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Aim: This study examined whether there is an association between continuous care rehabilitation (CR) and the risk of fracture hospitalization among people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) aged >75 years with mild‐to‐moderate care needs level. Methods: A retrospective study design based on the merging of medical claims and long‐term care insurance claims data was used. Before propensity score matching, of the 2177 participants, 222 received continuous CR, whereas 1955 did not. After matching using a 1:4 ratio, we identified 222 patients in the CR group and 888 patients in the non‐CR groups. We carried out a survival analysis to clarify the association between CR and the risk of fracture hospitalization. Results: After matching, there was a significant difference between the CR and non‐CR groups in 3 years (stratified log‐rank test by age P = 0.036) and in 4 years (stratified log‐rank test by age P = 0.011). The CR group was significantly associated with delays of hospital admission due to fracture within 3 years (hazard ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.99; P = 0.047) and within 4 years (hazard ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.88; P = 0.010). Conclusions: Our study showed that older people with Parkinson's disease who continuously received CR had a lower risk of fracture hospitalization in 3 and 4 years than those who did not receive CR or received interrupted CR. Considering our participants with a mild‐to‐moderate care needs level, a sustainable CR service might benefit people with Parkinson's disease from an early time when their activities of daily living are still intact and cognitive function has not deteriorated. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 628–634. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Smoking is an important public health issue. Although measures to support smoking cessation have been implemented worldwide, smokers often fail to quit smoking after receiving pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence. The present study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation compared with no pharmacotherapy using actual paid medical cost data in Japan. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 3657 subjects who had quit smoking with varenicline or no pharmacotherapy. We extracted health examination and medical claim data from a health insurer database for the period 2012–2015. We calculated the incremental cost‐effective ratio (ICER) of varenicline using actual paid medical costs for nicotine dependence and the number needed to treat to maintain smoking cessation compared with no pharmacotherapy, considering sex, age, income, and occupation. Results: The 1‐ and 2‐year smoking cessation maintenance rates were 69.7% and 62.4%, respectively. We found that 8.8% of subjects who quit smoking used varenicline for nicotine dependence and the cost per person was Japanese Yen (JPY) 52 177 (U.S. dollars [USD] 474; USD 1 = JPY 110). The ICER of varenicline was dominant when comparing 2‐year cessation with 1‐year cessation. Male, age <40 years, low income, and manufacturing workers were the most cost‐effective variables. Conclusions: The cost‐effective variables of varenicline in the real world were investigated. The results of this study strengthen the evidence regarding which type of people should be targeted for measures to support smoking cessation using varenicline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]