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While bibliographic classifications are traditionally based on disciplines, the logical alternative is phenomenon‐based classification. Although not prevalent, this approach has been explored in the 20th century by J.D. Brown, the Classification Research Group, and others. Its principles have been stated in the León Manifesto (2007) and are currently represented by such general schemes as the Basic Concepts Classification and the Integrative Levels Classification. A phenomenon‐based classification lists classes of phenomena, including things and processes irrespective of the discipline studying them (which can optionally be specified as an additional facet). Facets can work in a phenomenon‐based system much as in a disciplinary one. This kind of system will promote the identification of potential relationships between research in different disciplines, and will especially benefit interdisciplinary work. The paper reviews the theory, history, structure, advantages, applications, and evaluation of phenomenon‐based classification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Text comprehension research in relation to the reading medium showed that digital‐based reading represents a disadvantage compared with paper‐based reading. Most paper versus screen research; however, was conducted with university students. Objectives: This study investigated the contribution of reading medium to text comprehension and medium preference in beginner readers who use technology for school learning. The moderating role of text genre, word reading and medium preference on the reading medium effect on text comprehension was also analysed. Methods: First graders (N = 115; mean age = 6;8 years) read narrative and informational linear texts on paper and computer screen and answered main idea, literal and inferential comprehension questions. Medium preference questions and a word reading task were administered. Results and Conclusions: Logistic mixed models showed that the main idea and literal comprehension of narrative and informational linear texts were greater on screen and for higher word reading skills. Inferential comprehension was lower on screen at lower levels of word reading skills but became similar for the two media as word reading increased. Children had no clear medium preference and medium effect on text comprehension was independent of children's medium preference. The main results show that beginner readers who use technology for learning and are fast and accurate in word reading display no comprehension disadvantage in digital reading. Takeaways: Our results add to existing knowledge by clarifying how reading medium effects on beginner readers' text comprehension interact with factors such as fundamental reading skills and experience with technology. Lay Description: What is currently know about the subject matter: • Comprehension of informational texts is better on paper than on screen • Text comprehension is better on paper than on screen for independent readers from 4th grade onwards, even for those who prefer to read digitally. • Lower text comprehension on screen is related to shallow reading processing and navigation requirements of digital texts. • Shallow reading processing is related to the use of digital media for leisure. What the paper adds: • Comprehension of narrative and informational texts on screen is not disadvantaged in beginner readers who often use technology for school activities. • Word reading has a stronger role on inferential comprehension of digital texts with navigation requirements. • Word reading stronger role results in a screen comprehension disadvantage at lower levels of word reading skills. • Children have no clear medium preference and text comprehension on paper vs screen was independent of children's medium preference Implications of study findings for practitioners: • The use of technology for school activities may encourage deep text processing on screen. • Care should be taken when very young students with low reading skills are required to understand digital texts with navigation requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on nurse scientists understanding and supporting the importance of interdisciplinary research. Topics include knowledge of other disciplines having the expertise needed for answering increasingly complex questions about health and illness; and nursing science being built on a strong foundation of knowing being necessary for improving nursing practice.

It is a matter of debate whether the discipline independence in discipline formation narrows its interdisciplinarity. It is also less well understood how disruptive works emerge in investigative practice rather than a theory‐driven approach. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is an atypical photophysical phenomenon, in which the whole (aggregate) is brighter than the sum of its parts (single molecule). Through measuring and computing the cognitive extent and evolution of research on AIE, including topics, epistemic‐social collaborative networks, interdisciplinarity, emergent concepts, core concept networks and knowledge flow, this study shows that a cross‐research scales concept and its practice can establish new bridges in the sciences and promote disruptive work. Focusing on mesoscale entities, scientists from many different branches of science are involved in theoretical research on mechanisms, as well as developing different AIE systems for applications. The data analysis in this study provides details showing how non‐reductionist concepts based on new scientific discoveries cross traditional disciplinary boundaries and aggregate interdisciplinary research. The emergence and evolution of the AIE field implies that scientists may be motivated to embrace nonreductionist ideas at different research scales, leading to a more permeable field boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Methods & Procedures Outcomes & Results Conclusions & Implications WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject What this paper adds to existing knowledge What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Persons with aphasia (PWA) experience a number of communicative and social‐emotional challenges. Reported experiences of PWA include but are not limited to, being misunderstood, isolated, frustrated, and infantilised.The aim of this pilot study, involving a Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA), conducted over the course of 2 years, was to understand community perceptions of aphasia while PWA engaged in an interprofessional treatment program involving speech and drama therapy.The interprofessional treatment program involved PWA participating in a therapeutic theatre program using the CoActive Therapeutic Theater (CoATT) while also receiving speech‐language therapy. Each year, the PWA performed a different, original therapeutic theatre production for a public audience, at the culmination of their interprofessional treatment program. In this paper, we share data obtained from perspectives of audience members who witnessed the theatre production and aphasia education during the first year of the study and friends and family of PWA who participated in the therapeutic theatre process during the second year of the study.Responses from audience members who participated in aphasia education and witnessed the therapeutic theatre performance by the PWA during the first year, indicated an increased knowledge of aphasia. Friends and family members of PWA who witnessed their loved ones engaging in the CoATT process through interprofessional treatment, in the second year, reported that their loved ones benefited from the CoATT process, which was distinct from other therapeutic processes to their knowledge and that they were impacted by watching their loved one perform.These initial findings create footing towards understanding impact of therapeutic theatre in combination with speech‐language therapy in the lives of PWA. They help us to obtain an initial appreciation of how therapeutic theatre and aphasia education help connect PWA and their community. Caregivers and communities at large play a significant role in and substantially impact the recovery of their loved ones (Dalemans et al., 2010; Grawburget et al., 2013; Kniepmann & Cupler, 2014) with aphasia. However, existing research suggests that persons with aphasia (PWA) are often misunderstood, isolated and infantilised by their communities. The findings of our study reveal that friends, families and extended communities of PWA gain a positive and deep understanding of challenges experienced by PWA through therapeutic theatre supported by speech language therapy, based in a new CoActive Therapeutic Theatre (CoATT) model. This PWA community also agrees that therapeutic theatre in combination with speech‐language therapy provides confidence and camaraderie between PWAs and strengthen connection between all constituencies. These results support the need for interprofessional intervention within the framework of a Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA). Treatment paradigms that bring PWAs in contact with their communities using an LPAA approach can increase confidence and social engagement for PWAs potentially leading to better outcomes for their individual speech‐language therapy as well as create means of educating communities about PWA, and their stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living labs are interdisciplinary and participatory initiatives aimed at bringing research closer to practice by involving stakeholders in all stages of research. Living labs align with the principles of participatory research methods as well as recent insights about how participatory ways of generating knowledge help to change practices in concrete settings with respect to specific problems. The participatory, open, and discussion‐oriented nature of living labs could be ideally suited to accompany ethical reflection and changes ensuing from reflection. To our knowledge, living labs have not been explicitly trialed and reported in ethics literature. In this discussion paper, we report and discuss four initial issues that marked the process of setting up a living lab in ethics: (1) determining the goals and expected outcomes of an ethics living lab; (2) establishing operational procedures; (3) selecting communities and defining pilot projects; and (4) adopting a lens to tackle emerging questions and challenges. We explain these four issues and present the paths taken based on the novel and specific orientation, that is, living ethics, at the basis of this project. In alignment with living ethics and É‐LABO, we approach challenges as learning opportunities to ask not only "how" questions but also "why" questions. We hope that this discussion paper informed by our experience helps to clarify the theoretical, methodological, and practical approaches necessary to successfully adopt and employ living labs in ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the global energy crisis and environmental pollution coexist, and the demand for sustainable clean energy has been highly concerned. Bioelectrocatalysis that combines the benefits of biocatalysis and electrocatalysis produces high‐value chemicals, clean biofuel, and biodegradable new materials. It has been applied in biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioelectrosynthesis. However, there are certain flaws in the application process of bioelectrocatalysis, such as low accuracy/efficiency, poor stability, and limited experimental conditions. These issues can possibly be solved using machine learning (ML) in recent reports although the combination of them is still not mature. To summarize the progress of ML in bioelectrocatalysis, this paper first introduces the modeling process of ML, then focuses on the reports of ML in bioelectrocatalysis, and ultimately makes a summary and outlook about current issues and future directions. It is believed that there is plenty of scope for this interdisciplinary research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that there is a requirement to connect project management (PM) with innovation and sustainability to address new societal needs. Societal demands have facilitated further complexity and uncertainty within the PM discipline and have led to both theoretical and practical evolutions. Key evolutions are identified, which suggests that PM is becoming more holistic and interdisciplinary in nature so it can successfully deal with this complexity and uncertainty. Furthermore, holistic thinking naturally connects with systemic thinking, which justifies the selection of system dynamics (SD) to support PM decision‐making. An extensive critical review of SD modelling with respect to identified evolutions within the PM discipline is undertaken. The contribution of this paper connects innovation and sustainability to the PM discipline by the initial development of a causal loop diagram (CLD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex societal challenges call for solutions that require innovative thinking and new ways of problem‐solving that creatively combine knowledge from multiple disciplines. It is imperative that applied economists engage in interdisciplinary research and apply systems thinking and analytical approaches to analyzing trade‐offs and behavioral drivers of human choices to design strategies to achieve societal goals. Agricultural and applied economics have a foundation in interdisciplinary research, real‐world problem solving and engagement with stakeholders, but face increasing pressures for specialization. This address discusses strategies for conducting interdisciplinary research that rely on T‐shaped research skills, team science and aggregating expertise from different disciplines to co‐develop solutions to challenging societal problems. It provides some examples of ground‐breaking research that has emerged in applied economics due to the collaborations with and insights provided by scholars from other disciplines. The paper concludes with a discussion of the institutional and discipline‐related challenges to conducting interdisciplinary research and a call to the profession to foster, recognize and value interdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of publishing research papers first in preprint form are substantial and long‐lasting also in chemistry. Recounting the outcomes of our team's nearly six‐year journey through preprint publishing, we show evidence that preprinting research substantially benefits both early career and senior researchers in today's highly interdisciplinary chemical research. These findings are of general value, as shown by analyzing the case of four more research teams based in economically developed and developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the special issue 'Towards a Social Psychology of Precarity' that develops an orienting lens for social psychologists' engagement with the concept. As guest editors of the special issue, we provide a thematic overview of how 'precarity' is being conceptualized throughout the social sciences, before distilling the nine contributions to the special issue. In so doing, we trace the ways in which social psychologists are (dis)engaging with the concept of precarity, yet too, explore how precarity constitutes, and is embedded within, the discipline itself. Resisting disciplinary decadence, we collectively explore what a social psychology of precarity could be, and view working with/in precarity as fundamental to addressing broader calls for the social responsiveness of the discipline. The contributing papers, which are methodologically pluralistic and provide rich conceptualisations of precarity, challenge reductionist individualist understandings of suffering and coping and extend social science theorizations on precarity. They also highlight the ways in which social psychology remains complicit in perpetuating different forms of precarity, for both communities and academics. We propose future directions for the social psychological study of precarity through four reflexive questions that we encourage scholars to engage with so that we may both work with/in, and intervene against, 'the precarious'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on disseminating work funded under the UK research councils' Diet Research and Industry Club (DRINC). Topics include ensuring the transfer of knowledge between the science base and industry through the support of effective networking between the academic groups and companies involved in DRINC; and working in food businesses having the opportunity to forge research collaborations with leading UK academics in the field of food, nutrition and health.

The Challenge: Despite an increase in research surrounding digital games and L2 learning, our understanding remains limited. This paper attempts to answer some key questions such as—What are the dynamics of linguistic interaction in massive‐multiplayer online games? How are these interactions embedded in, and shaped by, different ecological forces? How could these dynamics motivate, facilitate, or scaffold digital game‐based L2 use and practice? The L2 learning potentials of massive multiplayer online games (MMOGs) have been established in various studies; however, the fine‐grained dynamics of digital game‐based L2 learning are yet to be uncovered. A potential cause of this limitation is a limited understanding of the interconnected, situated, and dynamic nature of digital gaming as a context for L2 use and practice. To shed light on this underexplored research territory, the present study adopts a theoretical approach to conceptualizing digital gaming in MMOGs as a dynamic, multilayered context for L2 use and practice. Informed by multidisciplinary research on digital gaming, and framed in Activity Theory, this paper proposes a dynamic and ecological linguistic framework of digital gaming activities in MMOGs. The framework conceptualizes digital, game‐based L2 practice as a dynamic process of drawing on available linguistic and semiotic resources to learn a game rules and manage gameplay. The paper also applies the framework as an analytical lens to an existing study to demonstrate its merit for current and future research and discusses it implications for future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Journal of Consumer Studies (IJCS) is a distinguished 45‐year‐old peer‐reviewed international journal in the field of multidisciplinary consumer research. This paper takes stock of the work published since 1977 (n = 2088) and examines the impact of published research by applying network analysis technique using VOSviewer. In particular, it examines the overall citations received, the most cited papers and authors and their contributions to the field of consumer research. The advancement of research in the field of consumer research is discussed and directions for future research is provided to undertake novel research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing land‐use demands for agriculture and nature conservation is one of the most significant global challenges. To improve the health of landscapes, collaborative transdisciplinary solutions are required.Environmental accounting is an attractive governance approach for helping to deliver healthy future landscapes; however, the diversity of approaches to environmental accounting makes this field complex to navigate, which limits transdisciplinary collaboration and impedes implementation.We seek to address this issue by presenting a new framework to clarify environmental accounting. This framework classifies the currently disparate branches of the literature into four newly described environmental accounting types: Organisational Environmental Management Accounting, Organisational Environmental Reporting Accounting, Area Environmental Management Accounting and Area Environmental Reporting Accounting.The framework is then used to discuss, across multiple scales (organisational, ecosystem and national), existing environmental accounting tools which could assist in delivering healthy future landscapes, and areas for future research.Finally, we demonstrate the potential for environmental accounting research approaches (materiality assessment, dialogic accounting and critical accounting) to assist in defining healthy future landscapes.This paper presents the first substantial exploration of environmental accounting in the landscapes context and presents a research agenda to progress this exciting area of transdisciplinary research. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study on the state of financial research analysed the citations made in leading business and economics journals in the period 1997–2020. It found that, contrary to other business fields, and despite citing more references, finance researchers overlooked the fruitful mode of knowledge creation by integrating advances from disciplines other than economics. Additionally, citations in economics became disproportionate to older papers. Furthermore, intradisciplinary citations remained predominantly in the same four journals, although others became prominent. These findings on the state of financial research supplement other issues inhibiting finance knowledge progression and have inferences regarding the training of future scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand how and why knowledge boundaries occur, change, and evolve throughout the life‐cycle of interdisciplinary research projects, how they are experienced by different actors, and what strategies they deploy to overcome these boundaries. The study took a case study approach focusing on an interdisciplinary research project for the development of computerised tomography and digital X‐ray scanners in a governmental research organisation in Thailand. A multi‐method qualitative approach, involving semi‐structured interviews, participative observation, and artefact and document analysis, was adopted. Data was analysed through thematic analysis. The findings suggest that knowledge management is more complex and difficult than portrayed in previous studies because of the following: (1) knowledge boundaries evolve and exhibit different emphases at distinct stages of the project; (2) boundaries do not stem only from differences in knowledge across different organisational actors, but, equally importantly, due to the lack of awareness that these differences exist; (3) different organisational actors experience diverse types of knowledge boundary types when faced within the same situation; and (4) context, in terms of external pressures driving the project and influencing its direction, plays an important role in boundary construction and boundary‐spanning mechanisms. This paper presents a novel framework for conceptualising how and why knowledge boundaries evolve throughout an interdisciplinary research project, how these changes are experienced by different participating actors, and what boundary‐spanning mechanisms for bridging them are developed by them. It demonstrates that these changes are often shaped by external drivers that shape the development of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports a longitudinal analysis of the topical and methodological development of Library and Information Science (LIS). Its focus is on the effects of researchers' disciplines on these developments. The study extends an earlier cross‐sectional study (Vakkari et al., Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2022a, 73, 1706–1722) by a coordinated dataset representing a content analysis of articles published in 31 scholarly LIS journals in 1995, 2005, and 2015. It is novel in its coverage of authors' disciplines, topical and methodological aspects in a coordinated dataset spanning two decades thus allowing trend analysis. The findings include a shrinking trend in the share of LIS from 67 to 36% while Computer Science, and Business and Economics increase their share from 9 and 6% to 21 and 16%, respectively. The earlier cross‐sectional study (Vakkari et al., Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2022a, 73, 1706–1722) for the year 2015 identified three topical clusters of LIS research, focusing on topical subfields, methodologies, and contributing disciplines. Correspondence analysis confirms their existence already in 1995 and traces their development through the decades. The contributing disciplines infuse their concepts, research questions, and approaches to LIS and may also subsume vital parts of LIS in their own structures of knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Torsten Hägerstrand's career can be understood as a protracted experiment in thinking creatively about space and human–environment interactions. He continually sought to abstract – select, simplify and exclude – from the complexity of spatiotemporal processes in ways that differed from customs at a given point in time. This article argues that Hägerstrand's Diorama, Path and Project, one of TESG's most influential papers published in 1982, elaborated the diorama in English as a conceptual device to enact a different mode of abstraction in geography and interdisciplinary research. An undervalued conceptual device with which Hägerstrand was never entirely comfortable himself, the diorama is still worth engaging with at the current time of climate emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution focuses on a 1928 multiauthor paper reporting the discovery of a child's skull at Devil's Tower cave on the Rock of Gibraltar. It was ground‐breaking. Two of the lead authors, Dorothy Garrod and Dorothea Bate, were women, and it was one of the earliest reports of a fossil hominin to incorporate and integrate detailed information about its stratigraphic and environmental context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the interdisciplinary opportunities and challenges of working with digital cultural heritage, such as digitized historical newspapers, and proposes an integrated digital hermeneutics workflow to combine purely disciplinary research approaches from computer science, humanities, and library work. Common interests and motivations of the above‐mentioned disciplines have resulted in interdisciplinary projects and collaborations such as the NewsEye project, which is working on novel solutions on how digital heritage data is (re)searched, accessed, used, and analyzed. We argue that collaborations of different disciplines can benefit from a good understanding of the workflows and traditions of each of the disciplines involved but must find integrated approaches to successfully exploit the full potential of digitized sources. The paper is furthermore providing an insight into digital tools, methods, and hermeneutics in action, showing that integrated interdisciplinary research needs to build something in between the disciplines while respecting and understanding each other's expertise and expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coupled human-water systems (CHWS) are diverse and have been studied across a wide variety of disciplines. Integrating multiple disciplinary perspectives on CHWS provides a comprehensive and actionable understanding of these complex systems. While interdisciplinary integration has often remained elusive, specific combinations of disciplines might be comparably easier to integrate (compatible), and/or their combination might be particularly likely to uncover previously unobtainable insights (complementary). This paper systematically identifies such promising combinations by mapping disciplines along a common set of topical, philosophical, and methodological dimensions. It also identifies key challenges and lessons for multidisciplinary research teams seeking to integrate highly promising (complementary) but poorly compatible disciplines. Applied to eight disciplines that span the environmental physical sciences and the quantitative and qualitative social sciences, we found that promising combinations of disciplines identified by the typology broadly reproduce patterns of recent interdisciplinary collaborative research revealed by a bibliometric analysis. We also found that some disciplines are centrally located within the typology by being compatible and complementary to multiple other disciplines along distinct dimensions. This points to the potential for these disciplines to act as catalysts for wider interdisciplinary integration. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Methods Human Water > Methods Science of Water > Methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the management of invasive alien species (IAS) in China. It highlights the negative impacts of biological invasions on ecosystems, the environment, and the economy. The article presents 24 papers that cover a wide range of topics related to IAS management, including risk analysis, mechanisms of invasion success, performance of successful IAS, and impact and control of invasive species. The studies use various methods such as field surveys, experiments, ecological modeling, and molecular techniques to assess invasion risks, investigate mechanisms, and develop control strategies. The article emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research and effective management strategies to address the increasing threat of IAS in China. [Extracted from the article]

Information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) is a field of research concerned with studying how information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be used to improve the socio‐economic situation of marginalized communities in developing countries. The authors identify the preservation of the information provided or accessed during ICT4D projects as a critical gap in ICT4D research. They argue that archival science, an information discipline concerned with the preservation of recorded information, provides theories and models that can help make ICT4D projects more sustainable. They discuss the creation of analog backups by participants in an ICT4D project in Bangladesh as an example of communities taking the initiative to remedy the limitations of an ICT4D project with simple pen and paper technology to preserve the information they wanted to keep. Conversely, they argue that insights on how marginalized communities interact with and preserve information gained through ICT4D projects can enrich archival science and foster the development of more inclusive theories and practices. Finally, they suggest areas for interdisciplinary research between ICT4D and archival science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability research is vast and complex, making it difficult to grasp the big picture. To help researchers understand the field better, we created a comprehensive knowledge map of sustainability in management literature by utilising citation‐based clustering and text mining techniques to analyse 25,737 sustainability‐related papers across 22 academic disciplines, as categorised by the Chartered Association of Business Schools (ABS)'s Academic Journal Guide. We identify 23 research streams, with the top three being corporate social responsibility, operations & supply chain and tourism. Each research stream has varying degrees of definition coverage, levels of analysis, levels of interdisciplinarity and connections to the 17 United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Goals #9, #10, #12 and #13 receive more attention than Goals #3, #14 and #15. Our findings suggest a need for more interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, and we propose four research directions to achieve this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In fact, most schools around the world are not well equipped to have discussions and keep current on the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in many aspects of society and economy. They either ignore this conversation, or simply criticize technology, but these resistances are not stopping wide spread of various types of AI projects in schools, mainly driven by corporations, and fueled by incentives that might not match well with long term educational objectives of student success, diversity, equity, and inclusivity. Objectives: The overall purpose is to address the rising gap between the ultrafast development of AI and the meticulous technological application of education, and to suggest the important bridge of building technological leadership in teacher preparation to get ready for the grow of AI in education. Methods: The contextual review examines the field of AI development in education through three lenses: conceptual context, practice context, and research context. Results and Conclusions: The paper provides educators and policy makers an overall background of the phenomenon of AI in education. The study has revealed there is an urgent need for research and development in teacher preparation as well as in the philosophy of technology in education to bridge the gap between AI and education. Lay Description: The initiative addresses the rising gap between the ultrafast development of artificial intelligence and the meticulous technological application of education.To get ready for AIED, the project advises educators, technologists, and policy makers to focus on educational leadership, and philosophy of technology in education to overcome the ethical bottleneck hindering AI progress at the philosophical level.The study highlights the critical need for more research on learning and classroom management, teacher preparation programs, school administration, educational philosophy, and educational policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interdisciplinary research is widely recognized as necessary to tackle some of the grand challenges facing humanity. It is generally believed that interdisciplinarity is becoming increasingly prevalent among Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. However, little is known about the evolution of interdisciplinarity in the Social Sciences. Also, how interdisciplinarity and its various aspects evolve over time has seldom been closely quantified and delineated. This paper answers these questions by capturing the disciplinary diversity of the knowledge base of scientific publications in nine broad Social Sciences fields over 55 years. The analysis considers diversity as a whole and its three distinct aspects, namely variety, balance, and disparity. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are also conducted to investigate whether such change, if any, can be found among research with similar characteristics. We find that learning widely and digging deeply have become one of the norms among researchers in Social Sciences. Fields acting as knowledge exporters or independent domains maintain a relatively stable homogeneity in their knowledge base while the knowledge base of importer disciplines evolves towards greater heterogeneity. However, the increase of interdisciplinarity is substantially smaller when controlling for several author and publication related variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yoselin Benitez Alfonso, a professor in interdisciplinary plant sciences at the University of Leeds, shares her journey and passion for plant science. Growing up in Cuba, she developed a love for nature and later pursued a degree in chemistry in Spain. Despite not having a biology background, she taught herself plant biology and became interested in plasmodesmata research. She is motivated by her love for research, the success of her students, and the impact of her contributions to teaching and diversity. She considers her father and various mentors as role models and enjoys reading papers on plasmodesmata research and plant symbiosis. Her favorite plant is the olive tree due to its symbolism, climate resilience, and economic significance. Yoselin is also involved in the Black in Plant Science Network and has received recognition for her leadership and academic achievements. [Extracted from the article]

This paper contributes to the promotion of multidisciplinary research on ethical consumerism by providing experimental evidence on consumer's willingness to reward sellers by paying higher wages to their workers. We analyze repeated interactions occurring between workers, sellers, and consumers within the framework of an experimental market. By successfully performing a task, workers allow sellers to offer a good through a market. Sellers set the price of goods and decide the wages of workers. Consumers enter the market sequentially and decide whether to accept one of the offers or to leave the market. Our data show that, especially in the first periods of the experiment, some sellers opt to pay high wages to their workers. However, this behavior is not rewarded by consumers, whose purchasing choices are almost exclusively driven by self‐interest. In our interpretation, the connection between workers and sellers that connotes our experimental design, with workers who allow sellers to enter the market, may induce consumers to believe that eventual sacrifices for paying high wages to workers must be entirely on sellers. Our result suggests that the more salient is made the importance of some stakeholders in allowing the firm's activity, the fewer consumers' may be willing to sacrifice their monetary payoff to improve these stakeholders' condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe restrictions placed upon face‐to‐face meetings during the Covid pandemic in 2020/2021 created new challenges for the on‐going research into food systems in the Portsmouth community. The researchers had planned to use soft action research which involves participants meeting face‐to‐face. The restrictions that were imposed during the pandemic forbade such meetings and created a new set of issues for the researchers to overcome. In this paper, we describe how these shortcomings were addressed and introduce a novel way of adapting soft action research through the use of Information and Communication Technologies. The lessons learnt from our experiences will help inform researchers and professionals using Soft methods of inquiry and open opportunities for others to explore further the benefits and disadvantages of online investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents several experiences focused to create and update accurate numerical models of ageing bridges in Spain. The experimental campaigns included integration of various NDT technologies such as laser scanning, ultrasounds, etc., combined with vibration‐based methods such as Operational Modal Analysis. From these multi‐source data it was possible to create an accurate numerical model of each structure, which was lately subjected to a calibration using the actual dynamic response of the structure. Thus, the updated structural model presents the same behaviour as the real construction, offering a powerful tool to more accurately predict the safety level of the structure. On the other hand, structural assessments based on reliability analysis has been proved to improve the quality and accuracy of safety analysis due to the consideration of the possible deviations presented in the parameters of a structure. These works were compiled as case‐studies in Spain within IM‐SAFE project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post‐COVID Syndrome (also known as Long COVID) refers to the multi‐system condition affecting individuals following COVID‐19 infection. This can include speech and language therapy (SLT) needs, including voice, swallowing, communication and upper airway difficulties. There is limited published literature in this clinical area of practice, particularly for those receiving input from community SLT services. Aims: To describe and compare demand, typical SLT presentation and service delivery across two National Health Service (NHS) Long COVID multidisciplinary services. Independent retrospective service evaluation was completed for each service. Descriptive statistics were produced and compared across services. This service evaluation followed The Strengthening the Reporting of Observation Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for cohort studies. Outcomes & Results: The findings indicated similarities across the two services in SLT service need and demand, clinical presentations and intervention approaches provided within Long COVID services. There were specific differences in the service provision and delivery of intervention in cognitive communication and upper airways subspecialities. Conclusions & Implications: This study highlights the clinical complexities of SLT needs in individuals with Long COVID and the importance for an appropriately skilled and supported workforce within effective multidisciplinary teams. We call for consensus on SLT practices and a consistent and standardized approach to evaluation for SLT needs in Long COVID. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: SLT needs, including voice, swallowing, communication and upper airway difficulties, are present in individuals presenting with Long COVID, both in those who were or were not hospitalized. SLTs are seeing such individuals in a variety of settings, including community services and Long COVID multidisciplinary teams. There is minimal evidence of the clinical presentations and interventions provided to individuals with SLT needs compared across Long COVID services. What this study adds to existing knowledge: This study compares two NHS Long COVID services providing a SLT service pathway. It highlights the similarities and differences in service demand and capacity, patient presentation, and SLT intervention to make suggestions for future practice consideration and priority evaluation. Expert consensus among SLT clinicians is a priority to ensure clinicians are delivering consistent and equitable care for patients, while new evidence and data emerge. A consistent and standardized approach to data collection and outcome measures is essential to ensure future research captures the impact and value of SLT input with individuals with Long COVID. What are the clinical implications of this work?: The complexities and multifactorial SLT needs of individual with Long COVID call for appropriate SLT staffing provision, skill and training to fulfil the needs of this population. Speech and language therapists should be integrated with multidisciplinary Long COVID services to provide holistic care for patients and to support the professionals working with individuals with post‐COVID voice, swallowing, communication and upper airway symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to integrated structures and multiple functions, complex systems, such as large‐scale equipment and aerospace vehicle, faced prominent reliability problems. However, in real‐world applications, collecting sufficient reliability data is costly and time‐consuming. To overcome this difficulty, the information‐poor variables are modeled with interval models and the corresponding reliability analysis method for complex system is studied in this paper. First, we establish a multidisciplinary nonprobabilistic reliability model based on interval analysis, which is an optimization framework with an objective of nonprobabilistic reliability index and two constraints of interdisciplinary consistency equation and limit state equation. Second, two types of algorithms for the above model are studied. Based on typical methods of multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), the direct algorithms including RA‐MDF and RA‐IDF are developed. Then, a decoupled reliability analysis algorithm is proposed to realize parallel multidisciplinary reliability analysis, in which two methods of multidisciplinary interval uncertainty analysis are formulated to decouple the coupling relationship between disciplines. Finally, three examples are employed to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, a new take on the concept of an active subspace for reducing the dimension of the design parameter space in a multidisciplinary analysis and optimization (MDAO) problem is proposed. The new approach is intertwined with the concepts of adaptive parameter sampling, projection‐based model order reduction, and a database of linear, projection‐based reduced‐order models equipped with interpolation on matrix manifolds, in order to construct an efficient computational framework for MDAO. The framework is fully developed for MDAO problems with linearized fluid‐structure interaction constraints. It is applied to the aeroelastic tailoring, under flutter constraints, of two different flight systems: a flexible configuration of NASA's Common Research Model; and NASA's Aeroelastic Research Wing #2 (ARW‐2). The obtained results illustrate the feasibility of the computational framework for realistic MDAO problems and highlight the benefits of the new approach for constructing an active subspace in both terms of solution optimality and wall‐clock time reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: As the prevalence of paediatric dysphagia increases, the need for long‐term non‐oral feeding has also increased. Despite these developments, little is known about caregiver experiences of transitioning a child onto long‐term non‐oral feeds, and the factors which influence the process of decision‐making and the provision of consent to do so. This paper aims to explore these factors. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine participants recruited from the multidisciplinary out‐patient non‐oral feeding clinic at a hospital. Interviews explored caregiver experiences of decision‐making and the process of providing consent when transitioning their child to non‐oral feeds, as well as the support structures available to the caregivers. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, then analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2013) and content analysis (Neuendorf, 2016). Results: Challenges to care and quality of life, access to information and culturally relevant counselling, and the involvement of family members and significant others emerged as prominent themes. Findings suggest that quality of life was the most common motivating factor for transitioning a child to non‐oral feeding methods. Several participants suggested that support and information sharing via digital platforms were both useful and effective. Implications: The findings highlight caregivers' needs for improved access to information and social support. The findings hold implications for training of healthcare providers working in similar contexts and for models of service delivery which ensure that family‐centred intervention can be delivered in culturally and contextually relevant ways. With widespread access to smartphones, counselling should include digital messaging as a way of providing support and information sharing. Future research should focus on the complexities of counselling and the process of informed consent in settings impacted by diverse cultural, contextual and linguistic barriers, as well as the potential value of mobile health (mhealth) in ensuring improved health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral‐value perception occurs when sensory perception is directed by cognitive schemas, which selectively sample information in objects and events that represent personally valued means or ends. As a result of the perception of such value representations people experience affect ranging from strongly negative to strongly positive. If one's schemas direct attention to elements of objects or actions that verify schematic expectations, and spark little of no noticeable affect, the new information automatically produces minor alterations of the schema. However, if attention is directed or drawn to information that produces strong affect, and is contradictory of activated schemas, one is likely to engage in conscious assessment, through which the information is re‐conceptualized in a way that preserves schematic integrity. Based on multidisciplinary analysis, this paper (1) addresses the ways in which the perception of things within the natural world are represented in moral‐value perceptions, (2) identifies important cognitive, affective and emotional processes involved in the ongoing experience of such perception, and (3) illustrates some of the ways in which moral‐value perceptions influence moral assessments and judgements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐based systems and applications have pervaded everyday life to make decisions that have a momentous impact on individuals and society. With the staggering growth of online data, often termed as the online infosphere, it has become paramount to monitor the infosphere to ensure social good as AI‐based decisions are severely dependent. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive review of some of the most important research areas related to the infosphere, focusing on the technical challenges and potential solutions. The survey also outlines some of the important future directions. We begin by focussing on the collaborative systems that have emerged within the infosphere with a special thrust on Wikipedia. In the follow‐up, we demonstrate how the infosphere has been instrumental in the growth of scientific citations and collaborations, thus fuelling interdisciplinary research. Finally, we illustrate the issues related to the governance of the infosphere, such as the tackling of the (a) rising hateful and abusive behavior and (b) bias and discrimination in different online platforms and news reporting. This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Internet [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the recent rejection of a formal Anthropocene series/epoch by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), and its subsequent confirmation by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), the opportunity arises to reset the definition of the Anthropocene. The case for informally recognizing the Anthropocene to be a major planetary event of Earth system transformation offers a promising way forward, but this has been criticized by proponents of an Anthropocene series/epoch. In order to move on from the assumption that it must be a time interval, and to foster a more transdisciplinary and inclusive approach, the main points of the critique must be directly addressed. Plain Language Summary: The Anthropocene is best understood as an unfolding and intensifying event of human‐influenced Earth system change. Here we respond to criticisms of the case for the Anthropocene Event and explain why attention should be shifted away from the narrow question of date of start which has dominated debate up to now. The Anthropocene, we argue, is more than just a time interval. It is first and foremost a material happening or physical transformation which unfolds through time. Interdisciplinary research on the Anthropocene is more important than ever and must continue apace. Key Points: The Anthropocene is best studied as an ongoing event of human‐influenced planetary transformation rather than a time intervalThe Great Acceleration is an intensification of a larger unfolding Anthropocene Event that is spatially and temporally heterogeneousInterdisciplinary research on the Anthropocene is now more important than ever [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calcareous tufa sequence and associated Palaeolithic site of Caours were discovered in 2002 during a test‐pit campaign aimed at identifying last interglacial (MIS 5e) archives in the fluvial terrace system of the Somme basin, northern France. The presence of an outstanding stratigraphical succession with four in situ Palaeolithic layers within the tufa sequence has motivated archaeological excavations of the site since 2005. The first malacological studies and U‐series ages quickly showed that the sequence was mainly deposited during the Eemian interglacial (MIS 5e). After 20 years of investigations, we propose here a summary of this multidisciplinary research project including stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochronology, geochemistry, malacology, mammals, palaeovegetation and archaeology. By combining 25 dates obtained by U‐series, ESR/U‐series, TL and OSL methods, the Caours calcareous tufa sequence is securely dated to the Eemian (123.1±2.8 ka). Based on the summary of the whole information, we propose a robust and detailed reconstruction of the modification of the valley environments between the Late Saalian and the Early Weichselian. At the scale of northwestern Europe, Caours provides a reference terrestrial molluscs record for the Eemian interglacial, including the climatic optimum, that is also described in the same layers by δ18O and δ13C analyses on calcite and by mammal remains. Moreover, the 300‐m‐long transect crossing the fluvial terrace covered by the tufa sequence and the bottom valley formation, combined with the chronology established from U‐series and OSL ages, shows that the incision of the present‐day valley, leading to the setting of the Very Low Terrace, was achieved during the first stages of the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d–5c). From an archaeological point of view, the configuration of the Caours site is unique at the scale of western Europe and demonstrates the adaptation of Neandertals to a forested environment and to fully temperate conditions during the Eemian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change is often thought of as a steady and approximately predictable physical response to increasing forcings, which then requires commensurate adaptation. But adaptation has practical, cultural and biological limits, and climate change may pose unanticipated global hazards, sudden changes or other surprises–as may societal adaptation and mitigation responses. These poorly known factors could substantially affect the urgency of mitigation as well as adaptation decisions. We outline a strategy for better accommodating these challenges by making climate science more integrative, in order to identify and quantify known and novel physical risks including those arising from interactions with ecosystems and society. We need to do this even–or especially–when they are highly uncertain, and to explore risks and opportunities associated with mitigation and adaptation responses by engaging across disciplines. We argue that upcoming climate assessments need to be more risk‐aware, and suggest ways of achieving this. These strategies improve the chances of anticipating potential surprises and identifying and communicating "safe landing" pathways that meet UN Sustainable Development Goals and guide humanity toward a better future. Plain Language Summary: Global risks may arise from many places, not all of which are being considered at the moment in the usual projections of future climate. Some risks are being overlooked, sometimes by most of the physical science community itself, or else by others who need information about future climate. We think physical climate sciences can do a lot to remedy this situation by looking more systematically at a broader array of risks and possible futures, narrowing them down, and collaboratively seeking better ways to express them. In this perspective we argue why this is important and explain a few ways it can be done. Key Points: Climate science needs to adjust to account systematically for low‐likelihood, high‐impact risks and comprehensive pathway interactionsAchieving this requires new strategies; several are outlined here, including increased model coupling and scenario explorationSuccess will require collaboration between physical sciences and other disciplines [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnerships (PSPs) produce 'Top 10' lists of health and care research priorities through a structured, shared decision‐making process with patients or service users, carers and health or care professionals who identify questions that are most important to them. To date, over 150 PSPs in different areas of health and care have published research priorities. Some PSPs share similar priorities, which could be combined, promoted and addressed through collaborative research to increase value and reduce research waste. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify overarching themes common to JLA PSP priorities across different areas of health and care. Methods: Our analysis included 'Top 10' research priorities produced by UK‐based JLA PSPs between 2016 and 2020. The priorities were coded deductively by the Health Research Classification System (HRCS) health category and research activity. We then carried out online workshops with patients, service users and carers to generate new codes not already captured by this framework. Within each code, multistakeholder inductive thematic analysis was used to identify overarching themes, defined as encompassing priorities from three or more PSPs covering two or more health categories. We used codesign methods to produce an interactive tool for end users to navigate the overarching themes. Results: Five hundred and fifteen research priorities from 51 PSPs were included in our analysis. The priorities together encompassed 20 of 21 HRCS health categories, the most common being 'generic health relevance' (22%), 'mental health' (18%) and 'musculoskeletal' (14%). We identified 89 overarching themes and subthemes, which we organised into a hierarchy with seven top‐level themes: quality of life, caregivers and families, causes and prevention, screening and diagnosis, treatment and management, services and systems and social influences and impacts. Conclusion: There are many overarching themes common to research priorities across multiple areas of health and care. To facilitate new research and research funding, we have developed an interactive tool to help researchers, funders and patients or service users to explore these priority topics. This is freely available to download online. Patient or Public Contribution: Patients or service users and carers were involved throughout the study, including deciding the aims, designing the study, analysing priorities to identify themes, interpreting and reporting the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information studies have identified numerous needs and barriers to the integration of asylum seekers and refugees; however, little emphasis has been placed thus far on their need to keep their own culture, values, and traditions alive. In this work, we use ethnographic constructivist grounded theory to explore the place of heritage in the information experience of people who have sought asylum in the United Kingdom. Based on our findings, we propose to conceptualize heritage as an affective and meaningful information literacy practice. Such conceptualization fosters integration by allowing people to simultaneously maintain their own ways of knowing and adapt to local ones. Our research approach provides scholars with a conceptual tool to holistically explore affective, meaningful, and cultural information practices. This study also reveals implications for policymakers, third sector organizations, and cultural institutions working toward the more sustainable integration of asylum seekers and refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically, interviews are transcribed to enable coding and analysis of the data to establish the research findings. However, where discourse is not central, this article argues that mind mapping is a valuable tool to identify relationships and differences across large datasets. This is particularly useful for large-scale research projects that may also be interdisciplinary and/or multi-sited where the ability to transcribe and analyse audio-recordings is often a time-intensive process for the researcher and costly if outsourced. Additionally, there are challenges to analysing vast amounts of text into something meaningful. This article first reviews what mind maps are, and how they work. Second it explores the value of mind maps in qualitative data collection and analysis, particularly in the role of transcription. Third, using research conducted on volcano alert level systems, a methodology using mind maps to analyse interview recording is established. Fourth, the pros and cons of mind maps and potential application in other qualitative research methods and in different academic fields is discussed. Findings demonstrate that mind maps can be highly time beneficial providing a close and intimate reading of the data and enabling the researcher to make sense of the emerging themes, particularly for large data sets typically collected through multi-sited research, or smaller research projects with limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro‐ and macroparasites are a leading cause of mortality for humans, animals, and plants, and there is great need to understand their origins, transmission dynamics, and impacts. Disease ecology formed as an interdisciplinary field in the 1970s to fill this need and has recently rapidly grown in size and influence. Because interdisciplinary fields integrate diverse scientific expertise and training experiences, understanding their composition and research priorities is often difficult. Here, for the first time, we quantify the composition and educational experiences of a subset of disease ecology practitioners and identify topical trends in published research. We combined a large survey of self‐declared disease ecologists with a literature synthesis involving machine‐learning topic detection of over 18,500 disease ecology research articles. The number of graduate degrees earned by disease ecology practitioners has grown dramatically since the early 2000s. Similar to other science fields, we show that practitioners in disease ecology have diversified in the last decade in terms of gender identity and institution, with weaker diversification in race and ethnicity. Topic detection analysis revealed how the frequency of publications on certain topics has declined (e.g., HIV, serology), increased (e.g., the dilution effect, infectious disease in bats), remained relatively common (e.g., malaria ecology, influenza, vaccine research and development), or have consistently remained relatively infrequent (e.g., theoretical models, field experiments). Other topics, such as climate change, superspreading, emerging infectious diseases, and network analyses, have recently come to prominence. This study helps identify the major themes of disease ecology and demonstrates how publication frequency corresponds to emergent health and environmental threats. More broadly, our approach provides a framework to examine the composition and publication trends of other major research fields that cross traditional disciplinary boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede, we focus on the southern region of Nippur Sulcus, including the Epigeus palimpsest crater. This region displays geologically recent terrains and has good coverage of optical and near infrared remote sensing data, primarily returned by the NASA Galileo mission. We first use high‐resolution optical imagery to carry out a detailed geological mapping. We combine hyperspectral data to infer the surface composition of this area. We then apply two theoretical models. The first is a self‐similar clustering that uses the mapping of the grooves present in this region to infer the thickness of the ice shell. A second model is used to estimate the radar clutter noise induced by the estimated local topography, which is key for constraining future radar measurements. Based on all findings, we provide a possible evolutionary history of the Nippur Sulcus and Epigeus areas. This exercise shows the potential of an interdisciplinary data analysis combining wide‐ranging scientific objectives such as geology, surface composition, and geophysics in view of the future close exploration that will be conducted on Ganymede by the JUICE spacecraft. Our work combines multiple analysis techniques that could be applied to other regions of interest and will prove crucial when JUICE data become available. Plain Language Summary: On Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede, we focus on the region of Nippur Sulcus, including the Epigeus palimpsest crater covered by optical and near infrared remote sensing data acquired in the past by the NASA Galileo mission, to carry out a detailed geological and compositional analysis of this region. We then apply two theoretical models focusing on the estimation of the grooves' depth and on the radar clutter noise induced by the local topography to show how an in‐depth analysis combining geology, surface composition, and geophysics could achieve a broader understanding of a given region of interest. For high‐priority regions of interest to be studied by JUICE in detail, such a multidisciplinary analysis could ultimately reveal connections between the surface and fluid subsurface. Key Points: We focus on the Nippur Sulcus region on Ganymede to perform a detailed geological and compositional analysis of this regionNippur's grooves have a composition similar to that of small fresh craters and may penetrate 125–135 km into the icy crustTo reveal potential links between the surface and subsurface liquid pockets, clutter‐induced noise must be treated adequately in radar data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning has evolved and expanded as an interdisciplinary research method for educational sciences. However, cheating detection of test collusion among multiple examinees or sets of examinees with unusual answer patterns using machine learning techniques has remained relatively unexplored. This study investigates collusion on multiple‐choice tests by introducing feature representation methodologies and machine learning algorithms that can be jointly used as a promising method; they can be used not only to detect individual examinees involved in the collusion but also to evaluate test collusion with or without the groups of potentially dishonest examinees identified a priori. Furthermore, using small‐sample examples, the visual detection procedures of the current study were articulated to help identify questionable item response groups and simultaneously focus on the specific individuals providing anomalous answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]