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Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper (HD-Zip) proteins are important ubiquitous and diverse molecular chaperones in plants. We characterized a gene CaATHB-12 derived from HD-Zip I subfamily which was intensively induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and mannitol applications in a pepper cultivar. Efficient gene silencing lines were created from pepper, and stable heterologous overexpression lines were created from Arabidopsis to achieve a comprehensive exploration of gene function. The functional study of CaATHB-12 in pepper increased plant sensitivity to ABA stress, while the over-expressing CaATHB-12 in Arabidopsis lines revealed that tolerance to ABA, salt, and mannitol stresses was decreased. Furthermore, CaATHB-12 plays a fundamental role in elevating the tolerance to these stresses through the increased expression of other stress related genes, increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging the reactive oxygen species. The studied functions of the CaATHB-12 gene may provide some insights in exquisite molecular detail by pursuing signal transduction mechanisms that converge on gene expression patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MYB transcription factors play a key role in anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, there are few reports on MYB transcription factors that can regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato. In this study, the StMYB113 gene was isolated from potato and characterized. Transient activation experiments showed that the StMYB113 gene could promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in tobacco leaves by enhancing the expression of genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis-related enzymes. In addition, overexpression of the StMYB113 gene promoted anthocyanin accumulation in potato tuber skin. Furthermore, transient luciferase analysis showed that StMYB113 enhanced the promoter activities of StF3H and StDFR genes significantly. These results indicated that the StMYB113 gene could promote anthocyanin accumulation in potato tuber skin by directly activating the expression of StF3H and StDFR. The promoter activity of StMYB113 was significantly higher in light than in dark conditions, suggesting that the expression of StMYB113 is induced by light. These findings illustrate the role and regulation of the StMYB113 gene in potato anthocyanin biosynthesis and enrich the regulatory theory of potato anthocyanin biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PBK (PDZ-binding kinase) is a protein-coding gene that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase associated with the dual-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKK) family. Overexpression of this gene is closely linked to tumor development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PBK in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression, prognosis, and immune evasion. We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of PBK to examine its expression and prognostic value. In the LUAD cohort, we analyzed PBK expression, prognosis, mutational features, and immune infiltration in groups with different PBK expression levels. We constructed a PBK-associated genomic model, integrated it into a nomogram, and compared high and low-risk subgroups. In our pan-cancer analysis, PBK was significantly upregulated, particularly in LUAD patients, and displayed poor prognosis. The high PBK expression group had many deletion mutations but still showed gene upregulation. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that PBK-triggered immune escape in the high expression group might relate to antigen presentation, dendritic cell, and CD8+ T cell infiltration. We constructed a 5-gene prognostic model and a nomogram to quantify individual survival probabilities. The PBK-associated gene prognostic model reliably predicted patient prognosis and drug response. Our findings offer new insights into PBK-induced immune escape and targeted therapy during LUAD development, providing valuable suggestions for clinical treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]