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Cavalli wrote of the need to create a "maternal matrix" (what Botella and Botella [[1]] call figurability) in which the patient's early trauma can be recovered and the split-off part can be integrated (p. 106). It opens with a paper about her work by Warren Colman who pays tribute to Cavalli's "radical courage and depth of engagement" (p. 4). (Williams, [2], p. 194) This book is a collection of 11 clinical papers by the gifted child- and adult-trained Jungian analyst Alessandra Cavalli. [Extracted from the article]

This paper defends the view that the limits of compromise are identical with the moral principles that set limits to human action more generally. Moral principles that prohibit lying, stealing, or killing, for example, sometimes make it morally impermissible to accept a compromise proposal, for the simple reason that the proposal involves an act of lying, killing, or stealing. The same holds for any other moral principle that sets limits to human action. This may sound straightforward and, perhaps, trivial. Yet in the philosophical literature, discussions of the limits of compromise have singled out more specific principles: Avishai Margalit proposes that the limits of compromise are set by the value of humanity, Simon May points at racial equality and more generally democratic legitimacy, Alexander Ruser and Amanda Machin appeal to the value of integrity, and a fourth at least initially plausible account invokes the idea of public justifiability. After discussing in greater detail what an account of the limits of compromise may be expected to do, the paper will show that none of these accounts is convincing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to contest automated decisions as provided by Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a due process provision with concrete transparency implications. Based on this, the paper in hand aims, first, to provide an interpretation of Art 22 and the right to contest (as the key provision in determining the contours of transparency in relation to automated decisions under the GDPR); second, to provide a systematic account of possible administrative, procedural, and technical mechanisms (transparency measures) that could be deployed for the purpose contesting automated decisions; and third, to examine the compatibility of these mechanisms with the GDPR. Following the introduction, Part II starts with an analysis of the newly enacted right to contest solely automated decisions as provided under Article 22 of the GDPR. This part identifies the right to contest in Article 22 as the core remedy, with inherent transparency requirements which are foundational for due process. Setting the right to contest as the backbone of protection against the adverse effects of solely automated decisions, Part III focuses on certain key points and provisions under the GDPR, which are described as the 1st layer (human‐intelligible) transparency. This part explores to what extent "information and access" rights (Articles 13, 14, and 15) could satisfy the transparency requirements for the purposes of contestation as explained in Part II. Next, Part IV briefly identifies the limits of 1st layer transparency – explaining how technical complexity together with competition and integrity‐related concerns render human‐level transparency either infeasible or legally impossible. In what follows, Part V conceptualizes a 2nd layer of transparency which consists of further administrative, procedural, and technical measures (i.e., design choices facilitating interpretability, institutional oversight, and algorithmic scrutiny). Finally, Part VI identifies four regulatory options, combining 1st and 2nd layer transparency measures to implement Article 22. The primary aim of the paper is to provide a systematic interpretation of Article 22 and examine how "the right to contest solely automated decisions" could help give meaning to the overall transparency provisions of the GDPR. With a view to transcend the current debates about the existence of a so‐called right to an explanation, the paper develops an interdisciplinary approach, focusing on the specific transparency implications of the "right to contest" as a remedy of procedural nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The onset of the coronavirus pandemic forced schools and universities across the nation and world to close and move to distance learning rather immediately. Almost two years later, colleges and universities have reopened, and most students have returned to campuses, but distance learning still occurs at a much higher rate than before the beginning of the pandemic. A few preliminary studies have shown that online assessment results are similar to in‐person assessment results. However, as colleges and universities have expanded their online options, new issues have arisen related to best practices, equity, fairness, test security, and test integrity. Paper‐and‐pencil assessments should not merely be moved to online assessments without careful consideration to how this administration change affects all students. With the switch to more online assessments, educators and researchers should thoroughly evaluate how to provide these assessments in the most secure, fair, and valid manner while also maintaining the test or assessment's integrity and interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of digital proliferation, individuals opt for cloud servers to store their data due to the diverse advantages they offer. However, entrusting data to cloud servers relinquishes users' control, potentially compromising data confidentiality and integrity. Traditional auditing methods designed to ensure data integrity in cloud servers typically depend on Trusted Third Party Auditors. Yet, many of these existing auditing approaches grapple with intricate certificate management and key escrow issues. Furthermore, the imminent threat of powerful quantum computers poses a risk of swiftly compromising these methods in polynomial time. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a Quantum‐based Secure Key Communication and Key Generation Scheme QSKCG for Outsourced Data in the Cloud. Leveraging Elliptic Curve Cryptography, the BB84 secure communication protocol, certificateless signature, and blockchain network, the proposed scheme is demonstrated through security analysis, affirming its robustness and high efficiency. Additionally, performance analysis underscores the practicality of the proposed scheme in achieving post‐quantum security in cloud storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anticipated political highlight in Victoria was the state election that would be held on the last Saturday of November. In the traditionally Labor electorate of Broadmeadows, for example, Labor lost 10.8 per cent of its primary vote but held the seat with a smaller, but still very strong, margin of 15 per cent. This, however, was inconsequential as Labor retained the seat once preferences were distributed; the two-party preferred vote saw Labor on 60.9 per cent and the Liberal Party on 39.1 per cent. In one opinion piece in I The Age i on 3 October, the paper's former political reporter argued that if "this were any other government it would be looking at an election defeat", as: Governments lose elections when they mess up service delivery, when they get corrupt, when they make silly mistakes and when good talent goes and doesn't get replaced. [Extracted from the article]

In post‐apartheid South Africa, migration policies and legislation have left critical issues such as social cohesion and integration unsolved. Furthermore, the inability to reconcile the national interest of maintaining borders' integrity with respecting moral and legal obligations has placed the asylum system under tremendous stress. Drawing from secondary sources, as well as qualitative interviews, this paper explores the development of new asylum policies aimed at curtailing asylum seekers' right to work in South Africa. The study's findings provide support for the conclusions of earlier research that highlights the consequences of hostile policies and practices for asylum seekers' livelihoods. The author argues that curtailments on asylum seekers' right to work will have many possible socio‐economic ramifications. In the immediate term, the legislation seeks to inhibit asylum seekers from engaging in self‐employment, while in the long run it may achieve the undesired effect of producing more precarious forms of livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sealing is a critical step in different packaging industries. In heat sealing as one of the major types of sealing processes, two layers of materials (typically thermoplastics) are joined together through the application of heat and pressure load for a certain sealing time. Due to the capabilities of the heat‐sealing process to seal different kinds and sizes of packages, it has a wide range of applications in many different industries such as the packaging of food and medical products. The quality and integrity of sealings produced by these techniques are crucial for the quality and safety of the contained materials. In this paper, different types and processes of sealing are discussed. Due to the variations in shape, size, and complexity of the sealing region, quality testing and inspection of these products is a challenging task. Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDTE) techniques can be promising tools to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, a detailed study of various types of potential defects and their generation mechanism in heat sealing is presented. Then, various types of NDTE techniques that can be potentially used for the inspection of heat‐sealing regions and their working principles, as well as their strength and weakness in sealing inspection, are debated. Finally, several cases of sealing inspection and relevant NDTE techniques that are developed as standard procedures are presented. The discussions in this study provide useful information for the selection and implementation of appropriate quality inspection and inline quality monitoring of sealing parts and processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In societies where civic space is closing, integrity in the civic sector is critical for its sustainability. Where state regulatory frameworks are inadequate, or worse, manipulative, self‐regulation can help defend the sector's integrity and strengthen the ability of civic associations to serve the public and contribute to democracy. This paper describes the strategic role in self‐regulation of a particular type of third sector actor in Mexico, the coordinating body or civic network. A case study of the Mexican Center for Philanthropy (CEMEFI) and its Accreditation in Institutionalization and Transparency project illustrates the contribution of NGO networks in service to the sector, and their key role in diffusion of norms of transparency and accountability within the civic sector and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the issue of biodiversity conservation is, more than ever before, one of primary importance since it has become common knowledge that biodiversity provides many services that are relevant to the sustaining of ecological integrity and, so, for the benefit of humanity. Within this framework, rural areas are particularly exposed to degradation threats and, therefore, biodiversity loss due to their lying between and interlinking with urban and natural areas. The European Commission underlines the relevance of this conservation in its Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, which identifies a series of needs for conserving biodiversity in Europe, among which is the need for more operational tools to support biodiversity management. This paper aims to demonstrate that a geoSpatial decision support system (S‐DSS), developed through focused interdisciplinary research and implemented over a Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure, might provide a powerful web‐based operational tool to encourage both the engagement of a large range of end‐users and stakeholders and the better implementation of the Habitats Directive as indicated by the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. The platform supports data visualization and on‐the‐fly computer applications for modeling, all via a web browser. The S‐DSS tool brings together knowledge of soil and environmental sciences, biodiversity and information technology. The S‐DSS tool is demonstrated through three use cases in the Campania region (Southern Italy) from different users' perspectives. The connection of data and model aims to provide information that will improve knowledge and awareness of biodiversity. In just a few clicks, the production of maps, results and statistics provides an overview of the biodiversity over a personalized area drawn by the user. The approach is highly transferable to other areas, from other administrative regions to the whole European territory, because it is based on general algorithms that are easily applied elsewhere, providing there is the necessary data availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a systematic mapping of objections[2] to compromises developed within the field of contemporary political theory[3] and evaluates different kinds of rebuttals to these objections. COMPROMISE AND ANTIRELATIVISM The objection The first objection considered in this typology originates from an antirelativist perspective: compromise is devalued if achieved to the detriment of principles considered good, and this "good" is "knowable, objective, rational, and essentially, at its core, universal" (Menkel-Meadow, [56], p. 3).[11] This is quite a common objection (Benditt, [7]; Kuflik, [41]) that can be presented briefly, but a strong one that deserves a detailed and differentiated discussion. 2 We refer here to Walton's ([87]) broad definition, according to which an "objection does not necessarily have to be a counterargument posed against an original argument" (p. 2). 3 Because "much of the debate over the desirability of compromise in politics is set within the context of democratic theory" (Carens, [11], p. 132), we do not discuss objections to compromises in international relations or peace-building processes, as does Margalit ([51]), for example. COMPROMISE AGAINST PLURALITY The objection The last objection we have singled out was also formulated by Ruser and Machin ([76]). The pertinence of rebuttals to objections, in the sense of Walton's ([88]) definition of a rebuttal as "an argument directed against another argument to show that the first argument is somehow defective" (p. 61), is discussed directly after the presentation of each objection to evaluate their soundness. [Extracted from the article]

Nowadays, there is contrasting evidence between the ongoing continuing and widespread environmental degradation and the many means to implement environmental sustainability actions starting from good policies (e.g. EU New Green Deal, CAP), powerful technologies (e.g. new satellites, drones, IoT sensors), large databases and large stakeholder engagement (e.g. EIP‐AGRI, living labs). Here, we argue that to tackle the above contrasting issues dealing with land degradation, it is very much required to develop and use friendly and freely available web‐based operational tools to support both the implementation of environmental and agriculture policies and enable to take positive environmental sustainability actions by all stakeholders. Our solution is the S‐DSS LANDSUPPORT platform, consisting of a free web‐based smart Geospatial CyberInfrastructure containing 15 macro‐tools (and more than 100 elementary tools), co‐designed with different types of stakeholders and their different needs, dealing with sustainability in agriculture, forestry and spatial planning. LANDSUPPORT condenses many features into one system, the main ones of which were (i) Web‐GIS facilities, connection with (ii) satellite data, (iii) Earth Critical Zone data and (iv) climate datasets including climate change and weather forecast data, (v) data cube technology enabling us to read/write when dealing with very large datasets (e.g. daily climatic data obtained in real time for any region in Europe), (vi) a large set of static and dynamic modelling engines (e.g. crop growth, water balance, rural integrity, etc.) allowing uncertainty analysis and what if modelling and (vii) HPC (both CPU and GPU) to run simulation modelling 'on‐the‐fly' in real time. Two case studies (a third case is reported in the Supplementary materials), with their results and stats, covering different regions and spatial extents and using three distinct operational tools all connected to lower land degradation processes (Crop growth, Machine Learning Forest Simulator and GeOC), are featured in this paper to highlight the platform's functioning. Landsupport is used by a large community of stakeholders and will remain operational, open and free long after the project ends. This position is rooted in the evidence showing that we need to leave these tools as open as possible and engage as much as possible with a large community of users to protect soils and land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a reflection by Timothy R. Elliott, the outgoing editor of the Journal of Clinical Psychology (JCLP), on his experiences and observations during his twelve-year tenure. The article discusses the goals of the journal, such as promoting innovative studies and addressing understudied issues in the field. It also highlights the activities and accomplishments of the editorial team, including the number of submissions and rejection rates, special issues published, and frequently cited papers. The document further discusses the clinical efficacy of attentional bias modification procedures and the impact factor of JCLP, which has attracted international authors. Challenges faced during the editor's term include difficulties in finding reviewers for certain topics and the decline in colleagues willing to review manuscripts. The article also addresses research ethics and integrity, emphasizing the importance of open science and transparency, and highlights the challenges faced by professional psychology in the current socio-political climate. [Extracted from the article]

The Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT‐A) indirectly measures the implicit motive to aggress by engaging respondents in inductive reasoning tasks. Most research involving the CRT‐A has been based on the original English version of the test with most data being collected in the United States. The purpose of the current paper is to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of this test and to examine if it could be used to predict measures of integrity. In the first of two studies, we evaluated the psychometric properties and measurement equivalence of the CRT‐A across US and Dutch samples. In the second study, we examined validity evidence for the Dutch version of the CRT‐A. Results from Study 1 indicated that the test was mostly equivalent across cultures (i.e. limited differential item functioning was detected). Results from Study 2 demonstrated that the Dutch version of the CRT‐A was correlated with measures of behavioral integrity and provided incremental prediction of integrity over and above traditional self‐report measures of explicit personality traits. We discuss the implications for using CRTs across different cultures and languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's preferences influence national priorities for economic development and ecological integrity. Often policymakers and development agents base their actions on unclear assumptions about such preferences. This paper explores rural citizens' preferences for economic and ecological development outcomes and how they differ within and between communities. We collected data from three purposely selected communities representing dominant social‐ecological systems in the transboundary Cubango‐Okavango River basin in southern Africa. We used contingent ranking survey experiments, which are a novel methodological advance in policy related research. This included a qualitative experimental design process that provided a broad framing underpinning the research. The contingent ranking itself allowed us to simultaneously assess: (i) respondents' priorities for development domains; and (ii) respondents' preferences for the ordering of outcomes in diverse domains. We found relatively strong preference homogeneity within and between communities. Economic development was given high priority across all communities. At the same time, all communities expressed a high preference for a healthy river system providing stable water quality and quantity. This does not mean that our respondents prioritised nature conservation. They showed low preferences for preserving biodiversity and forests that provide fewer local benefits. This is of high governance relevance. The results point at development domains where policymakers can most likely expect stronger buy‐in from citizens. Understanding citizens' preferences help to better align national development priorities with what citizens want. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I explore some surprising results concerning positive individual contributions, focusing on those made in one's job or in the position one holds. The replaceability of most people on the job or in positions of influence threatens our common sense notion of contribution. Two concepts of contribution are distinguished, and help to limit the sense of paradox, but do not completely eliminate it. The ideal of making a contribution that would not be done were one not to do it is seen as both highly threatening and potentially very important for acquiring meaning in one's life. Finally, some hazards of our conclusions are seen to lead to thoughts about the dangers of open disclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few reviews on procedural fidelity—the degree to which procedures are implemented as designed—provide details to gauge the quality of fidelity reporting in behavior‐analytic research. This review focused on experiments in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (2006–2021) with "integrity" or "fidelity" in the abstract or body. When fidelity data were collected, the coders characterized measurement details (e.g., description of calculation, report of single or multiple values, frequency of fidelity checks, checklist use). The researchers found increasing trends in describing the calculation(s), reporting multiple values, and stating the frequency of measurement. Few studies described using a checklist. Most studies reported fidelity as a percentage, with high obtained values (M = 97%). When not collecting fidelity data was stated as a limitation, authors were unlikely to provide a rationale for the omission. We discuss recommendations for reporting procedural fidelity to increase the quality of and transparency in behavior‐analytic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is widely regarded as being foundational in workplace relationships. The violation of interpersonal trust results in a range of negative affective, cognitive and behavioural consequences for the injured party. However, research has yet to isolate the specific neural areas and processes activated when different types of interpersonal trust are breached. Using electroencephalogram with 68 participants, we identified the effects of three distinct types of trust violations—ability violation, integrity violation and benevolence violations—on electrical brain activity. Our findings indicate that trust violations are processed in social cognitive‐related brain areas. Specifically, our results identify the significance of the default mode network (DMN), relevant to the processing of social information, in trust violation and further isolated distinct activity for ability, integrity and benevolence trust violation, with integrity violations demonstrating the greatest reaction in the DMN. Benevolence violations generated the next greatest reaction but were not significantly different from the ability violations. This potential distinction may be worth further investigation in future research. Our findings highlight the potential importance of the DMN in processing cues regarding the trustworthiness of others and the distinctiveness of the processing of violation cues of the three facets of trustworthiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The urgent demand for high‐energy‐density storage systems evokes the research upsurge on the alkali metal batteries with high theoretical capacities. However, the utilization of alkali metal anodes, including Li, Na, and K, is significantly hindered by notorious dendrite growth, undesirable corrosion, and unstable solid electrolyte interface. In order to resolve these issues, the carbon materials for the rational design of current collector/host that can regulate the plating/stripping behavior of alkali metal have been exploited. These carbon‐based current collectors/hosts are featured with many pivotal advantages, including mechanical integrity to accommodate the volume change, superior electronic/ionic conductivity, large available surface area, and rich functionalization chemistries to increase the affinity to alkali metal. In this review, the recent progress on various dimensional carbon‐based current collectors/hosts with different chemical components in stabilizing the alkali metal anodes through the regulation of initial deposition and subsequent growth behavior during plating/stripping process is provided. The nanostructured carbon scaffolds with self‐affinity to alkali metals, as well as the carbon frameworks with internal/external affinitive sites to alkali metals, catalogued by various dimensions, are discussed in this review. Therefore, these appealing strategies based on the carbon‐based current collectors/hosts can provide a paradigm for the realization of high‐energy‐density alkali metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating planetary crises of human‐induced climate change, the depletion of natural resources, and declining biodiversity call for urgent actions to be taken at all levels of society and by the global community. The current political strategy for a sustainable future that emphasizes economic and technological progress is insufficient to bring about the change required; an educational approach based on identities, values, ethics, and new worldviews is also needed. In this article Arto O. Salonen and his coauthors consider the kind of pedagogy that could support a transformation of the human conception of reality into a form that both recognizes the connections and interactions between people, society, and the planet, and imparts an ethical orientation to action that strengthens the health and integrity of all entities. A theory of planetary social pedagogy (PSP) is based on traditional social pedagogy, which provides a theoretical framework for formal, nonformal, and informal education. PSP aims at building a deep holistic understanding of the relationship between the individual, society, and Earth by integrating the fragmented human conception and experience of reality by uniting the three dimensions of a social‐ecological worldview: spatial, temporal, and ethical. Moreover, PSP is a cyclical learning process that alternates between cognitive, metacognitive, and epistemic levels of learning. The ultimate goal of using PSP is to lay the foundation for a fundamental transformation of the ideals, values, and culture that shape human behavior in ways necessary for securing a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem here is how to strike the right balance between governments' interest in preventing/prosecuting crime and that of the protesters in exercising their constitutional rights. CONTEXTUAL INTEGRITY In their much-quoted piece, Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis argued that privacy was better understood (and legally protected) as "a more general right of the individual to be left alone ... of an inviolate personality" (1890-1891, p. 205), a right "as against the world" (Warren & Brandeis, [63], p.213). The right to protest is regularly built upon a cluster of foundational rights, most notably freedom of expression and of assembly - without them, there can be no right to protest. Face-veil bans and anti-masks laws: State interest and the right to cover the face. As in other cases, courts were called upon to protect the rights involved and initially sided with the authority. [Extracted from the article]

The present study aims to design a model course on Information Literacy (IL) and Research Ethics (RE) for university curricula and examine the role of this course in university ranking. The study followed a mixed approach to collect required data for designing the course. First, research students' responses regarding IL and RE were collected using a structured questionnaire. Then, responses regarding students' ethical practices were collected from the heads of departments of a university. The Director of the Institutional Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) of the university was also consulted for his opinions regarding the design of a model course on IL and RE for university curriculum. A total of 142 research students responded to the survey. Results showed that most of the students are unfamiliar with different ethical terms except plagiarism (71.8%). Similarly, departments' heads think that their students are mostly unfamiliar with the terms like intellectual property, paraphrasing and fair use; and inefficient in evaluating information source, ethically using that information and disseminating it through proper channels. Only 23% of students maintained ethics while conducting research works, which sometimes led them into violation of academic integrity. Considering these issues and consulting with IQAC, a course has been designed which might be incorporated in the university curriculum. This is the first initiative in Bangladesh where a model course has been designed and it has been shown how this course can play a vital role in ensuring quality education and influencing university ranking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing the special section on "arms export controls during war and armed conflict" Major arms exporters vary in the form and content of their formal policies regarding arms exports. Some existing trends and historical patterns - such as US dominance of the arms market, the growth of Chinese arms exports, growing arms production by other non-western states, and increased security and •military relations between Israel and the Gulf states - may be entrenched, while others - Russia's role as a major arms exporter, for example - may be challenged. The war in Ukraine has brought questions of arms exports, military aid and military spending to the forefront of western foreign policy agendas. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides information on the corporate culture, discussing its importance and the mechanisms underlying its creation and effectiveness. It explores topics such as the impact of culture on business performance; ways to measure culture; and the factors that hinder or enhance a firm's culture.

At this moment, it is critical for the field of forensic anthropology and the AAFS to encourage antiracism and activism in order to actually foster integrity, ensure a socially responsible science, and recruit and retain those with diverse perspectives and lived experiences. Keywords: antiracism; diversity; inclusion; equity; scientific objectivity; forensic anthropology EN antiracism diversity inclusion equity scientific objectivity forensic anthropology 575 579 5 08/18/22 20220901 NES 220901 INTRODUCTION Recent and ongoing brutalities have highlighted the systemic injustices levied against Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) individuals and stimulated discussions within academia and professional organizations about their role in fostering antiracism and diversity. This is particularly true for the field of forensic anthropology and the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) - a white-led and white-majority professional flagship forensic science organization with eleven distinct disciplines, including anthropology - whose practitioners intersect with law enforcement and the criminal justice system. [Extracted from the article]

It is important for the public, for test takers, for institutional score users, and for the testing industry itself that tests measure fairly what they purport to measure and that reasonable observers can regard the tests as fair. We note that the security issue involves not only psychometric analysis but also human monitoring of institutional complaints concerning unreasonable test scores relative to the observed performance of the test taker at the institution and monitoring of social media and publications to find advertising of inappropriate testing assistance and user accounts of their behavior while testing. Although the basic picture is unlikely to change, especially for the case where the reported correlation between first time test score and repeat test core is.06 across modes, the presentation of results would benefit from the addition of an adjustment for range restriction in the first test score. If testing in a test center is to be equivalent to testing with online proctoring to the extent that test results are scored in exactly the same way and a consequential pass-fail decision is to be made, then a very high standard is required. [Extracted from the article]

Integrating the demands raised by those most affected by poverty into international campaigns is important for safeguarding ethical integrity and encouraging mobilization. This article examines the case of the international non‐governmental organization (INGO) ActionAid, which managed, although not without challenges, to integrate the tax complaints of market traders — such as multiple taxation — into its international tax justice campaign in Nigeria. The case provides an example of an INGO‐driven campaign that created and nurtured bottom‐up processes. The author argues that more could have been done to channel additional claims from traders — such as steep tax increases and tax harassment — and to support their actions, their visits and letters to the government, and their tax strikes. Overall, however, the INGO retained relevance by identifying campaign frames and targets at local, national and international levels while ensuring the campaign remained unified. The article contributes to debates about tokenism in international advocacy and argues that the use of social movement theory enriches the international advocacy literature as it promotes an understanding of campaigning processes. However, social movement theory still proves insufficient to fully understand political voice. Theories about hidden forms of resistance play a complementary role, unveiling more concealed political action, especially in repressive settings or contexts with weak civil societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By comparing amplitude scintillation index S4 from scintillation receivers and Rate of change of Total electron content Index (ROTI) from nearby geodetic receivers in low latitude region of China during year 2015, this work summarized the limitations of ROTI in indicating ionospheric scintillation and quantitatively evaluated the performance/reliability of ROTI in monitoring ionospheric scintillation in low latitude region. The results indicate that the correlation between ROTI and S4 is lower (higher) when scintillation occurs at lower (higher) satellite elevation angle. Erroneous cycle slips and longer ROTI calculation time interval degrade the integrity of ROTI calculated from 30‐s sampling interval data (abbreviated as 30s‐ROTI). ROTI calculated from 1‐s sampling interval data (abbreviated as 1s‐ROTI) has better integrity (90%) than that of 30s‐ROTI (60%). In addition, we propose a reasonable threshold of 0.25 m for cycle slip detection for the 30‐s cadence observation data to avoid misjudging a large ionospheric variation as a cycle slip and further improve on the integrity of 30s‐ROTI. The deviation of ROTI from S4 decreases the reliability of ROTI in indicating the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation as well as the correlation between ROTI and S4. The reliability of ROTI in indicating the occurrence of scintillation can reach 80% and 88% for 30s ROTI and 1s‐ROTI, respectively. The deviation causes 60% of the correlations between 30s‐ROTI and S4 drop by 0.15 ∼ 0.2 and causes more than 66% of the correlations between 1s‐ROTI and S4 drop by 0.15 ∼ 0.2. These results establish an important reference concerning the reliability of ROTI in indicating the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation. Plain Language Summary: The correlation between Rate of change of Total electron content Index (ROTI) and S4 is dependent on the satellite elevation angle where scintillation occurs. The integrity of ROTI derived from low sampling rate data is lower than that of ROTI derived from high sampling rate data by about 30% due to erroneous cycle slips and longer ROTI calculation time interval. A reasonable threshold of 0.25 m for cycle slip detection is proposed to avoid the erroneous cycle slips on low sampling rate data. The reliability of ROTI obtained from low and high sampling rate data in response to ionospheric scintillation may be as high as 80% and 88%, respectively. Key Points: Limitations of Rate of change of Total electron content Index (ROTI) in indicating the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation are summarized and performance is quantitatively evaluated for the first timeThe integrity of ROTI derived from different sampling rates data is compared. A reasonable threshold of 0.25 m for cycle slip detection of 30s sampling interval data is proposedReliability of ROTI obtained from different sampling rates data in response to ionospheric scintillation is presented. Correlation is compared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dexter ([2]: 152-3) records the pressure on Jeremy, and indicates that he opposed Jeremy being made available to the Crown Solicitor's Office but in the end to no avail. Jeremy Phillip Merrick Long died on the 9th September 2021 aged eighty-nine after a professional life spent with the Commonwealth public service working in Aboriginal affairs.[1] Nobody, Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal, who has risen to senior levels in the administration of Aboriginal affairs, has had a wider, richer or more appropriate experience of the complexities faced in this area of public administration or a more comprehensive awareness of the full diversity of Aboriginal life-circumstances across the nation. When Jeremy moved to Canberra he joined Nugget Coombs, W.E.H. Stanner, Barrie Dexter, and Charles Perkins then working as a researcher, in the Office for Aboriginal Affairs in 1969, as head of the research section. I am quite sure that this does not exhaust areas in which he had a key influence in Aboriginal affairs policy and they would have been even greater had the Fraser government followed Dexter's recommendation that Jeremy replace him as Secretary of the Department (2015:472). [Extracted from the article]

With the proliferation of private regulation of food safety, governments have shown interests in engaging private schemes as co‐regulators. This raises the issue of accountability in private schemes; that is holding the bodies auditing the standards accountable. The ability to do so affects the integrity of private regulatory schemes. Holding auditors accountable can be conceived of as a principal–agent problem. This article analyses the two most widely used global private food safety standard schemes in the Australian food sector. The analysis shows that the existence of well‐developed accountability mechanisms and multiple principals has resulted in a multi‐layered and comprehensive system of accountability. Hence, holding auditors accountable to their principals does not appear to be a concern for governments considering to engage in co‐regulatory arrangements with private schemes. However, concerns about integrity have been raised. The prescriptive nature of the standards and the multitude of standard schemes with their own accountability arrangements has brought about a situation in which the individual auditors have to devote disproportionately much time to respond to the accountability mechanisms. Private regulation has proliferated in the food sector in order to manage food safety. Holding auditors accountable within the private standard schemes is important for their integrity. The article shows that the existence of multiple principals has resulted in a comprehensive system of multiple accountability, but some integrity issues remain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological integrity has been criticized as a "bad fit as a value" for conservation biology and restoration ecology. But work over the past four decades centered on ecological integrity—especially biological integrity—has given rise to effective methods for biological monitoring and assessment to better understand the disintegration of living systems, including under scenarios of rapid climate change. Revealing when and where living systems have been altered by human activity, such methods have been adapted and applied most comprehensively in streams and rivers, but also in other ecosystems, ranging from tropical forests to marine coral reefs and on all continents except Antarctica. Equally important, restoration and maintenance of biological integrity is already a fundamental goal in law and offers an inspiring framework for communication and engagement—among scientists, resource managers, law‐ and policymakers, and the public. This essay builds the case that ecological integrity has proved both real and valuable as a conservation paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigate how beliefs about scientists and presidents affect views about two pandemics, Zika virus (2016) and COVID‐19 (2020). Methods: Three New Hampshire surveys in 2016 and 2020 provide data to test how beliefs about scientists' practices and presidential approval relate to pandemic views. Results: Support for presidents consistently predicts perceptions of scientists' integrity and trust in science agencies for information, but the directionality changes from 2016 to 2020—increased trust among Obama‐supporters; decreased trust among Trump‐supporters. Respondents who believe scientists lack objectivity are also less likely to trust science agencies during both Zika and COVID‐19 and are less apt to be confident in the government's response in 2016. Assessments of pandemic responses become increasingly political during 2020; most notably, support for President Trump strongly predicts confidence in the government's efforts. Conclusion: Results highlight how beliefs about scientists' practices and presidents are central to the science–politics nexus during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates whether the methods by which states implement citizens' human rights possess serious weaknesses for ensuring migrant health professionals' rights. Stemming from the discipline of normative philosophy, the moral approach to human rights sees rights as implemented through multiple waves of duties delivered by state‐managed integrity systems. We argue that this otherwise comparatively reliable method can fail to deliver adequate outcomes to migrant health professionals. These professionals can encounter problems stemming from the following: their lack of political priority as non‐citizens; the challenges to effective monitoring of migrant health professional pathways and outcomes; the incapacity of federal lawmakers to impact on key policy levers; the ever‐present threat of "pathways to nowhere"; and state‐enabled employee exploitation. The findings provide a philosophically grounded foundation for acknowledging the human rights concerns of even high‐skilled migrants, and show why special regimes for rights protection, facilitation and monitoring are necessary for migrant health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students and observers of electoral malfeasance in contemporary emerging democracies are often blissfully unaware that electoral corruption was as widespread in the democracies of 19th-century Europe. Resource-endowed politicians facing the highest economic and electoral costs associated with the continued use of an illicit campaign strategy are, therefore, the pivotal legislators enabling electoral reform. Depending on the initial resource distribution and the extent of rising economic and electoral costs, a legislative majority supporting a specific electoral reform emerges if a group of resource-endowed politicians reconsiders the attractiveness of the status quo. [Extracted from the article]