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Designing the high-performance, high-subsonic airfoils suitable for different Reynolds number flow is the major challenge for high-altitude long-endurance drones and ultra-high altitude solar aircraft. To overcome the difficulties, this paper proposed a set of aerodynamic optimization design methods that combine the improved category shape function transformation method, parallel computational fluid dynamics, and an improved whale optimization algorithm. This approach achieves high modeling accuracy, computational efficiency, and strong optimization ability. Verification using single-peak, multi-peak, and fixed-dimensional test functions demonstrates that the improved whale optimization algorithm has significantly enhanced optimization capabilities compared with the conventional whale optimization, particle swarm optimization, and gravity search algorithms. Numerical simulations are used to analyze the internal flow mechanisms before and after airfoil optimization under different Reynolds numbers. The results show that, compared with the original airfoil, the optimized airfoil has front loading characteristics that effectively reduce the adverse pressure gradient of the rear part of suction surface, promoting the transition in this region. The reduced adverse pressure gradient also inhibits the development and growth of laminar separation bubbles and slows down the growth of the boundary layer displacement thickness, thereby reducing wake mixing loss and improving the aerodynamic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of Asymblepharus himalayanus, has been determined for the first time by sanger sequencing. The overall length of the mitogenome is 17,304 bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a putative control region. The total base composition is 31.2% for A, 27.0% for T, 14.4% for G, and 27.4% for C. The phylogenetic tree with the whole mitochondrial genome sequence of A. himalayanus together with 10 other related species belonging to the family Scincidae was reconstructed, in order to prove the validity of the mitogenome of A. himalayanus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. himalayanus was not nested within Scincella, and further corroborated this species does not belong to the genus of Scincella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]