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Different chemical extractants and ion exchange resins are used to assess the bioavailability of soil nutrients for crop plants. The major problems associated with the use of IER in soil testing are their reusability and the difficulties encountered in their separation from the soil being extracted. We addressed these difficulties by encapsulating a weakly acidic cation exchange resin and weakly basic anion exchange resin in separate dialysis membrane pouches and suspending them together in a cellulose extraction thimble during extraction. The suitability of this method has been evaluated for diverse types of soils widely varying in physicochemical properties. The standardization of protocol revealed that the ideal conditions for extraction of micronutrients were: 20:40 soil water ratio and 4 h extraction at 25°C in a shaker incubator at 120 rpm. This simple modified ion exchange resin method can be used multiple times for routine soil tests in laboratories for extraction of cationic micronutrients. The soil extracts can be analyzed for cationic micronutrients. The coefficients of determination (R2) between resin extractable- and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid extractable- nutrients were 0.31, 0.59, 0.67, and 0.88 for Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With more and more research happening in the various dimensions of all the sanitary napkin components, various sanitary napkins are available in the market with enhanced functionalities. The increasing consumer awareness on eco-friendliness and the demanding expectations on disposable products to maintain a healthy environment have been the driving forces to initiate the research on improving the eco-friendliness of disposable hygienic product and producing low-cost sanitary napkins. The reasons for non-penetration of sanitary napkins in all strata of Indian markets are mainly due to financial non-affordability, lack of awareness about health, and hygiene etc. The efforts by the Government in the form of creating awareness and offering subsidiaries and supplying raw materials at low cost, low cost sanitary napkins are now available in the market. All these efforts will together guarantee the low cost of the sanitary napkin but still the quality is not ensured, the main reason for this is the higher cost of the testing apparatus. This project focuses on fabricating an economic and indigenous instrument for the accurate evaluation of selected performance properties of sanitary napkin. Varieties of sanitary napkins have been tested in this fabricated performance tester (SANPER tester) and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic weft knitted single jersey fabrics are produced by plating of elastane (elastomeric polyurethane) yarn with lyocell yarn in a circular knitting machine with positive feeder. This type of fabrics and their cloths have great response in the market as they have the tendency to re-gain their original size and shape due to physical extension by any part of human body. This research analyzed the effect of elastane plating on the physical and thermal comfort properties such as GSM, thickness, stitch density, air permeability, water vapor transmission rate, thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity of lyocell single jersey knitted fabrics by varying the loop length. The work revealed that the physical properties like stitch density, thickness and GSM increased with increase in elastane content and decrease in increasing of loop length. The air permeability, water vapor transmission rate and thermal resistivity of the fabrics decreased with increasing of elastane plating and increased with increasing of loop length. The thermal conductivity values of the fabrics are not much significant at 95% significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dhivya, Padma, and Santhini ([2]) states that wound dressing is designed to be in contact with the wound, which is different from a bandage that holds the dressing in place. Keywords: Chitosan; hemostatic efficacy; plain gauze; secondary layer; spunlace; wound dressing; ; ; ; ; ; EN Chitosan hemostatic efficacy plain gauze secondary layer spunlace wound dressing ZH 8044 8050 7 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction The selection of fibers and textile structures are very essential for the selection hemostatic wound dressing material (Kubera Sampath Kumar et al. [4]; [6]; [5]). 2020a. Study of wound dressing material coated with natural extracts of Calotropis Gigantean, Eucalyptus Globulus and buds of Syzygium Aromaticum solution enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D TM 60). 2017a. Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy and wound healing activity of natural fibre based wound dressing coated with natural extracts of calotropis gigantean, eucalyptus globules and buds of syzygiumaromaticum enhanced with epidermal growth factor. [Extracted from the article]

This work is concerned with the characterization of pulp extracted from agro-waste fibers using steam explosion technique. Steam explosion is a very efficient and non-reactive technique to extract soft and absorbent cellulose pulp from agro waste fibers like banana, bagasse, and sisal. Preforms prepared from the extracted pulp, with the aid of binders, using the water laid method, enhanced their suitability to be used for sanitary napkins, due to improved fiber integrity and absorbency. The preforms developed from these extracted pulp were used as the absorbent core of the sanitary napkins to replace the widely used synthetic viscose wood pulp, which thereby improved the eco-friendliness of the sanitary napkins. The preforms were made from these pulps in combination with various binders namely cassava, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and sodium alginate in various concentrations namely 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%. The various preform samples were tested for physical and absorbency-related performance characteristics like grams per square meter, thickness, density of the pulp, absorbency and immersion time, vertical wicking, strike through rate and swelling measurements. It was found that the preforms made with cassava as the binder, recorded higher absorbency properties when compared to other preforms, which were made using CMC and sodium alginate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the part of work, the leave extracts of aloe vera, piper betel, and neem leaf were prepared and coated on bamboo fiber-based material for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (REGEN-D™ 150). The FTIR confirms the presence of alcoholic and phenolic group which were responsible for antibacterial activity. The SEM morphology of the developed dressing material was porous nature and more suitable for the process of curing wound. In antimicrobial tests, the zone of incubation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ranges from 18 to 22 mm. In vivo study using albino rats induced with diabetes reveals that the wound healing rate is increased in the range of 25–54% compared to a negative control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the leave extracts of Calotropis gigantean, Eucalyptus globulus and buds of Syzygium aromaticum were prepared and coated on natural fibers based bamboo gauze fabric for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60). The morphology of developed samples was studied using SEM to know its pores sizes. Various mechanical properties have been studied. The antibacterial activity was studied using Gram positive and negative types of bacteria. The wound healing efficacy of the coated fabric samples were studied through in vivo method. The type of wound selected for the study was second degree wound. The dorsal surface of the rat's skin was removed and second degree wound was created. Then the developed fabric samples were dressed over the wound surface and the wound healing was studied by wound closure rate in equal interval of days. A specified composition of natural extracts coated on bamboo gauze fabric enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 60) exhibits good antibacterial property was confirmed from the formation of zone of inhibition in antibacterial test against Escherichia coli and a Staphylococcus aureus and appropriate wound closure rate on second degree wound through in vivo evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the leave extracts of Aloe vera, piper betel and neem leaf were prepared and coated on bamboo fiber based material for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 150). The FTIR confirms the presence of alcoholic and phenolic group which were responsible for antibacterial activity. The SEM morphology of the developed dressing material was porous nature and more suitable for the process of curing wound. In antimicrobial tests, the zone of incubation of E. coli and S. aureus ranges from 18 mm and 22. In vivo study using albino rats induced with diabetes reveals that the wound healing rate is increased in the range of 25% to 54% compared to a negative-control group. Overall, the natural extracts coated dressing material has considerable potential and well suited for clinical application that was evidenced through antimicrobial and in vivo study results. Therefore, natural extracts coated on bamboo-based dressing materials are claimed to have helpful nature for wound healing and the current study will be one of the platforms for natural extracts coated material-based medical textile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the influence of modified yarn path on ring spinning like straight path, left diagonal path, and right diagonal path on the physical properties of the cotton fabrics like tensile strength, tear strength, and drape performance. The results show that the fabrics made with the left diagonal yarn path gives a better overall performance of the physical properties of the cotton fabrics followed by straight path and right diagonal yarn path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jute and hollow conjugated polyester fiber (HCP)-reinforced nonwoven composites were designed by Box and Behnken model approach. Its thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal transmittance, and thermal diffusivity were evaluated. From the test results of response surface method (RSM), the weight of composite material maintained as 3280 g/m2 with the proportion of jute/HCP fiber in the ratio of 50/50%, 60/40%, and 70/30% played a significant role in insulation and mechanical properties. Various needling density maintained on the composite material such as 300, 150, and 75 punches/cm2 contributes to the role of significant impacts on the research process. The optimum of 150 needling density with the proportion of 50/50 Jute and HCP fiber was selected to produce four kinds of composite structures. Its thermal, sound, electrical insulation values and limiting oxygen values were analyzed and suggested for building environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After reviewing the past work into the characterization of weave structures and their relationships with various properties of fabrics, an account is given of the present knowledge of them on comfort properties which represents one of the major areas that have been neglected in garments. The shortcomings of this knowledge are shown to be that, although many studies have been conducted on comfort, there have been no systematic studies of weave structures and their impact on comfort. Thermal comfort properties of fabrics are affected by a gamut of fiber, yarn, and fabric properties. In this study, the characterization in the comfort properties, namely thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, has been studied as a function of weave structures and other geometrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the effect of modified yarn path in ring spinning such as straight path, left diagonal path and right diagonal path on moisture management properties of the cotton fabric like wetting time, absorption time, spreading area, spreading speed, accumulative one way transport index and overall moisture management capability. The results show that the fabric made with right diagonal yarn path exhibits better overall performance of the moisture management properties of the cotton fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are exceptionally noxious and extensively distributed in the atmosphere. We have used caffeic acid decorated silver nanoparticles (CA–AgNPs) for the colorimetric detection of the Hg(II) ions in the aqueous systems. In this method, a paper strip was simply used as a dipstick type device for the fast and selective detection of the aqueous Hg(II) ions. The paper strip displays a color change within 50 seconds with superior selectivity after being dipped into the solution containing a concentration of Hg(II) ions in the range of 20–0.0001 ppm. The developed method allows us to detect Hg(II) through naked eyes with a LOD of 0.0001 ppm. The interaction between prepared CA–AgNPs and Hg(II) was also studied using reactive kinetics, thermodynamic parameters and density functional theory (DFT). The proposed method can be a cost-effective tool for field-level applications for on-site real-time detection of mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to develop knitted denim fabrics by using cotton and eri silk yarns. Three combinations of 3/1 twill knitted denim fabrics were developed. Two materials cotton yarn 30s and eri silk yarn 2/80s Nm with three types (100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% eri silk, 100% eri silk) of knitted denim fabrics were produced. Moisture management properties were tested for the developed samples.100% eri silk knitted denim fabric was found with the excellent accumulative one way transport index % and a very good overall moisture management capability better than that of 100% cotton and 50% cotton/50%eri silk knitted denim fabrics. The results indicated that the eri silk knitted denim fabric is more suitable for active wear and functional wear applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The handicraft sector plays a significant role in providing employment opportunities in rural and semi-urban areas of the country. It helps in generating substantial income for the artisans. The uses for palm leaves are abundant. Attractive items made of Palm Leaves are very popular in South India, mostly in Southern Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. However, to generate sustainable revenue through their products, the artisans need to understand the buyer's requirements. This study aims to understand the consumer's purchasing behavior when buying palm leaf products. The sample consists of 233 consumers with diverse backgrounds from the state of Tamil Nadu, India. A questionnaire was developed to measure awareness and attitude influence while purchasing palm leaf products. The results can help the artisans to get an insight into end-user expectations and requirements toward palm leaf products and suggest strategies to increase the income of artisans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant cellulosic, calotropis giganteafiber properties, and natural oils were discovered in this study. This study consists of various experimental values of the calotropisgiganteafiber and the results such as chemical composition, Assessment of Hollowness Free Space, X-ray Diffraction Analysis, FTIR, SEM, Density Gradient Column (DGC), free space availability calculation, and oil-holding capacity were discussed in this study. The results were found to depend on density of the oil and web, and the method has appeared to be promising. It is revealed that calotropis giganteafiber has large free spaces, which are used for holding oils. The equations established would support the correlation in such as oil-holding capacity. The web of calotropis giganteafiber has a high degree of oil absorption for all the three types of oils such as the coconut oil, castor oil, and ground nut oil. It can be seen that the mass of the oil absorbed for coconut oil is about 9 g when expressed as percentage over the actual mass of the web, it goes to about 1800%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibers are gaining popularity among researchers and academics for use in polymer composites due to their environmental friendliness and long-term viability.A new series of green composites using chicken feather fiber (CFF) and jute as reinforcing materials in a polypropylene resin-based polymer matrixwere used to fabricate the hybrid composites. This paper examines the impact of molding pressure, temperature, and time on the tensile strength and water absorption characteristics of compression molded hybrid composites. The findings of experiments undertaken to evaluate hybrid composites produced with different fiber fractions and processing parameters are discussed in this paper.When the composites' overall tensile strength was compared, the 100% Jute fiber composite had the highest tensile strength when the maximum pressure, temperature, and time were kept constant. Temperature and pressure have a considerable impact on composite sample tensile strength, whereas time has little influence.As predicted, raising the jute weight percentage in composites increases water absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-six samples of woven fabric were finished with Musa acuminata SAP in three different concentrations, viz., 50%, 75%, and 100% were applied on cotton fabrics using padding mangle at four different temperatures, viz., room temperature, 50°C, 75°C, and 100°C and also with three different process timings, viz., 20 min, 40 min, and 60 min, respectively. The finished fabrics have been analyzed on the whiteness and yellow index properties. It has been observed that the fabric finished with a 50% concentration of Musa acuminata SAP with 50°C for a prolonged time of processing shows a lesser yellow index and higher whiteness index value followed by the 100% and 75% concentration of SAP. The finished optimized fabric samples have been evaluated on the physical properties of fabric such as tensile strength, tear strength, pilling, drape coefficient, and stiffness of the fabric. It has been found that the fabric finished with a 50% concentration of Musa acuminata SAP with the lowest temperature at least processing time has better performance in the physical properties of the fabric when compared to the highest concentration of Musa acuminata SAP with the highest temperature at highest process timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the methanol extract of Musa acuminate leaves has a significant development on the quality of the protection features such as, antibacterial and ultraviolet protection, was observed. The fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap (7%) at the temperature rate of 40–50°C has higher zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria and improved ultraviolet protection factor than the controlled sample. The fabric finished with the lower concentration of M. acuminata sap (3% & 5%) has lesser zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria. The fabric finished with a 7% concentration of M. acuminata leaves methanol extract at 40–50°C shows high protection factor against antibacterial and ultraviolet protection. Hence, it is observed that the fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap exhibits a higher zone of inhibition against bacteria's and ultraviolet protection factors when compared to the lower concentration of methanol extraction of M. acuminata leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of Musa acuminata SAP on the air permeability of the finished cotton fabric Water vapor permeability The influence of I Musa acuminata i SAP on the water vapor permeability of the finished specimen is described in Figure 3. Keywords: Cotton fabrics; comfort; Musa acuminata; natural extracts; thermal comfort; SAP; ; ; ; EN Cotton fabrics comfort Musa acuminata natural extracts thermal comfort SAP ZH 8092 8100 9 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction I Musa Acuminata i stem SAP is naturally extracted by cutting the cultivated plant just 1 ½ feet above from the ground level where the SAP (Separate substance Present) flow is relatively uniform and making a pit over it, helps to exude the sap due to the higher root pressure. Two-way ANOVA was utilized to identify the significance of differences between finished and controlled fabric samples and fabric physical properties, thermal comfort properties of woven finished fabric samples. [Extracted from the article]

In this study eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo, eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock fabrics and the moisture management properties have been developed and analyzed. The effects of raw material combination and fabric structure on moisture management properties with plated interlock knit fabrics are examined. For this study, two types of plated interlock knit structures have been developed. The outer layer made up of bamboo/tencel yarns (14.8 tex), the middle layer micro denier polyester (125 denier) connected with more tuck points, the next to skin layer made up of eri silk yarns (14.3 tex). The result shows that plated interlock knit structure are highly influences the moisture management properties. When compare to eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and tencel combination Excellent moisture management properties were observed in eri silk/micro denier/tencel combination plated interlock knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, adhesive joints are largely applied in the automotive, aircraft and aerospace, civil, and naval industries. Although several applications involve flat (plane) adherends, curved joints play an important role in many engineering applications like civil and aircraft construction. This work aims to investigate three structural adhesives, ranging from brittle to ductile, applied in curved joggle-lap joints between carbon fibre reinforced polymer adherends and subjected to internal pressure, to validate a robust design procedure and provide project guidelines for this complex structural, geometrical, and loading system, which constitute the main novelty of the proposed work. A numerical cohesive zone model parametric analysis was undertaken by varying the overlap length, thickness of the adherends, and adherends' curvature, including the evaluation of peel and shear stresses in the adhesive, failure mode comparison, maximum load, and energy dissipated after failure. Validation of the cohesive zone model technique was initially performed using flat single-lap joint under tensile loads. A significant effect of the overlap length and thickness of the adherends on the maximum load was found, while the adherends' curvature effect on the maximum load was negligible. Ductile adhesives, although less strong, generally performed better in terms of maximum load and dissipated energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-wide mask wearing may contribute to the control of COVID-19 by reducing the amount of emission of infected saliva and respiratory droplets from individuals with subclinical or mild COVID-19. In this work, a brief review is presented on face masks and related things. First, the size of microorganisms in relation to PM2.5 and PM10 is given for an approximate estimate of the sizes of objects that needs to be filtered. In continuation, the principles of filtration of objects by the network of fibers (woven, non-woven, knitted, etc.) are given. Common fibers used for making face mask is presented along with various fabric structure and their manufacturing. Additionally, advancements like the treatment of fibers in terms of coated fabrics, nano-particle finishes, and green synthesized nano-particle coatings have been explained in view of their anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. The classification of the face masks based on their fabric make-up has been given which has been extended to classification based on the barrier properties and various efficiencies of the face masks. The characterization of face masks like particle filtration efficiency, bacterial filtration efficiency, breathing resistance, flash resistance, and flame resistance are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a futuristic approach an attempt has been made in this study to improve the compatibility between reinforcement and polymer matrix in composites by various chemical treatments. The adhesion of these can be achieved by modifying the surface using the chemical treatments. The general appearance of the Agave Americana fibers which underwent benzoylation was rated to be good in visual evaluation. The chemical treatments increased lignin content with 31.3% on benzoylation but decreased by both acetylation and alkylation treatments with 20.08% and 0.95% respectively. Moisture content was decreased in the fiber samples by benzylation and water absorption property decreased on acetylation and alkylation which would assist in fiber matrix compatibility. The breaking strength increased on benzoylation, and elongation increased on alkylation. Among the three chemical treatments the maximum degradation of fibers occurred at the highest temperature of 390°C with mass loss of 98.2% by benzoylation. Thermal stability improved in all the chemical treated fiber samples. Morphological analysis exhibited the removal of gummy substances and had improved roughness on the surface of fibers. The novelty is brought in the study by the fiber selection and analysis made using varied chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tri-layer knitted fabrics created for the aim of active sportswear have been enhanced with the help of microdenier filament polyester yarn, spun polyester yarn, polypropylene, and cotton in this study. These developed trilayer knitted fabrics are then examined for the thermal comfort properties. The results evidently showed that Microdenier Polyester/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton tri-layer knitted fabrics combination shows exceptionally appreciable thermal comfort properties due to their structural factors such as filamentous nature, lesser thickness, low areal density, and lesser bulkiness. The effect of fiber chosen also plays a crucial part with respect to the thermal comfort properties of tri-layer fabrics developed. Samples such as Microdenier Polyester/Polypropylene/Cotton, Polypropylene/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton also performed better next to that of the Microdenier Polyester/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton combination because polypropylene also possesses a good wicking characteristic. A poor thermal behavior was found in the Microdenier Polyester/Cotton/Polypropylene sample because of the reasons such as protruding fibers of cotton, increased thickness, high areal density, etc. Also on comparing between the filament and the spun yarn, the filament yarn is highly recommended due to its appreciable behavior. Results evidently show that Microdenier Polyester/Microdenier Polyester/Cotton combination possesses an exceptionally appreciable thermal comfort property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to transport and evaporate moisture quickly and effectively is a very essential and expected property of a fabric chosen for the clothing purposes. The present study analyzed the moisture management properties of four different natural and manmade cellulosic fibers, its blends and by varying three different knitted structures using moisture management tester. The result reveals that the modal fiber wicks and spreads quickly and it requires an average 50% lesser time than other fiber samples. Among the three structures, single jersey fabrics showed excellent behavior of transportation of moisture through its surface. Single jersey modal fabric was rated as superior moisture management fabric, which can be recommended for the applications such as sportswear, where high moisture management properties with greater comfort are demanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the capacity to regulate moisture is one of the most crucial qualities of knitted fabrics. This study focuses on the interaction between core ratio, twist, and loop length on the moisture management capabilities of single jersey knitted textiles manufactured from 100% regenerated bamboo, 80:20 regenerated bamboo: polyester yarns, and 60:40 regenerated bamboo: polyester yarns. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the design parameters in this study. It was discovered that the moisture management qualities were improved by the increased polyester core content, high twist, and short loop length. Single jersey knitted fabrics made from 100% regenerated bamboo yarns swiftly wick away sweat and maintain moisture in their structure, resulting in a very fast wetting rate, spreading speed, and extremely large maximum wetted radius, as well as a very excellent AOTI value and very good OMMC ratings. Additionally, it can be suggested that single jersey knitted textiles consisting of core-spun yarns provide quick absorption and quick drying rates, meeting the needs of sportswear applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this research was to create a compression molded hybrid composite board using Chicken Feather Fiber (CFF), jute fiber, and a combination of the two. It also looks at how production factors such as temperature, pressure, and time affect the mechanical properties of this composite. For all of the composite samples created, the largest impact strengths were found at the lowest temperature, pressure, and time. The temperature has a greater impact than pressure or time. The 50:50 CFF/Jute composite has the highest impact strength of the developed composite samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palmyra fibers are found to be the renewable and sustainable fiber in textile applications. These fibers possess good tensile strength and found to be used as a natural reinforcement material for composites. The main objective of this work is to extract and treat the fibers with varying concentrations of NaOH (2%,3%,4%& 5%) to evaluate the mechanical properties, surface morphology, and fiber orientation. The observations in SEM images denote the removal of impurities like hemi cellulose and lignin after the alkali treatment. 4% NaOH-treated fibers results in higher tensile strength (63.43 MPa) and a further increase in alkali concentration to 5% results in a reduction of the tensile strength (62.65 MPa). For all the treated fibers, elongation at break was found to be higher than the untreated one. The orientation in the fiber structure improves after the alkali treatment up to 4% and a further increase in alkali concentration leads to a decrease in the orientation which was observed through X-ray diffraction studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Musa Acuminata SAP has greater influence on moisture management property of the fabric. The fabric finished with Musa Acuminata SAP also shows higher level of comfort. An examination was made on the effect of Musa Acuminata SAP-finished fabric on moisture management properties of the cotton-finished fabric like wetting time, absorption time, spreading area, spreading speed, accumulative one-way transport index, and moisture management capability. The results prove that the fabric finished with the highest concentration of Musa Acuminata SAP at a moderate temperature with the least processing time has good performance in the moisture management behavior of the finished fabric when compared with the lower concentration of Musa Acuminata SAP with the highest temperature at the highest processing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 100% Eri Silk, 85:15% Wool/Eri silk, Cotton, and Micro-denier Acrylic yarns have been used to develop double-layered knitted fabrics. The thermal comfort properties such as air permeability, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, and water vapor transmission have been evaluated. In this study, it is found that 100% eri silk double-layered knitted fabrics have better air permeability properties when compared with the other fabrics (85:15% Wool/Eri silk and 100% micro-denier acrylic fabrics) due to their thin and porous structure. As far as thermal conductivity is concerned, 100% Eri silk double-layered knitted fabrics have better thermal conductivity, whereas 85:15% wool/Eri silk double-layered knitted fabrics show poor thermal conductivity. In the case of thermal resistance, 85:15% wool/Eri silk double-layered knitted fabrics have maximum thermal resistance and 100% Eri silk shows poor thermal resistance when compared to other samples. A total of 100% Eri silk double-layered knitted fabrics have better water vapor transmission and 85:15% wool/Eri silk double-layered knitted fabrics have poor water vapor transmission when compared to other samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort is an aspect and is considered as one of the important characteristics of clothing. Generally, the comfort properties can be distinguished into three categories, viz., thermo-physiological comfort, sensorial comfort, and psychological comfort. Thermo-physiological comfort of a fabric is determined by the ability of the fabric to transmit heat, air, and moisture from the skin to the atmosphere. Fabric made of synthetic fibers has convincing comfort properties when compared with the fabrics made of natural fibers like cotton, silk, wool, etc. When natural fibers are compared with synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers are hydrophobic in nature and provides less comfort to the wearer. Hence, in this research work, an attempt has been made to study the thermo-physiological comfort properties of herbal finished woven fabrics made from synthetic fibers coated with neem and bermudagrass. Herbal finishes were applied on the woven fabrics made from 100% polyester and blends of 50:50 polyester, acrylic fibers. These finished fabrics were tested and analyzed for durability and essential thermo-physiological comfort properties. Based on the test results and analysis it was found that significant improvements in the moisture-related properties and moderate decrease in the thermal conductivity of the synthetic fabrics with neem and bermudagrass herbal finish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, an instrument was designed and developed to measure the vertical wicking behavior of textile fabrics. This instrument measures the vertical wicking capability of the fabric samples with respect to time very precisely by the non-contact method using color sensors. It records the vertical wicking time of the fabric using color sensors which analyse the change of color in the fabric caused by the color solution used for wicking. The color sensors are arranged vertically at equal intervals. For validating the developed instrument, four types of woven and knitted fabric samples were tested at first using the standard manual test method and next using the developed instrument. The results were compared for its accuracy and repeatability. Results obtained from this developed instrument were highly correlated with the manual method and were reliable. This development can be used for the objective evaluation of vertical wicking characteristics of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstrual hygiene is one of the most important health-related aspects which must be given higher priority to overcome the menstrual cycle period of women. Currently, there are many types of sanitary napkins are available in the market to absorb the menstrual fluid but most of them are constructed by using petroleum bi-product called SAP and it is used to absorb and hold more menstrual fluid. The present work focuses on to produce and study the moisture behavior properties of a sanitary napkin by using 100% natural fibers as core absorbent. Milkweed fibers are the natural organic fibers which have been taken as core absorbent material in different blend ratios as 100% milkweed, 80/20 milkweed/cotton, 60/40 milkweed/cotton, 50/50 milkweed/cotton, 40/60 milkweed/cotton, and 20/80 milkweed/cotton to develop a sanitary napkin by using polyethylene and polypropylene as bottom and top layer respectively. The produced samples were tested and evaluated by Liquid spreading rate test, Liquid Retention test, Liquid holding capacity under pressure test, and quantity of liquid absorbed in order to evaluate the moisture behavior properties of developed sanitary napkin. The outcome of the results demonstrates that sanitary napkins shows enhanced moisture properties when increasing the milkweed fiber blend percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, demand of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) in various industries especially aerospace industries drastically increased. Several exceptional properties of titanium alloy that contribute to its popularity include high compressive and tensile strength, fracture toughness oxidation resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, due to these superior properties, titanium alloys are categorized as hard-to-machine materials. The drilling process is accounted for roughly 40%−60% of material removal processes of an aeronautical product. Drilling processes for titanium alloys are categorized into conventional method (twist drilling) and unconventional method (rotary ultrasonic machining [RUM] drilling, laser drilling and electron discharge machining [EDM] drilling). This research aims to identify mechanisms and limitations of each drilling method applicable on titanium alloys. In addition, processing parameters affecting performance measures of each drilling method are discussed. The main problem associated with conventional twist drilling is extreme processing temperature, resulting in rapid tool wear and extensive burrs formation. These issues cause the cost for titanium alloy drilling to be relatively high as compared with twist drilling of other materials. To minimize these issues, researchers have developed several unconventional drilling methods, aiming to minimize issues found in conventional twist drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]