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This article explores the potential use of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in treating SAPHO syndrome, a rare autoinflammatory disease that affects the skin and skeletal system. JAKi can block the action of various cytokines involved in inflammation, making them potentially more effective than biologics that only target one cytokine. The article presents case reports of SAPHO syndrome patients who experienced symptom improvement after treatment with JAKi, specifically tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib. However, more research is needed to validate the efficacy of JAKi in treating SAPHO syndrome, including studies on tapering or discontinuation of JAKi and potential relapses or treatment failures. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumour, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The occurrence and development of GC is a complex process involving genetic changes in tumour cells and the influence of the surrounding tumour microenvironment (TME). Accumulative evidence shows that tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in GC, acting as plentiful and active infiltrating inflammatory cells in the TME. Main body: In this review, the different functions and mechanisms of TAMs in GC progression, including the conversion of phenotypic subtypes; promotion of tumour proliferation, invasion and migration; induction of chemoresistance; promotion of angiogenesis; modulation of immunosuppression; reprogramming of metabolism; and interaction with the microbial community are summarised. Although the role of TAMs in GC remains controversial in clinical settings, clarifying their significance in the treatment selection and prognostic prediction of GC could support optimising TAM‐centred clinicaltherapy. Conclusion: In summary, we reviewed the the phenotypic polarisation, function and molecular mechanism of TAMs and their potential applications in the treatment selection and prognostic prediction of GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commonly used criteria for SAPHO syndrome were proposed by Kahn in 1997 and revised in 2003:[1] (1) bone-joint involvement associated with PPP and psoriasis vulgaris; (2) bone-joint involvement associated with SA; (3) isolated sterile hyperostosis/osteitis; and (4) chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (children). Upadacitinib effectively relieved bone pain and skin damage in patients, and no significant adverse effects were found; thus, it may be a potential treatment option for SAPHO syndrome. Keywords: autoinflammatory disease; SAPHO syndrome; treatment option; upadacitinib EN autoinflammatory disease SAPHO syndrome treatment option upadacitinib 2335 2337 3 11/03/23 20231101 NES 231101 SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) is a rare autoinflammatory disease which may manifest clinically as aseptic osteomyelitis and aseptic joint inflammation, with or without cutaneous manifestations.[1] Osteoarticular symptoms occur mainly in the anterior chest wall (ACW) and may also involve the spine and peripheral joints. [Extracted from the article]

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by osteoarticular and cutaneous involvement as its main manifestations.[1] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly includes Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Additionally, when patients develop SAPHO syndrome coexisting with IBD, we need to differentiate IBD-related arthritis and SAPHO syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease that mainly involves bones, joints, and skin, characterized by sterile osteitis and neutrophilic dermatosis. SAPHO syndrome and PG may be different variations of the spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease; its primary manifestation includes osteoarthropathy with skin involvement. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, were used for rheumatoid arthritis; however, due to its downregulation of immune cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8, it might be effective for SAPHO patients. Case summary: We report the 1st case of mandibular‐related SAPHO syndrome treated with tofacitinib. The patient underwent mandibular resection surgery twice and postoperative pathology showed "osteomyelitis". The patient developed sclerosing osteomyelitis in the left wrist 9 months after surgery and SAPHO syndrome was diagnosed. The patient was administered nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids therapy without much remission. A 3‐month tofacitinib therapy provided remission from both systemic inflammation status and peripheral osteoarticular symptoms and no significant recurrence was observed during follow‐up in this case. Conclusion: Mandibular involvement in SAPHO syndrome is easily misdiagnosed due to its rarity. Mandibular resection surgery should be applied carefully; after systemic treatment with tofacitinib, the patient had remission. We provide a successful experience for the treatment of mandibular‐related SAPHO syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both one‐pot catalytic conversion of furfural (FAL) to isopropyl levulinate (PL) and carbonization of by‐product (humins) for electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, which provides inspiration that humins can be applied to electromagnetic wave absorption. In the former, phosphotungstic acid (PW) is employed as a homogeneous catalyst to convert FAL to PL via a tandem reaction in one pot, with the formation of a vast amount of humins. With FAL and various intermediates as substrates, it was found that humins was a polymerization product of FAL, furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and furfuryl ester (FE) with furan rings. In addition, the in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectra also provided a basis for the proposed reaction route. In the latter, with the humins as raw material, P species and WO3 doped nano‐porous carbon (Humins‐700) platform formed after high‐temperature annealing is used for electromagnetic wave absorption and manifests desirable absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value is −47.3 dB at 13.0 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 4.5 GHz (11.2–5.7 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the incidence of prostate cancer in China has shown a trend of continuous growth. Prostate cancer has become a urinary malignant tumor that seriously affects the health of men in China. Radical surgery and precision radiotherapy are the main methods of radical treatment for prostate cancer. Standardized diagnosis and treatment via a multidisciplinary team should be the standard practice to improve cure rate. Rapid development in imaging, pathology and molecular gene diagnosis has significantly changed the management of prostate cancer. In radiation oncology, image‐guided intensity modulated radiotherapy has been widely adopted in the treatment of prostate cancer. The comprehensive approach centered with radiotherapy has achieved excellent curative effect while continuously reducing treatment‐related side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: leflunomide; nail; SAPHO syndrome EN leflunomide nail SAPHO syndrome 156 157 2 02/17/23 20230201 NES 230201 Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by osteoarticular and dermatological manifestations.[1] Nail involvement is a common manifestation of SAPHO syndrome and often disrupts patients' daily activities and quality of life. We herein describe a patient with SAPHO syndrome with nail involvement that exhibited a complete response to single-agent treatment with leflunomide. [Extracted from the article]