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Direct evidence‐based approaches are vital in understanding the involvement of abiotic/biotic factors and evaluating the newly proposed theories on soil carbon (C) stabilization. Microaggregates (150–250 µm) collected from a corn system (>22 years; Kansas, USA), which had been under no‐till with different nitrogen (N) treatments were analyzed (N treatments: manure/compost, urea, zero fertilizer). We studied C stabilization in free soil microaggregates (with preserved aggregate architecture), directly using scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy coupled with near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (STXM‐NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Submicron scale findings were complemented with bulk chemical analysis. The STXM‐NEXAFS analysis revealed soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation inside nano‐ and micro‐pores and organo–mineral association, various degrees of humification, and high molecular diversity. The presence of microbial‐derived C was found in manure‐/compost‐added microaggregates highlighting the contribution of organic amendments in facilitating microbial diversity. The incidence of aragonite‐like minerals suggested the biologically/chemically active nature of microaggregate cores. Bulk analysis of free microaggregates showed a higher concentration of SOC (6.5%), ammonium oxalate extractable Fe/Al/Si), and higher aliphaticity of humic acid in manure‐/compost‐added soils compared to inorganic fertilizer (3% SOC) and control (2.7% SOC) treatments. The co‐existence of elements (calcium [Ca]/C, iron [Fe]/N, Fe/C, aluminum [Al]/C, and silicon [Si]/C) was partially supported by bulk chemical analysis that indicated a strong association between ammonium oxalate extractable Fe/Al/Si and SOC (R2 = 0.63—0.77). Overall, our study provided direct/indirect evidence for the complex and interactive involvement of chemical, mineralogical, and biological mechanisms that may have been stimulated by the long‐term addition of compost/manure in stabilizing SOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dimensional layered magnetic materials like Fe‐doped SnS2 are cheap, abundant, and biocompatible, used for spintronics applications. The hydrothermal synthesized hexagonal nano disc structure of the sample is seen in the SEM images at room temperature. Pure SnS2, which is diamagnetic with magnetization 0.02067 emu/g becomes soft ferromagnetic by 2.5 % Fe doping with 0.672 emug−1 saturation magnetization and 0.222 kOe coercivity. A ultraviolet‐visible spectrometer measurement of the energy bandgap reveals a drop in energy from 2.35 to 2.2 eV, and the PL spectrum displays intense blue emission at a wavelength of 482–484 nm. Maximum entropy method (MEM), confirmed the ionic to covalent conversion upon Fe doping, due to the residual charge accumulation at the intermediate regions. The electron densities in Fe doped system in the plane (023) at Bond Critical Point of Sn─S and S─S are 0.327 and 0.354 e Å−3, respectively, with negative total energy density values confirming covalent bonding. A high electron density of 0.856 e Å−3 at the Sn─Sn region confirms interstitial charge accumulation. This introduces new intermediate energy levels in the forbidden region, reducing the energy bandgap and making the substance more semiconducting, making it useful for optical, opto‐electronic, and half‐metal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique investigation has been undertaken to analyze the heat transmission by convective and radiative mechanisms in a fully saturated penetrable fin of a longitudinal structure positioned on a leaning surface. This study introduces the fusion of the realms of Homotopy perturbation and Sumudu transform techniques to address a previously unexplored problem involving a moving fin with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity. In prior research papers, the Homotopy Perturbation Sumudu Transform Method (HPSTM) was utilized to obtain analytical solutions for fins featuring temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity. However, in our current study, we employ the HPSTM to tackle a novel problem involving a moving porous fin. This fin exhibits temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and is subjected to convection and radiation effects. Through a comparison with numerical results, the present study has validated the dependability of its findings. The dimensionless temperature profile has been investigated by studying its relationship with several parameters. Here we observed that when the Peclet number (Pe) $({Pe})$ is augmented by 400%, there is a corresponding 1.11% increase in thermal outline at the fin's extremity. Enhancing the value of radiation parameter Nr ${Nr}$ by 400% declines the temperature of the fin tip by 14.079%. This study encourages the application of the Homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform technique in more complex fin problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Individuals with special healthcare needs (SHCN) are more likely to sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) due to distinct risk factors. The aim of this review was to assess various risk factors associated with TDIs in individuals with SHCN. Materials and Methods: The protocol was designed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane‐handbook, Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357422). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus using a pre‐defined strategy without any limitation of language and year of publication. It was last updated on 25 April 2023. Studies addressing the TDIs in individuals with SHCN were included. Data extraction and analyses were performed, risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, and a meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. They were categorized according to the target disease/condition: cerebral palsy (n = 5), ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (n = 5), visually impaired (n = 4), and multiple disorders (n = 7). The studies showed variability in the design and methods; however, 17 out of 21 studies showed moderate to low ROB. Increased overjet and lip incompetence were the main risk factors reported in the studies. The commonest injuries were observed to be enamel and enamel and dentine fractures. Conclusion: The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in individuals with special healthcare needs was 23.16% with 20.98% in males and 27.06% in females. Overjet >3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to be associated with a higher risk of TDI in all the categories of individuals with special healthcare needs except ADHD and ASD. Falls at home in cerebral palsy, falls while walking and self‐harm in ADHD and ASD, falls at home and collision in visual impairment, and unspecified falls in multiple disorders could be identified as the most common cause of TDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of I2/CAN has emerged as a mild and powerful reagent for the oxidative Csp3‐Csp2 cleavage of 3,3′‐bis‐7‐azaindolylmethane to provide a quantitative combined yield of 3‐formyl and 3‐iodo‐7‐azaindole in a one‐pot reaction at RT. A plausible mechanism and characterization, including XRD, has been described. The synthetic transformations of title compounds were explored by reduction, Click, reductive amination, and Suzuki coupling reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence on the impact of yoga in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The review includes 18 studies that examined the effects of yoga on various parameters in RA patients. The studies found that yoga can lead to improvements in biomarkers, disease activity, quality of life, and psychological well-being in RA patients. The review highlights the potential of yoga as a non-pharmacological treatment option for RA. However, more research is needed to determine the specific type, duration, and frequency of yoga practices that are most effective for RA. [Extracted from the article]

Lignin present in the inner core of natural lignocellulosic fibers is preferably removed for use in the textile industry as it hinders fiber spinnability. This study focuses on integrating the bioprocessing of agro residues and a natural fiber source (coir) for the effective production of lignin‐modifying enzymes while simultaneously softening the natural fibers. The lignin content in the raw fibers (42.17%) could be reduced by 14–31% by treating them with Phanerochaete chrysosporium for 30 days in the presence of agro waste, such as paddy straw, groundnut husk, corn husk, coir pith, sugarcane bagasse, saw dust and coconut leaf. Among the lignocellulosic wastes tested, P. chrysporium‐fermented groundnut husk with coir produced the maximum yield of lignin‐modifying enzymes (lignin peroxidase, 2.05 U mg−1; manganese peroxidase, 7.50 U mg−1; laccase, 0.43 U mL−1), while the tensile strength of the fiber was decreased by 9.9% compared with the raw fiber (110.14 MPa) on 30 days of incubation. Similarly, SB dust demonstrated good lignin‐modifying enzyme activity (lignin peroxidase, −1.57 U mg−1; manganese peroxidase, 8.14 U mg−1; and laccase, 0.35 U mg−1) as well as the tensile strength of the coir also being increased. A reduction in flexural rigidity owing to delignification was observed and hence a minimum 16% increase in softness was achieved in the integrated process. Our study presents an efficient strategy that exploits low‐cost agro residues for enzyme production and generates bio‐softened coir of acceptable quality in the export and domestic markets. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is an underrecognized cause of pulmonary hypertension and fulminant right ventricle failure. It is associated with a high mortality due to delay in diagnosis. We present two cases of PTTM, both diagnosed postmortem, highlighting the importance of timely identification and initiation of treatment for this nearfatal condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a few reports on paraphenylene diamine induced beard dermatitis,[[2]] but to our knowledge, this is the first case report of a beard hair growth oil causing LPP. Beard cosmetics, case report, cosmetics, fragrances, LPP, patch test Keywords: beard cosmetics; case report; cosmetics; fragrances; LPP; patch test EN beard cosmetics case report cosmetics fragrances LPP patch test 130 132 3 07/11/23 20230801 NES 230801 Beard cosmetics are a fast-growing segment of the personal care industry. [Extracted from the article]

A facile, catalyst‐ and solvent‐ free, three‐component reaction was developed for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles at room temperature and under white light. The reaction proceeds via enamine formation between primary amines with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds followed by Michael addition with β‐nitro styrene and subsequent intramolecular cyclization and aromatization to yield 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles in good to excellent yields. Further, the present strategy is highly atom‐economical and environmentally benign. The preliminary in vitro cytotoxic studies on a set of compounds were performed against Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and one of the compounds 4 ac showed significant activity with an IC50 value of 17.82 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content‐based medical image retrieval (CBMIR) is a mechanism to handle a huge quantity of image data generated in various medical imaging modalities. In recent years, due to the evolution of computer vision and digital imaging modalities, a large number of medical images are generated. Consequently, the task of retrieving medical images from a large image database becomes more tedious due to variation in the size and shape of the images. Hence, it is necessary to design an appropriate system for medical image retrieval. In this paper a methodology for CBMIR using features of an image such as colour, shape, and texture is proposed to represent and retrieve the images from a large database that are relevant to a given query image. This methodology is evaluated for the application of retrieving the brain MRI images of different planes (coronal, sagittal, and transverse) from a dataset of normal and demented subjects. The features are determined in terms of Grey level co‐occurrence based Haralik's features and histogram based cumulative distribution function (CDF). The image retrieval mechanism is designed using the K‐Nearest Neighbour algorithm by finding the minimum distance between query and database images. The performance parameters such as precision and recall are calculated. The average accuracy of 95.5% are obtained. The results provided ensures the capability to use it as assistive framework for radiologists in radiology image retrieval and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); pulmonary actinomycosis; sulfur granules EN bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) pulmonary actinomycosis sulfur granules 158 160 3 02/07/23 20230301 NES 230301 The role of a bronchoalveolar lavage sample cell block in the diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. FNAC is usually done for localised mass lesions, especially those mimicking malignancy.[9] Very few cases of pulmonary actinomycosis are diagnosed on cytology, especially on BAL samples when compared to FNAC. A single reported case showed a ball-in-hole appearance on chest X-ray, CT chest, and bronchoscopic examination.[3] Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most commonly performed procedure for the diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. [Extracted from the article]

This study integrates the resource demand and social exchange perspectives and assesses if employer brand, organizational politics, self‐efficacy, and family‐work conflict predict employee engagement. Furthermore, this paper examines the impact of boundary conditions of employee engagement by focusing on exchange ideology and gender. Data were collected using questionnaires from 411 managerial employees working in licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka. The results revealed that employer brand, perceived organizational politics, and self‐efficacy were significantly related to employee engagement. The results, however, did not support the negative relationship between family‐work conflict and employee engagement or the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between family‐work conflict and employee engagement. But, exchange ideology moderated the relationship between employer brand and employee engagement albeit contrary to the hypothesized directions. The implications of this research, possible limitations and directions for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Women with autoimmune diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), often need to continue immunomodulatory therapies during pregnancy. While the evidence of birth and short‐term outcomes in children exposed in utero to these medicines is reassuring, long‐term safety data are lacking. Aim: To assess any association between in utero exposure to thiopurines and diagnoses of chronic diseases (type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease, thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, IBD and asthma) and congenital malformations during childhood and adolescence. Methods: This nationwide cohort study was based on information using Danish registers and comprised all live‐born children from 1995 to 2015 (N = 1 308 778). Children exposed in utero to thiopurines were followed for a median of 8.9 years (25%‐75% percentiles 5.5‐12.4 years); children not exposed were followed for 13.9 years (25%‐75% percentiles 8.7‐19.0 years). Analyses were adjusted for a number of confounders including the type of maternal underlying disease. Results: A total of 1047 children had been exposed to thiopurines in utero; 96 developed a chronic disease and 126 were diagnosed with congenital malformations during follow‐up. The adjusted hazard ratio for rheumatoid arthritis was 0.78 (95% CI 0.35‐1.73); for IBD, it was 1.45 (95% CI 0.64‐3.27); for asthma 0.94 (95% CI 0.73‐1.21), and for congenital malformations, it was 0.95 (95% CI 0.78‐1.15). For type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease, thyroid disease and ulcerative colitis, we had insufficient data to perform adjusted analysis. Conclusion: We found no increased risk of seven common chronic diseases or congenital malformations during childhood and adolescence after gestational exposure to thiopurines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co‐occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss and male infertility has been reported in several instances, suggesting potential shared genetic underpinnings. One such example is the contiguous gene deletion of CATSPER2 and STRC genes, previously associated with deafness‐infertility syndrome (DIS) in males. Fifteen males with both hearing loss and infertility from southern India after exclusion for the DIS contiguous gene deletion and the FOXI1 gene mutations are subjected to exome sequencing. This resolves the genetic etiology in four probands for both the phenotypes; In the remaining 11 probands, two each conclusively accounted for deafness and male infertility etiologies. Genetic heterogeneity is well reflected in both phenotypes. Four recessive (TRIOBP, SLC26A4, GJB2, COL4A3) and one dominant (SOX10) for the deafness; six recessive genes (LRGUK, DNAH9, ARMC4, DNAH2, RSPH6A, and ACE) for male infertility can be conclusively ascribed. LRGUK and RSPH6A genes are implicated earlier only in mice models, while the ARMC4 gene is implicated in chronic destructive airway diseases due to primary ciliary dyskinesia. This study would be the first to document the role of these genes in the male infertility phenotype in humans. The result suggests that deafness and infertility are independent events and do not segregate together among the probands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the thermal conductivity of the fluid in various heat exchange systems plays an important role. In this regard, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their higher thermal conductivity, can enhance the heat transfer potential. The main objective of the present study is to explore the impact of suction and injection on the oscillatory flow of CNT‐based hybrid nanofluid through a channel under the influence of the magnetic field for analysing heat transfer perspectives. While developing a mathematical model of the problem, we also considered other relevant elements, such as thermal radiation for optically thin fluids and porous mediums. The behaviour of a water‐SWCNT + MWCNT hybrid nanofluid is studied concerning the volume fraction of CNTs. The governing flow equations have been solved to obtain the correct solutions for the distribution of velocities and temperatures. Graphs and tables are used to assess the impact of relevant parameters on the flow and derived quantities. Adding CNTs to a fluid reduces its temperature and velocity, making it ideal for cooling systems. However, plates exhibit a maximum heat transfer of 35.35% and 25.35%, respectively, for ϕ1=0.01${\phi }_1 = 0.01$ and ϕ2=0.02${\phi }_2 = 0.02$. The magnetic and constant pressure parameters greatly diminish the fluid's velocity, while the thermal buoyancy forces strengthen the flow. The effectiveness of the current study is confirmed by comparing its results to those from previous investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world has recently experienced one of the biggest and most severe public health disasters with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2). SARS‐CoV‐2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) which is one of the most widespread and powerful infections affecting human lungs. Current figures show that the epidemic had reached 216 nations, where it had killed about 6,438,926 individuals and infected 590,405,710. WHO proclaimed the outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), in 2014 that killed hundreds of people in West Africa. The development of vaccines for SARS‐CoV‐2 becomes more difficult due to the viral mutation in its non‐structural proteins (NSPs) especially NSP2 and NSP3, S protein, and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Continuous monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2, dynamics of the genomic sequence, and spike protein mutations are very important for the successful development of vaccines with good efficacy. Hence, the vaccine development for SARS‐CoV‐2 faces specific challenges starting from viral mutation. The requirement of long‐term immunity development, safety, efficacy, stability, vaccine allocation, distribution, and finally, its cost is discussed in detail. Currently, 169 vaccines are in the clinical development stage, while 198 vaccines are in the preclinical development stage. The majority of these vaccines belong to the Ps—Protein subunit type which has 54, and the minor BacAg‐SPV (Bacterial antigen‐spore expression vector) type, at least 1 vaccination. The use of computational methods and models for vaccine development has revolutionized the traditional methods of vaccine development. Further, this updated review highlights the upcoming vaccine development strategies in response to the current pandemic and post‐pandemic era, in the field of vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung transplant recipients are at an increased risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and those who develop CDI post‐transplant can have worsened outcomes including graft failure and death. We sought to describe the efficacy and safety of primary CDI prophylaxis with oral vancomycin among 86 adult lung transplant recipients. Overall, we observed a 9.3% (8/86) incidence of CDI among patients receiving prophylaxis, with the majority of infections occurring a median of 25 days after completion of prophylaxis. Furthermore, we observed a 4.7% incidence of VRE infection/colonization. Opportunities exist to optimize the duration of CDI prophylaxis to balance the benefits and risks in lung transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on periodontal and cardiac parameters as well as on the expression of calprotectin and periostin levels in periodontitis patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Ninety subjects were categorised into three groups: Group H: periodontally and systemically healthy subjects, Group P: stage III grade B periodontitis subjects with no associated systemic diseases and Group P + CAD: stage III grade B periodontitis subjects diagnosed with CAD. Demographic, periodontal and cardiac parameters were recorded at baseline (0 day) and on the 180th day after NSPT. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from all participants at baseline (0 day) and after the 180th day. Calprotectin and periostin expression were reassessed. Results: A significant increase in the levels of calprotectin (34.05 ± 11.72) was seen at baseline in the P + CAD group, whereas on the contrary, a decreased periostin (1.59 ± 0.41) was also noted at baseline. The study also showed a significant improvement in periodontal and cardiac parameters on the 180th day following NSPT. Conclusion: Detection of calprotectin and periostin expression in GCF samples could represent a link to the association of periodontitis and CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and correlate the serum and GCF levels of omentin with the periodontal status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without periodontitis. Methods: Forty‐four patients were divided into four groups: group H: 11 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects; group P: 11 systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis; group RA: 11 periodontally healthy subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and group RA + P: 11 rheumatoid arthritis subjects with periodontitis. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded and serum and GCF samples were collected for the estimation of omentin using ELISA. Results: The mean value of plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were significantly higher whereas serum and GCF omentin levels were found to be decreased in group IV when compared to the other groups. The significant correlation was found between the serum and GCF omentin levels with all the periodontal parameters. Conclusion: The omentin level in serum and GCF was found to be lower in RA patients with periodontitis. It is also inversely correlated with the periodontal parameters. Thus, omentin can serve as a significant diagnostic and therapeutic tool in both periodontal and rheumatoid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Given the degenerative nature of the condition, people living with motor neuron disease (MND) experience high levels of psychological distress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the cost‐effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), adapted for the specific needs of this population, for improving quality of life.A trial‐based cost–utility analysis over a 9‐month period was conducted comparing ACT plus usual care (n = 97) versus usual care alone (n = 94) from the perspective of the National Health Service. In the primary analysis, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were computed using health utilities generated from the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were also carried out.Difference in costs was statistically significant between the two arms, driven mainly by the intervention costs. Effects measured by EQ‐5D‐5L were not statistically significantly different between the two arms. The incremental cost‐effectiveness was above the £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY gained threshold used in the UK. However, the difference in effects was statistically significant when measured by the McGill Quality of Life‐Revised (MQOL‐R) questionnaire. The intervention was cost‐effective in a subgroup experiencing medium deterioration in motor neuron symptoms.Despite the intervention being cost‐ineffective in the primary analysis, the significant difference in the effects measured by MQOL‐R, the low costs of the intervention, the results in the subgroup analysis, and the fact that ACT was shown to improve the quality of life for people living with MND, suggest that ACT could be incorporated into MND clinical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are an aggressive molecular subtype of breast carcinoma (BC) identified by the lack of receptor expression for estrogen, progesterone, & human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2. Lack of tangible drug targets warrants further research in TNBC. LIV1, is a zinc (Zn) transporter known to be overexpressed in few cancer types including BCs. Recently, in the United States of America, FDA approved the use of a new drug targeting LIV1, antibody drug conjugate SGN‐LIV1A for treatment of TNBC patients. Though LIV1 also has a role in modulating immune cells by its differential transport of Zn, a correlation between the tumor cell expression of LIV1 and immune cell infiltrations were scantily reported. Further adequate baseline data on LIV1 expression in other populations have not been documented. Our objective was to screen a large Indian cohort of TNBC patient samples for LIV1, categorize the immune cell infiltration using CD4/CD8 expression and correlate the findings with therapy outcomes. Further, we also investigated for LIV1 expression in matched samples of primary & secondary tumors; pre & postchemotherapy in TNBC patients. Results showed an elevated expression of LIV1 in TNBC samples as compared to adjacent normal, the mean Q scores being 183.06 ± 6.39 and 120.78 ± 7.37 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Similarly, LIV1 levels were elevated in secondary tumors than primary & in patient samples postchemotherapy as compared to naïve. In the TNBC cohort, using automated method, cell morphology parameters were computed and analysis showed LIV1 levels were elevated in grade 3 TNBC samples presenting with altered cell morphology parameters namely cell size, cell perimeter, & nucleus size. Thus indicating LIV1 expressing TNBC samples portrayed an aggressive phenotype. Finally, TNBC patients with 3+ staining intensity showed poor survival (4.44 year) as compared to patients with 2+ LIV1 expression (5.47 year), emphasizing that LIV1 expression is a poor prognostic factor in TNBC. In conclusion, the study reports elevated expression of LIV1 in a large Indian TNBC cohort; high expression is a poor prognostic factor and correlated with aggressive disease and indicating the need for LIV1 targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the hobnail subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), a rare and aggressive variant of the disease. It provides a case study of a 54-year-old female with this subtype, documenting the associated histopathological and cytomorphological features. The article emphasizes the difficulty in diagnosing this subtype and highlights the importance of recognizing it for appropriate surgical management and follow-up. This is the second reported case of this subtype in the Indian population. There is no funding or conflict of interest associated with this work. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with recurrent painful tongue ulcers over a period of two years. The diagnosis was determined to be eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa (EUOM), a rare and self-limiting condition that commonly occurs on the tongue. The exact cause of EUOM is unknown, but it is believed to be traumatic in origin. The patient was treated with topical and oral corticosteroids, resulting in complete healing without recurrence. The article provides a detailed discussion of the clinical presentation, histopathology, and treatment options for EUOM. [Extracted from the article]

The presence of well‐formed granulomas, multinucleated giant cells containing colloid, and degenerative changes in thyroid follicular epithelium are the key diagnostic features of granulomatous (subacute, de Quervain's) thyroiditis. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a confirmatory test that is helpful in cases without any clinical suspicion and to exclude differential diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrulation is a stage in embryo development where three germ layers arise to dictate the human body plan. In vitro models of gastrulation have been demonstrated by treating pluripotent stem cells with soluble morphogens to trigger differentiation. However, in vivo gastrulation is a multistage process coordinated through feedback between soluble gradients and biophysical forces, with the multipotent epiblast transforming to the primitive streak followed by germ layer segregation. Here, the authors show how constraining pluripotent stem cells to hydrogel islands triggers morphogenesis that mirrors the stages preceding in vivo gastrulation, without the need for exogenous supplements. Within hours of initial seeding, cells display a contractile phenotype at the boundary, which leads to enhanced proliferation, yes‐associated protein (YAP) translocation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and emergence of SRY‐box transcription factor 17 (SOX17)+ T/BRACHYURY+ cells. Molecular profiling and pathway analysis reveals a role for mechanotransduction‐coupled wingless‐type (WNT) signaling in orchestrating differentiation, which bears similarities to processes observed in whole organism models of development. After two days, the colonies form multilayered aggregates, which can be removed for further growth and differentiation. This approach demonstrates how materials alone can initiate gastrulation, thereby providing in vitro models of development and a tool to support organoid bioengineering efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Measures for mitigation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) were set to reduce the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses share similar transmission routes and some common clinical manifestations. Co‐circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other common respiratory viruses is imminent. Therefore, development of multiplex assays for detecting these respiratory viruses is essential for being prepared for future outbreaks of respiratory viruses. Methods: A panel of three reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT‐ddPCR) assays were developed to detect 15 different human respiratory viruses. Evaluations of its performance were demonstrated. A total of 100 local and 98 imported COVID‐19 cases in Hong Kong were screened for co‐infection with other common respiratory viruses. Results: All detected viral targets showed distinct signal clusters using the multiplex RT‐ddPCR assays. These assays have a broad range of linearity and good intra‐/inter‐assay reproducibility for each target. The lower limits of quantification for all targets were ≤46 copies per reaction. Six imported cases of COVID‐19 were found to be co‐infected with other respiratory viruses, whereas no local case of co‐infection was observed. Conclusions: The multiplex RT‐ddPCR assays were demonstrated to be useful for screening of respiratory virus co‐infections. The strict preventive measures applied in Hong Kong may be effective in limiting the circulation of other human respiratory viruses. The multiplex assays developed in this study can achieve a robust detection method for clinical and research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vaccine preventable diseases can affect solid organ transplant recipients post‐transplant. Therefore, the administration of vaccines and assessment of serologic response should be prioritized in the pre‐transplant period. Methods: This single‐center, retrospective study included 349 adult heart or lung transplant candidates between December 1, 2017 and November 30, 2019. We describe vaccination or serologic status for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, tetanus, pneumococcal, influenza, and other recommended vaccinations among heart or lung transplant candidates. Results: Eighty‐two heart transplant candidates (91%) and 77 lung transplant candidates (30%) received an ID consult prior to transplant. More patients completed the pneumococcal series (66.7% vs. 28.6%, P =.045) in the heart transplant group that received an ID consult. In the lung transplant group, patients with an ID consult demonstrated higher rates of immunity to hepatitis A (84.4% vs. 72.9%, P =.047), hepatitis B (75.3% vs. 56.9%, P =.005), and measles (71.4% vs. 52.5%, P =.005) compared to those without. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the value of consulting ID and administering vaccinations in the early evaluation phase, prior to transplant listing. Opportunities remain to better optimize vaccination rates prior to transplant in heart and lung transplant candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dermoscopic details of amyloidosis are sparse, especially in skin of colour.1,2 The study aimed to delineate the dermoscopic features of PCA. It comprises papular or lichen amyloidosis (LA), macular amyloidosis (MA) and rare nodular amyloidosis. Keywords: amyloidosis; dermatoscopy; dermoscopy; pigmentation; primary cutaneous; skin of colour EN amyloidosis dermatoscopy dermoscopy pigmentation primary cutaneous skin of colour 370 374 5 08/28/21 20210801 NES 210801 INTRODUCTION Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is characterised by the localised extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The cutaneous features of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE) can be confused with other dermatoses. The dermoscopic features of ACLE have rarely been reported. Aims: We aimed to study the dermoscopic features of ACLE, malar rash, and generalized ACLE. Materials and Methods: The dermoscopic features of all biopsy and direct immunofluorescence confirmed ACLE cases were analysed retrospectively between May 2019 and May 2020. Results: A total of 21 patients with skin phototypes III, IV, or V were included in the analysis. A pinkish‐white to reddish‐white homogenous area (94.1%), brown dots, globules and peppering (76.4%), and keratotic follicular plugging (64.7%) were the common dermoscopic features observed in the case of generalized ACLE. Similarly, in the case of malar rash, a pinkish‐white to reddish‐white homogenous area (77.8%) was the most common dermoscopic feature, followed by keratotic follicular plugging (66.7%), scales (44.5%), and brown dots, globules, and peppering (44.5%). In both variants, vascular structures were dominated by linear vessels with or without branching. Conclusions: A multicomponent pattern comprising white scales, homogenous pinkish‐white to the reddish‐white area, brown dots/globules/peppering, keratotic follicular plugging, and linear vessels with or without branching were the common dermoscopic features observed in our study and may indicate the diagnosis of both localized and generalized ACLE. In addition, a paucity of dotted vessels may serve as an additional clue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dear Editor, A 54-year-old woman with skin phototype IV had a slow-growing pigmented lesion over the inner lower quadrant of the left breast since 6 months. In the index case, the CD34 negativity may be due to a different clone (EP88).6 In conclusion, this report describes the clinico-dermoscopic features of pigmented trichilemmoma in a patient with dark skin that mimics other pigmented tumours. A discontinuous or absent basement membrane can be due to low cellular differentiation or inflammatory cells that degrade the basement membrane.4 In our case, the dense lymphocyte infiltration was probably responsible for the absent basement membrane. [Extracted from the article]

All the patients satisfied the SLICC criteria for the diagnosis of SLE. Although the diagnosis of a generalized form of ACLE is usually straightforward, it can rarely pose a diagnostic difficulty as a result of its resemblance to drug rash, viral exanthem, polymorphous light eruption, and photo-exacerbated dermatosis like atopic and seborrheic dermatitis. Dear Editor, Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE) is well known to occur in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [Extracted from the article]

Guttate hypopigmented macules and flat-topped papules pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple guttate hypo-to-depigmented atrophic macules and flat-topped papules on the perioral area, bilateral hands, arms, feet, and lower legs (Fig. Keywords: dermoscopy; Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus; photosensitivity disorders EN dermoscopy Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus photosensitivity disorders 135 136 2 02/24/22 20220201 NES 220201 A 38-year-old woman presented with multiple itchy hypopigmented lesions on the face, upper and lower extremities for six months. [Extracted from the article]