resiliency of the EASU staff and the many conference participants who were physically in Ukraine. On June 23, 2022, I was invited by an EASU conference team member to participate in an upcoming 5-day conference in Ukraine in July entitled "Unknown Wars." Keywords: EASU; Ukraine; Russo-Ukrainian War EN EASU Ukraine Russo-Ukrainian War 355 357 3 01/16/23 20230301 NES 230301 The European Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (EASU) is a nongovernmental organization that promotes and advances science and scholarship within Ukraine and throughout the world. [Extracted from the article]

Most studies on politico-ideological violence (PIV) recognize the importance of socio-political and economic grievances, but they rarely analyse them in depth. I argue that this is symptomatic of a tendency of depoliticization in radicalization research in the post 9/11 context and suggest that the study of PIV may benefit from putting greater emphasis on the element of grievance. A grievance-based analysis allows for critical and reflexive consideration of structural and systemic factors pertinent for engagement in PIV and may thereby contribute to demystifying and re-politicizing the current debate on PIV. I propose three 'ideal types' of grievances (racial, ethnic and religious; socio-economic; political), which may be locally or globally oriented or inspired, and suggest that a combination of those is likely to be present in most forms of PIV. I conclude with a few methodological reflections and potential implications for policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a panel study where one survey was conducted immediately after a terrorist attack in central Stockholm, with over 20,000 participants, we examine the possibility that first-hand experiences with terror increases effects compared to people located elsewhere in Sweden. We use matching and as-if random variation in our data to identify the effect of personal proximity. While we find that people close to the attack perceived themselves as more affected, attesting to the vividness of the experience, we find no evidence of stronger rally effects, greater outgroup dislike, preferences for security policies or emotional effects. The results challenge previous theories on public opinion change in the aftermath of vivid events. In line with prior research, however, the results indicate that public opinion among people across Sweden did change on a range of issues. These general effects occurred uniformly, regardless of geographic location in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is based on the analysis of an extensive and previously unpublished compilation of news wire updates from agencies such as Extel, Press Association and Associated Press received in the BBC newsroom in the run up to the attack and through the first 2 hours of output. The work is comprehensive and is intended as a research resource to enrich the historical record and support further analytical study of news values, especially in connection with major emergencies and unscheduled news events such as terrorist incidents. The significance is that the updates are drawn from all the major news agencies which enable a comparative analysis of their performances. The essay includes a review of frame theory and tests the validity of existing work on frame theory in discussing the stages of news 'processing' of crisis and disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]