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Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) remains a promising exercise mode in managing cardiometabolic health. Large-scale analyses are necessary to understand its magnitude of effect on important cardiometabolic risk factors and inform guideline recommendations. Objective: We aimed to perform a novel large-scale meta-analysis on the effects of HIIT on cardiometabolic health in the general population. Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane library and Web of Science were systematically searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1990 and March 2023 were eligible. Research trials reporting the effects of a HIIT intervention on at least one cardiometabolic health parameter with a non-intervention control group were considered. Results: This meta-analysis included 97 RCTs with a pooled sample size of 3399 participants. HIIT produced significant improvements in 14 clinically relevant cardiometabolic health parameters, including peak aerobic capacity (VO2) [weighted mean difference (WMD): 3.895 ml min−1 kg−1, P < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (WMD: 3.505%, P < 0.001), systolic (WMD: − 3.203 mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic (WMD: − 2.409 mmHg, P < 0.001) blood pressure, resting heart rate (WMD: − 3.902 bpm, P < 0.001) and stroke volume (WMD: 9.516 mL, P < 0.001). Body composition also significantly improved through reductions in body mass index (WMD: − 0.565 kg m−2, P < 0.001), waist circumference (WMD: − 2.843 cm, P < 0.001) and percentage body fat (WMD: − 0.972%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significant reductions in fasting insulin (WMD: − 13.684 pmol L−1, P = 0.004), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (WMD: − 0.445 mg dL−1, P = 0.043), triglycerides (WMD: − 0.090 mmol L−1, P = 0.011) and low-density lipoprotein (WMD: − 0.063 mmol L−1, P = 0.050), concurrent to a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (WMD: 0.036 mmol L−1, P = 0.046). Conclusion: These results provide further support for HIIT in the clinical management of important cardiometabolic health risk factors, which may have implications for physical activity guideline recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cyperus sect. Incurvi (Cyperaceae) contains 31 species worldwide, with important continental radiations in Australasia, Tropical Africa and Madagascar, and the Neotropics. Here, a monograph of the African and Madagascan species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi is presented, including descriptions, illustrations, synonymy, notes on habitat and ecology, geographic distribution ranges and conservation assessments. Our results identify eight species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi endemic to Madagascar, and a further three species native to Tropical Africa. Seven species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi have been typified herein. Six rare Madagascan endemics are assessed as threatened with extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]