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Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery features a high theoretical energy density, but the shuttle of soluble polysulfides between the two electrodes often results in a rapid capacity decay. Herein, a straightforward electrostatic adsorption strategy based on a cross‐linked polyimidazolium separator as a snaring shield of polysulfides is reported, which suppresses the undesirable migration of polysulfides to the anode. The porous ionic network (PIN)‐modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are successfully prepared and coated onto a commercial porous polypropylene membrane in a vacuum‐filtration step. The favorable affinity of the imidazolium ring toward polysulfide via the polar interaction and the electrostatic effect of ions mitigates the undesirable shuttle of polysulfides in the electrolyte, improving the Li─S battery in terms of rate performance and cycling life. Compared to the reference PIN‐free CNT‐coated separator, the PIN/CNT‐coated one has an increased initial capacity of 1.3 folds (up to 1394.8 mAh g−1 for PIN/CNT/PP‐3) at 0.1 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A co‐crystal FJU‐182 with a closed cage structure with photochromic phenomenon was formed using a tetraphenylene derivatives 4,4′,4′′,4′′′‐(anthracene‐9,10‐diylidenebis(methanediyl‐ylidene))tetrabenzoic acid self‐assembled with 1,3‐di(4‐pyridyl)propane in a solvent. It was also found that isomorphic crystals grown from different solvents exhibited different fluorescence. The electron paramagnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data showed that the photochromic mechanism of crystal FJU‐182 was due to photoinduced electron transfer, while the different color change of crystals grown from different solvents was attributed to the size of solvent molecules. The I−V curves of the crystals FJU‐182 before and after illumination were also tested, and it was found that the conductivity of the crystals before the color change would be 3–8 times higher than the conductivity of the crystals after the color development. FJU‐182 provides a new case for electrochemical devices with photoelectric response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of hydrogen‐bonded organic framework materials by intermolecular hydrogen bonding forces has been rapidly developed in the last decade, among which, the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding and functional binding sites exhibited by nitrogen‐containing functional groups have made them favorites for designing organic components to customize functionalized porous materials. This review systematically introduces the types of nitrogen‐containing monomers used to prepare porous hydrogen‐bonded organic backbones and the principles of their construction, summarizes the design advantages of crystalline materials from an elemental perspective, and presents the applications of such HOFs in the fields of gas adsorption/separation, molecular recognition, plasmonic conductivity, biomedical, and luminescent materials, etc. Finally, the prospects for the development of such materials are discussed and potential directions for future work are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The relationship between moderate alcohol intake and health outcomes among individuals with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is complex. Our aim was to investigate the association of minimal alcohol consumption with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among MAFLD individuals of different genders. Methods: Our study included 2630 MAFLD individuals from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association between alcohol use measures and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption per week and all‐cause mortality. Results: In the entire MAFLD cohort, we observed significant disparities in clinical characteristics between male and female individuals with MAFLD. Higher weekly alcohol consumption was significantly associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality (male, hazard ratios [HRs]: 1.009, 95% CIs: 1.004–1.014; female, HRs: 1.032, 95% CIs: 1.022–1.042). In males with MAFLD, a linear association with all‐cause mortality was observed for weekly alcohol consumption (p for non‐linearity =.21). Conversely, in females with MAFLD, the risk of all‐cause mortality remained relatively stable until 2 drinks per week, after which it rapidly increased with each additional drink consumed, and the increase in mortality risk was higher than that observed in males (p for non‐linearity <.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that any increase in weekly alcohol consumption was associated with increased all‐cause mortality in men with MAFLD. Conversely, consuming less than 2 drinks per week had minimal impact on the risk of mortality among female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontispiece: Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks: Functionalized Construction Strategy by Nitrogen-Containing Functional Group Functionalized, hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials, nitrogen-containing functional groups, porous materials Keywords: functionalized; hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials; nitrogen-containing functional groups; porous materials EN functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials nitrogen-containing functional groups porous materials 1 1 1 07/29/22 20220726 NES 220726 Four modification strategies of nitrogen-containing functional groups in the design of hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials are discussed in the Review by Zhang, Liu et al. (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200422). [Extracted from the article]

Elaborately designed multifunctional electrocatalysts capable of promoting Li+ and CO2 transport are essential for upgrading the cycling stability and rate capability of Li‐CO2 batteries. Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with open channels and easily functionalized surfaces hold great potential for applications in efficient cathodes of Li‐CO2 batteries. Herein, a robust HOFS (HOF‐FJU‐1) is introduced for the first time as a co‐catalyst in the cathode material of Li‐CO2 batteries. HOF‐FJU‐1 with cyano groups located periodically in the pore can induce homogeneous deposition of discharge products and accommodate volumetric expansion of discharge products during cycling. Besides, HOF‐FJU‐1 enables effective interaction between Ru0 nanoparticles and cyano groups, thus forming efficient and uniform catalytic sites for CRR/CER. Moreover, HOF‐FJU‐1 with regularly arranged open channels are beneficial for CO2 and Li+ transport, enabling rapid redox kinetic conversion of CO2. Therefore, the HOF‐based Li‐CO2 batteries are capable of stable operation at 400 mA g−1 for 1800 h and maintain a low overpotential of 1.96 V even at high current densities up to 5 A g−1. This work provides valuable guidance for developing multifunctional HOF‐based catalysts to upgrade the longevity and rate capability of Li‐CO2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elaborately designed multifunctional electrocatalysts capable of promoting Li+ and CO2 transport are essential for upgrading the cycling stability and rate capability of Li‐CO2 batteries. Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with open channels and easily functionalized surfaces hold great potential for applications in efficient cathodes of Li‐CO2 batteries. Herein, a robust HOFS (HOF‐FJU‐1) is introduced for the first time as a co‐catalyst in the cathode material of Li‐CO2 batteries. HOF‐FJU‐1 with cyano groups located periodically in the pore can induce homogeneous deposition of discharge products and accommodate volumetric expansion of discharge products during cycling. Besides, HOF‐FJU‐1 enables effective interaction between Ru0 nanoparticles and cyano groups, thus forming efficient and uniform catalytic sites for CRR/CER. Moreover, HOF‐FJU‐1 with regularly arranged open channels are beneficial for CO2 and Li+ transport, enabling rapid redox kinetic conversion of CO2. Therefore, the HOF‐based Li‐CO2 batteries are capable of stable operation at 400 mA g−1 for 1800 h and maintain a low overpotential of 1.96 V even at high current densities up to 5 A g−1. This work provides valuable guidance for developing multifunctional HOF‐based catalysts to upgrade the longevity and rate capability of Li‐CO2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Liver fibrosis is the strongest histological risk factor for liver‐related complications and mortality in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Second harmonic generation/two‐photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) is a powerful tool for label‐free two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional tissue visualisation that shows promise in liver fibrosis assessment. Aim: To investigate combining multi‐photon microscopy (MPM) and deep learning techniques to develop and validate a new automated quantitative histological classification tool, named AutoFibroNet (Automated Liver Fibrosis Grading Network), for accurately staging liver fibrosis in MAFLD. Methods: AutoFibroNet was developed in a training cohort that consisted of 203 Chinese adults with biopsy‐confirmed MAFLD. Three deep learning models (VGG16, ResNet34, and MobileNet V3) were used to train pre‐processed images and test data sets. Multi‐layer perceptrons were used to fuse data (deep learning features, clinical features, and manual features) to build a joint model. This model was then validated in two further independent cohorts. Results: AutoFibroNet showed good discrimination in the training set. For F0, F1, F2 and F3‐4 fibrosis stages, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of AutoFibroNet were 1.00, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.98. The AUROCs of F0, F1, F2 and F3‐4 fibrosis stages for AutoFibroNet in the two validation cohorts were 0.99, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.90 and 1.00, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.94, respectively, showing a good discriminatory ability in different cohorts. Conclusion: AutoFibroNet is an automated quantitative tool that accurately identifies histological stages of liver fibrosis in Chinese individuals with MAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the low incidence and histological heterogeneity, the molecular features and underlying carcinogenic mechanisms of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are yet to be fully elucidated, especially for different subtypes of TETs. Methods: Tumor tissue samples of 43 TETs with distinct histological subtypes were collected. We analyzed the molecular characteristics in different subtypes based on whole exome sequencing data. Results: The mutational profiles of the different subtypes of TETs varied. Compared with thymomas, thymic carcinomas (TCs) had a higher mutation frequency of MYO16 (33% vs. 3%, p = 0.024) and a lower frequency of ZNF729 mutations (0% vs. 35%, p = 0.044). No significant difference was observed in the median tumor mutation burden across different subtypes. The value of copy number variation burden, weighted genome instability index, and the number of amplified segments were all higher in TCs than thymomas, and they also tended to be higher in B3 thymoma than in non‐B3 thymomas, while they had no significant differences between B3 thymoma and TCs. Clustering analyses revealed that Wnt, MAPK, Hedgehog, AMPK, and cell junction assembly signaling pathways were exclusively enriched in non‐B3 thymomas, lysine degradation pathway in B3 thymoma, and extracellular matrix‐receptor (ECM‐receptor) interaction, positive regulation of cell cycle process, and activation of innate immune response pathways in TCs. Conclusions: This study revealed distinct molecular landscapes of different subtypes of TETs, suggesting diverse pathogenesis of non‐B3 thymomas, B3 thymomas, and TCs. Our findings warrant further validation in future large‐scale studies and may provide a theoretical basis for potential personalized therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two water stable phosphate‐amidinium charge‐assisted hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), HOF‐FJU‐12 ([DPBA⋅PAM]0.5 ⋅ 0.2DMF⋅H2O) and HOF‐FJU‐13 ([DPBA ⋅ 1.5PAM] ⋅ 1.5DMF⋅H2O) (DPBA=3,5‐diphosphonobenzoic acid, PAM=terephtalimidamide, DMF=N,N‐Dimethylformamide) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that HOF‐FJU‐13 is a layered structure with continuous hydrogen‐bonding networks along a axis, which plays an important role in proton conduction. The highest proton conductivity of HOF‐FJU‐13 (1.14×10−4 S/cm) is about 7.4 times higher than that of HOF‐FJU‐12 (1.54×10−5 S/cm) under the conditions of 60 °C and 98 % relative humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]