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The chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is frequently used to treat a wide range of solid malignant tumors, such as colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, breast, and head and neck cancers. Its antitumoral effects are achieved by interfering with the synthesis of RNA and DNA and by inhibiting thymidylate synthase in both malignant and non-malignant cells. Therefore, it can be responsible for severe toxicities in crucial body organs, including heart, liver, kidney, and reproductive system. Given the fact that 5FU-induced reproductive toxicity may limit the clinical application of this drug, in this study, we aimed to discuss the main locations and mechanisms of the 5FU-induced reproductive toxicity. Initially, we discussed the impact of 5FU on the male reproductive system, which leads to damage of the seminiferous epithelial cells and the development of vacuoles in Sertoli cells. Although no noticeable changes occur at the histopathological level, there is a decrease in the weight of the prostate. Additionally, 5FU causes significant abnormalities in spermatogenesis, including germ cell shedding, spermatid halo formation, polynucleated giant cells, and decreased sperm count. Finally, in females, 5FU-induced reproductive toxicity is characterized by the presence of atretic secondary and antral follicles with reduced numbers of growing follicles, ovarian weight, and maturity impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the energy absorption capacity of polymer composites reinforced with Kevlar fibers and various textile structures under high-velocity impact loading was investigated. Noobing textile, woven laminate, and stitched laminate were used as composite reinforcements. Fiber density and structural thickness were also examined in impact performance. The impact test was performed using a gas gun at a speed of 235 m/s. The impact performance of composite samples was evaluated by comparing residual velocity, ballistic limit, and impact energy absorption. To analyze the damage caused by the impact, all specimens were inspected using CT scan images. It was found that the presence of reinforcing fibers in the thickness direction can significantly improve energy absorption. In thicker composites, impact indentation was observed and the projectile could not penetrate the structure. The indentation depth of the Noobing composite was less than the stitched laminate. Increased fiber density in all three composite configurations showed an increase in energy absorption capacity and a decrease in residual impact velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]