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The rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) poses a significant global health challenge, affecting over 30% of adults worldwide. MASLD is linked to increased mortality rates and substantial healthcare costs, primarily driven by its progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which can lead to severe liver complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its growing burden, effective pharmacotherapy for MASLD/MASH has been lacking until the recent conditional approval of resmetirom by the FDA. Resmetirom, a liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor-p selective drug, has shown promise in clinical trials for treating non-cirrhotic MASH with moderate to advanced fibrosis. It has demonstrated efficacy in reducing hepatic fat content, improving liver histology (both MASH resolution and fibrosis improvement), and ameliorating biomarkers of liver damage without significant effects on body weight or glucose metabolism. Notably, resmetirom also exhibits favourable effects on circulating lipids, potentially reducing cardiovascular risk in MASLD/MASH patients. The safety profile of resmetirom appears acceptable, with gastrointestinal adverse events being the most common, though generally mild or moderate. However, long-term surveillance is warranted to monitor for potential risks related to thyroid, gonadal, or bone diseases. Clinical implementation of resmetirom faces challenges in patient selection and monitoring treatment response, and will heavily rely on non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis assessment. Nonetheless, resmetirom represents a landmark breakthrough in MASLD/MASH treatment, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies aiming to mitigate the multifaceted risks associated with this complex metabolic liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. Within the spectrum of liver disease in MAFLD, steatohepatitis is a progressive form of liver disease and hepatocyte ballooning (HB) is a cardinal pathological feature of steatohepatitis. The accurate and reproducible diagnosis of HB is therefore critical for the early detection and treatment of steatohepatitis. Currently, a diagnosis of HB relies on pathological examination by expert pathologists, which may be a time-consuming and subjective process. Hence, there has been interest in developing automated methods for diagnosing HB. This narrative review briefly discusses the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology for diagnosing fatty liver disease pathology over the last 30 years and provides an overview of the current research status of AI algorithms for the identification of HB, including published articles on traditional machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms. This narrative review also provides a summary of object detection algorithms, including the principles, historical developments, and applications in the medical image analysis. The potential benefits of object detection algorithms for HB diagnosis (specifically those combined with a transformer architecture) are discussed, along with the future directions of object detection algorithms in HB diagnosis and the potential applications of generative AI on transformer architecture in this field. In conclusion, object detection algorithms have huge potential for the identification of HB and could make the diagnosis of MAFLD more accurate and efficient in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, generalizing our previous construction, we equip the relative moduli stack of complexes over a Calabi–Yau fibration (possibly with singular fibers) with a shifted Poisson structure. Applying this construction to the anticanonical linear systems on surfaces, we get examples of compatible Poisson brackets on projective spaces extending Feigin–Odesskii Poisson brackets. Computing explicitly the corresponding compatible brackets coming from Hirzebruch surfaces, we recover the brackets defined by Odesskii–Wolf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Qing Chang oral liquid (QOL) is a veterinary drug, which mainly composed of Artemisiae annuae herba, Dichroae radix, Agrimonia pilosa and Sanguisorbae radix. Objectives: This study aims to explore the effect of Qing Chang Oral Liquid (QOL) on the treatment effect of artificially infected chicken coccidiosis and to the cellular immunity. Methods: Healthy Roman chickens were randomly divided into five groups: blank group, model group, QOL high‐, medium‐ and low‐dose groups. All the groups were orally administered with 1 × 104 sporulated oocysts (except the blank group). After 5 days of oral administration, the high‐, medium‐ and low‐dose groups of QOL were added to the drinking water at 2.4, 1.8 and 1.2 ml/kg, respectively. The blank and model groups were fed normally, and this experiment lasted for 7 days. The clinical signs were observed, and the relative weight gain, survival rate, cecum lesion score and oocyst value were measured to evaluate the effect of QOL. Meanwhile, the peripheral blood T‐lymphocyte subsets and cecal IL‐2, IL‐17, IFN‐γ mRNA expression were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results: The chickens in the model group were in poor mental state, gathered together, had loose stools or bloody stools and had less food intake and less exercise. The chicken mental state improved, the food intake and drinking water increased, and the faeces are normal in the high‐, medium‐ and low‐dose groups, especially in the high‐dose group, the anti‐coccidial indexes were up to 173.08. No significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) in the peripheral blood CD3+, CD3+CD4+ between the experimental groups. Compared with the blank group, there were different degrees of increase in each dose drug group of the cecal IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐17 mRNA expression, but the high‐dose group was significantly reduced compared with the model group (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that QOL has positive anti‐coccidial effect but has no obvious effect on the cellular immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Hemiepiphytic figs killing their host trees is an ecological process unique to the tropics. Yet the benefits and adaptive strategies of their special life history remain poorly understood.We compared leaf phosphorus (P) content data of figs and palms worldwide, and functional traits and substrate P content of hemiepiphytic figs (Ficus tinctoria), their host palm and nonhemiepiphytic conspecifics at different growth stages in a common garden.We found that leaf P content of hemiepiphytic figs and their host palms significantly decreased when they were competing for soil resources, but that of hemiepiphytic figs recovered after host death. P availability in the canopy humus and soil decreased significantly with the growth of hemiepiphytic figs. Functional trait trade‐offs of hemiepiphytic figs enabled them to adapt to the P shortage while competing with their hosts. From the common garden to a global scale, the P competition caused by high P demand of figs may be a general phenomenon.Our results suggest that P competition is an important factor causing host death, except for mechanically damaging and shading hosts. Killing hosts benefits hemiepiphytic figs by reducing interspecific P competition and better acquiring P resources in the P‐deficient tropics, thereby linking the life history strategy of hemiepiphytic figs to the widespread P shortage in tropical soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]