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Objective: To evaluate the shade matching ability of a novel supra‐nano filled esthetic resin composite employing structural color technology using simplified simulated clinical cavities. Filler morphology and light transmittance characteristics were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: One‐hundred and twenty frames of resin composite were built in A1, A2, A3, and A4 shades to simulate Class I cavities (diameter = 4 mm, height = 2 mm). For each shaded frame, cavities were filled with three different types of filler containing resin composites (n = 10): supra‐nano filled (SN filled) resin composite, microhybrid filled (MH filled) resin composite, and clustered‐nano filled (CN filled) resin composite. Color parameters were calculated using CIELAB (△Eab) and CIEDE2000 (△E00). Data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's test (α =.05). Filler morphology and light transmittance characteristics were measured to explore the role of structural color on shade matching. Results: △Eab and △E00 of SN filled resin composite were significantly lower in A2, A3, and A4 shades (P <.05). Conclusions: The SN filled resin composite showed better shade matching with A2, A3, and A4 shades of resin composite frames compared to MH filled resin composite, and CN filled resin composite. Clinical Significance: Universal‐shade resin composites, which were expected to match nearly all shades, simplify the restorative procedure. Resin composite, which contained spherical supra‐nano filler particles, could contribute most to its shade matching by stimulating structural color. Structural color technology may provide additional benefits for shade matching of resin composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]