Search

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most of the available knowledge in the literature on Mexican fishes and their parasites refers to information within political divisions and/or hydrological basins in the country. Indeed, only a few studies have analyzed the helminth fauna of these vertebrates as a biological group distributed nation‐wide. This lack of available knowledge prevents the study of several basic and applied aspects involving fish–parasite interactions at different spatial and temporal scales. In this dataset, we compiled all the available geographic information on fish–helminth parasite interactions involving native and exotic fish species recorded in continental waters throughout the Mexican territory. After an exhaustive filtering and the curation of information, our data set contains 5999 records of 361 freshwater fish species (roughly 70% of known freshwater fish species occurring in Mexico) and 483 endo‐ and ectoparasitic helminths collected over an 85‐year period (from 1936–2021) in 1070 localities distributed throughout Mexico. These records are mainly concentrated in only a few states located to the south and east of the country; although all states have been sampled and all major basins in Mexico are represented. The fish order with the highest number of records was Perciformes (n = 2325, 38.75%) while the fish family with the highest number of records was Cichlidae (n = 1741, 29.02%). Native species of fishes corresponded to 92.14% of the records (n = 5528) and fish‐associated parasites were found in 41 habitat types in/on their host bodies. Regarding fish parasites, we found that most of the records are from the phylum Platyhelminthes (n = 4495, 74.92%). At the class level, we observed that Trematoda reached the highest number of records (n = 2965, 49.42%). Moreover, we found that Diplostomidae (n = 917, 15.25%) were the family of trematodes with the highest number of records. Most parasites were registered in their adult stage (n = 3730, 62.17%), followed by larval stages (n = 2267, 37.78%). We hope that the fish–parasite interactions data set will encourage researchers worldwide to explore different ecological and coevolutionary aspects of fishes and their helminth parasites, as well as provide useful information for the better implementation of conservation initiatives. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications or teaching events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Preeclampsia (PE) occurs annually in 8% of pregnancies. Patients without risk factors represent 10% of these. There are currently no first‐trimester biochemical markers that accurately predict PE. An increase in serum 60‐ and 70‐KDa extracellular heat shock proteins (eHsp) has been shown in patients who developed PE at 34 weeks. We sought to determine whether there is a relationship between first‐trimester eHsp and the development of PE. This was a prospective cohort study performed at a third level hospital in Mexico City from 2019 to 2020. eHsp levels were measured during the first‐trimester ultrasound in singleton pregnancies with no comorbidities. First‐trimester eHsp levels and biochemical parameters of organ dysfunction were compared between patients who developed preeclampsia and those who did not. All statistical analyses and model of correlation (r) between eHsp and clinical parameter were performed using bootstrapping R‐software. p‐values <0.05 were considered significant. The final analysis included 41 patients. PE occurred in 11 cases. eHsp‐60 and eHsp−70 were significantly higher at 12 weeks in patients who developed PE (p = 0.001), while eHsp‐27 was significantly lower (p = 0.004). Significant differences in first‐trimester eHsp concentration suggest that these are possible early biomarkers useful for the prediction of PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater withdrawal can cause localized and rapid poroelastic subsidence, spatially broad elastic uplift of low amplitude, and changes in the gravity field. Constraining groundwater loss in Mexico City, we analyze data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its follow‐on mission (GRACE/FO) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel‐1A/B images between 2014 and 2021. GRACE/FO observations yield a groundwater loss of 0.85–3.87 km3/yr for a region of ∼300 × 600 km surrounding Mexico City. Using the high‐resolution interferometric SAR data set, we measure >35 cm/yr subsidence within the city and up to 2 cm/yr of uplift in nearby areas. Attributing the long‐term subsidence to poroelastic aquifer compaction and the long‐term uplift to elastic unloading, we apply respective models informed by local geology, yielding groundwater loss of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr. Our results suggest Mexico City aquifers have been depleting at faster rates since 2015, exacerbating the socioeconomic and health impacts of long‐term groundwater overdrafts. Plain Language Summary: Groundwater overdraft in Mexico City results from excessive freshwater demand and unsustainable water resource management in a subtropical environment with warm summers and dry winters. Groundwater depletion can result in ground surface deformation and changes in the gravity field, observable by Sentinel‐1 and GRACE satellites. Here, we examine data from both satellite missions between November 2014 and October 2021 to determine groundwater volume loss. Using GRACE, which has a footprint of ∼350 km, we quantify groundwater volume loss to a rate of 0.85–3.87 km3 per year in the broader area surrounding Mexico City. Analysis of high‐resolution Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar images shows land sinks at a rate of 35 cm/yr within the city and surrounding areas uplifts at a rate of ∼2 cm/yr. While the subsidence is a consequence of aquifer compaction, the uplift represents an elastic unloading response of the Earth's crust to water mass loss. Using geophysical models informed by local geology, we show that the region loses groundwater at rates of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr. Our results emphasize the need for groundwater monitoring in Mexico City to assist with managing freshwater resources. Key Points: A subsidence rate of >35 cm/yr within Mexico City, surrounded by ∼2 cm/yr of uplift, is observed using space‐borne synthetic aperture radarGroundwater loss of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr in Mexico City causes poroelastic subsidence, a broad‐scale elastic uplift, and gravity field changeMexico City aquifers have been depleting at least since 2015, exacerbating groundwater overdrafts' socioeconomic and health impacts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildlife plays an important role in the emergence of livestock diseases, and their movements can complicate disease management efforts. One of the most significant vector‐borne diseases of livestock worldwide is bovine babesiosis, spread by cattle fever ticks (CFTs; Rhipicephalus [=Boophilus] microplus and Rhipicephalus [=Boophilus] annulatus). Although CFTs were eradicated from the United States by 1943, bovine babesiosis and CFTs are prevalent in México. Recently, management of CFTs in the Texas–México region has been complicated by the presence of free‐ranging, exotic nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Nilgai are abundant in this region and are competent hosts for CFTs. The goal of this study was to better understand nilgai movements and space use to inform CFT treatment strategies. We analyzed hourly locations from 40 GPS‐collared nilgai in Cameron County, TX, USA, from April 2019 to September 2020. We assigned each nilgai a movement behavior using the net squared displacement metric. We estimated nilgai home range sizes at different temporal scales (monthly, seasonally, and overall) using Brownian bridge movement models. We observed movement patterns consistent with residency (52.5%), seasonal movers (17.5%), dispersal (5%), and unclassified (25%). Resident nilgai had an average maximum axial distance of 7.8 km, while two young females made separate dispersal movements of about 40 km within a year. Overall, nilgai had large and highly variable home ranges: annual median home range estimate for females was 563 ha (range = 105–1545 ha), and for males, it was 937 ha (range = 221–1602 ha). Peak nilgai movements occurred during crepuscular hours, and median hourly movement for females was 57 m/h, and for males, it was 66 m/h. Nilgai home ranges and long‐distance movements have the potential to overlap multiple ranches, as the typical ranch size in South Texas ranges from 250 to 6000 ha. Resident nilgai were more likely to maintain local infestations of CFT. Dispersal events took place during peak tick season, demonstrating the potential for nilgai to aid in the spread of CFT. Understanding these behaviors will help the CFT Eradication Program develop more efficacious treatment strategies to treat infestations in nilgai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquifers play an important role in addressing water needs worldwide. When overexploited, they may lose storage and compact, causing land subsidence and impacts on urban landscapes. Using Sentinel‐1 satellite imagery, we perform the largest ever‐made Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) survey over Mexico, across a 700,000 km2 area hosting >85.2 million inhabitants. We estimate present‐day subsidence rates for yet unmapped and well‐known hotspots (e.g., −45 cm/year in Mexico City), and compute compaction volumes at >300 aquifer‐systems (up to −60 hm3/year at Mexico City Metropolitan Area). InSAR‐derived aquifer‐system compaction generally correlates well with groundwater deficits, extractions and storage changes from management reports. Semi‐theoretical relationships for the whole Central Mexico and hydrological‐administrative regions VII, VIII, and XIII, enable the assessment of compaction rates and volumes resulting from groundwater exploitation. These could be used to inform groundwater management strategies towards adaptation to climate change and future needs of a growing population. Plain Language Summary: Groundwater resources address a large component of water needs worldwide, especially in countries with extensive arid regions, such as Mexico. When aquifers are overexploited in excess of natural recharge, they may lose part of their storage capacity and compact, causing land subsidence. Impacts on urban landscapes, such as surface fracturing of buildings and transport networks, are very common in Central Mexico, where several aquifers are in deficit. In this work, we process satellite Sentinel‐1 radar data with a multi‐temporal interferometric method, to perform a quasi‐continental survey of land deformation. The analysis enables the identification of several land subsidence hotspots (not only subsiding sites already known such as Mexico City, but also others previously unmapped), and the estimation of their present‐day subsidence patterns and rates. Using satellite data, we compute compaction volumes of aquifer‐systems and compare them with groundwater deficits, extractions and storage changes from official aquifer‐system management reports. We found that satellite observations correlate well with aquifer‐system data. We therefore derive some semi‐theoretical relationships linking groundwater exploitation data with the resulting compaction. These relationships could be used to inform groundwater management strategies towards adaptation to climate change and future needs of a growing population. Key Points: A quasi‐continental survey through radar interferometry reveals present‐day land subsidence hotspots in Central MexicoSubsidence correlates with hydraulic head changes and aquifer‐systems' groundwater deficits, extractions and storage lossSemi‐theoretical relationships enable assessment of compaction rates and volumes resulting from groundwater exploitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species distribution models (SDMs) are an increasingly important tool for conservation particularly for difficult‐to‐study locations and with understudied fauna. Our aims were to (1) use SDMs and ensemble SDMs to predict the distribution of freshwater mussels in the Pánuco River Basin in Central México; (2) determine habitat factors shaping freshwater mussel occurrence; and (3) use predicted occupancy across a range of taxa to identify freshwater mussel biodiversity hotspots to guide conservation and management. In the Pánuco River Basin, we modeled the distributions of 11 freshwater mussel species using an ensemble approach, wherein multiple SDM methodologies were combined to create a single ensemble map of predicted occupancy. A total of 621 species‐specific observations at 87 sites were used to create species‐specific ensembles. These predictive species ensembles were then combined to create local diversity hotspot maps. Precipitation during the warmest quarter, elevation, and mean temperature were consistently the most important discriminatory environmental variables among species, whereas land use had limited influence across all taxa. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first freshwater mussel‐focused research to use an ensemble approach to determine species distribution and predict biodiversity hotspots. Our study can be used to guide not only current conservation efforts but also prioritize areas for future conservation and study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deep neural network model for the short term prediction of ozone, 10 μm particulate matter, and 2.5 μm particulate matter concentrations in a major northwestern metropolitan area of México is developed. In order to formulate such a model, the data available from the local air quality automatic network monitoring system are used for training, validation, and testing purposes. Such time series data are incomplete and a procedure of missing data imputation is carried out. The model predicts with high accuracy the concentration of the target pollutants, and the training procedure, performance metrics, and tools used are discussed in this work. Such a model can be deployed for the implementation and evaluation of public politics for improving population health, and reducing the potential negative impacts of harmful pollutants by issuing early warnings on dangerous pollution levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]