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Summary The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification is crucial for plant development and stress responses. In rice, the male sterility resulting from the deficiency of OsFIP37, a core component of m6A methyltransferase complex, emphasizes the significant role of m6A in male fertility. m6A is reversible and can be removed by m6A demethylases. However, whether mRNA m6A demethylase regulates male fertility in rice has remained unknown. Here, we identify the mRNA m6A demethylase OsALKBH9 and demonstrate its involvement in male fertility regulation. Knockout of OsALKBH9 causes male sterility, dependent on its m6A demethylation activity. Cytological analysis reveals defective tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and excessive accumulation of microspores exine in Osalkbh9‐1. Transcriptome analysis of anthers shows up‐regulation of genes involved in tapetum development, sporopollenin synthesis, and transport pathways in Osalkbh9‐1. Additionally, we demonstrate that OsALKBH9 demethylates the m6A modification in TDR and GAMYB transcripts, which affects the stability of these mRNAs and ultimately leads to excessive accumulation of pollen exine. Our findings highlight the precise control of mRNA m6A modification and reveal the pivotal roles played by OsALKBH9‐mediated m6A demethylation in tapetal PCD and pollen exine accumulation in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hafnia‐based ceramic coating is considered one of the candidates to substitute yttria partially stabilized zirconia material as thermal barrier coating working above 1200°C. In this work, a series of TiO2‐doped HfO2 ceramics (Hf1–xTixO2, x = 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 40%) were fabricated by solid‐state reaction. The microstructure, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivity were systematically investigated. The results show that Hf1–xTixO2 ceramics are comprised of monoclinic HfO2 and orthorhombic HfTiO4 phases when Ti4+ doping amount is between 5% and 20%, and the weight fraction of HfTiO4 phase linearly increases with the Ti4+ content and finally reaches 100% for Hf0.6Ti0.4O2. The fracture toughness of TiO2‐doped HfO2 ceramic is higher than 1.75 MPa m.5 when TiO2 content is no more than 15% and decreases below 1.5 MPa m0.5 if TiO2 content further increases. The thermal conductivity is significantly decreased by TiO2 doping attributed to the precipitated HfTiO4 phase. Considering the mechanical properties and thermal insulation capacity, the doping of 15% TiO2 would be beneficial for the HfO2‐based ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In recent years, a series of clinical guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia have been developed in different countries and regions. This systematic review was aimed at providing evidence for clinical decision‐making and providing ideas for future research by comparatively analyzing the contents of various guidelines. Methods: A multilateral approach was used, including comprehensive literature searches and online research. The retrieved studies were screened by two independent reviewers according to our inclusion criteria. The two reviewers independently extracted the descriptive data. Four appraisers assessed the guidelines using the AGREE‐II instrument. Results: Ten clinical guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia were included, with a mean score of 45.28%–83.45% in six domains. The guidelines are relatively consistent in their recommendations on clinical symptoms of neonatal hypoglycemia, but different in risk factors, preventive measures, thresholds for clinical management of hypoglycemia, target glucose ranges for its control, and pharmacotherapy. Conclusion: By summarising the recommendations in the guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia, we found that blood glucose values were not the only observational indicator, and other indicators (e.g., ketone bodies, lactate) related to glucose metabolism should also be considered for a comprehensive assessment. There is still a lack of consensus on thresholds for the clinical management of hypoglycemia and target glucose ranges for its control, and the recommendations on its pharmacotherapy are rather simple and sketchy. In the future, more high‐quality studies are required to further improve the early identification of neonatal hypoglycemia and intervention strategies against it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With their high specific modulus, high specific strength and designability, fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have replaced or surpassed traditional metallic materials in a wide range of applications. However, the polymer matrix of commonly used FRP composites is usually a thermosetting polymer that is difficult to rework once formed, which implants a substantial challenge for the repair and recycling of composites. Self‐repair, as an emerging method of repairing polymer‐based materials, has the advantages of simplification, high efficiency and repeatability against traditional repair methods. Research on self‐healing polymer materials is developing rapidly and becoming more systematic. With the development of self‐healing polymer, polymer‐based composites with self‐healing capabilities are becoming possible. This paper reviews the current development of self‐healing polymers in recent years, with specific emphasis on their applications in FRP composites. According to the difference in healing mechanisms, the self‐healing polymer composites are split into two categories, intrinsic and extrinsic ones. The essential concepts and different types of intrinsic and extrinsic self‐healing composites are first introduced. Then, their pros and cons are discussed, respectively. Finally, the perspectives of intrinsic as well as extrinsic self‐healing FRP composites are put forward. Highlights: Development of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.Extrinsic and intrinsic self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.Pros and cons of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.Perspectives of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a manganese‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of secondary alcohols, primary alcohols and methanol for the synthesis of β,β‐methylated/alkylated secondary alcohols. Using our method, a series of 1‐arylethanol, benzyl alcohol derivatives, and methanol undergo sequential coupling efficiently to construct assembled alcohols with high chemoselectivity in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via methylation of a benzylated secondary alcohol intermediate to generate the final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a manganese‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of secondary alcohols, primary alcohols and methanol for the synthesis of β,β‐methylated/alkylated secondary alcohols. Using our method, a series of 1‐arylethanol, benzyl alcohol derivatives, and methanol undergo sequential coupling efficiently to construct assembled alcohols with high chemoselectivity in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via methylation of a benzylated secondary alcohol intermediate to generate the final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mRNA modification N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays vital roles in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH9B can remove m6A in alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and plays roles in alfalfa mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis. However, it is unknown whether ALKBH9B also exhibits demethylation activity and has a biological role in endogenous plant mRNA. We demonstrated here that mRNA m6A modification is induced by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and that ALKBH9B has m6A demethylation activity on endogenous mRNA. Knocking out ALKBH9B led to hypersensitivity to ABA treatment during seed germination and early seedling development. We further showed that ALKBH9B removes the m6A modification in the ABA INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1) and BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) transcripts following ABA treatment, affecting the stability of these mRNAs. Furthermore, we determined that ALKBH9B acts genetically upstream of the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5, and its regulatory function in ABA responses depended on ABI3 and ABI5. Our findings reveal the important roles of the m6A modification in ABA responses and highlight the role of ALKBH9B‐mediated m6A demethylation in regulating ABA responses post‐transcriptionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light interaction physical properties of MXenes are fundamentally important and promising for developing new broadband photodetection applications. In this work, the significant influence of intercalants on the photo‐electronic properties of MXenes is studied. It is found that the intercalated H2O‐induced inter‐flake resistance greatly restricts the photon excitation responsivity of Ti3C2Tx, resulting in a slow and irreversible resistance change under laser irradiation. After deintercalation of H2O by in situ laser writing, the resistance of Ti3C2Tx responds fast and reversibly to laser excitation and the variation range is proportional to laser power. By extending the findings to another MXene member, Mo2TiC2, the intercalant induced resistance is successfully developed for optoelectronic detection. By selectively deintercalating H2O in the as‐prepared Mo2TiC2 which is co‐intercalated by H2O and TMAOH, bare TMAOH intercalated Mo2TiC2 shows fast and reversible resistance changes with laser. Moreover, the resistance of bare TMAOH intercalated Mo2TiC2 shows a negative temperature coefficient behavior while the fully deintercalated Ti3C2Tx shows a positive temperature behavior. These findings elucidate the understanding of the optoelectronic properties of MXenes and provide insights into the engineering of interfacial chemistry of MXenes for performance enhancement toward various detectors/sensors beyond optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Two factors are proposed to account for the unusual features of organellar genomes: the disruptions of organelle‐targeted DNA replication, repair, and recombination (DNA‐RRR) systems in the nuclear genome and repetitive elements in organellar genomes. Little is known about how these factors affect organellar genome evolution. The deep‐branching vascular plant family Selaginellaceae is known to have a deficient DNA‐RRR system and convergently evolved organellar genomes. However, we found that the plastid genome (plastome) of Selaginella sinensis has extremely accelerated substitution rates, a low GC content, pervasive repeat elements, a dynamic network structure, and it lacks direct or inverted repeats. Unexpectedly, its organelle DNA‐RRR system is short of a plastid‐targeted Recombinase A1 (RecA1) and a mitochondrion‐targeted RecA3, in line with other explored Selaginella species. The plastome contains a large collection of short‐ and medium‐sized repeats. Given the absence of RecA1 surveillance, we propose that these repeats trigger illegitimate recombination, accelerated mutation rates, and structural instability. The correlations between repeat quantity and architectural complexity in the Selaginella plastomes support these conclusions. We, therefore, hypothesize that the interplay of the deficient DNA‐RRR system and the high repeat content has led to the extraordinary divergence of the S. sinensis plastome. Our study not only sheds new light on the mechanism of plastome divergence by emphasizing the power of cytonuclear integration, but it also reconciles the longstanding contradiction on the effects of DNA‐RRR system disruption on genome structure evolution. Significance Statement: We hypothesize that the interplay of the deficient DNA replication, repair, and recombination system and the high repeat content has led to the extraordinary divergence of the Selaginella sinensis plastome. Our study not only sheds new light on the mechanism of plastome divergence by emphasizing the power of cytonuclear integration, but it also reconciles the longstanding contradiction on the effects of DNA replication, repair, and recombination system disruption on genome structure evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are congenital cleft facial deformities that are abnormal developments caused by errors in the fusion process of the embryo's face. Surgery is an important treatment, but postoperative scars will still cause psychological shadows to patients. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) in preventing and treating postoperative CL/P scars and improving scar quality. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant trials. All relevant trials were performed before June 30, 2021. The data were entered into Revman 5.3 software, and a meta‐analysis was conducted by using the random‐effects model or fixed‐effects model. Results: Four randomized controlled trials involving 161 cases were included. Through quantitative analysis, BTXA showed significant differences in preventing and treating postoperative CL/P scars in terms of scar width (MD: −0.20; [95% CI, −0.30, –0.10], p < 0.0001) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (MD: 1.30; [95% CI, 1.06, 1.55], p < 0.0001), although no significant difference was noted on the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) (MD: −0.75; [95% CI, −1.68, 0.19], p = 0.12) between the two groups. Conclusion: In preventing and treating postoperative CL/P scar hypertrophy, we found that BTXA injection can show better results. There was no statistically significant difference between the results after omitting Navarro's study or Chang's study because of the time of injection—before/during surgery or adult CL/P scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeleton‐based action recognition is an inspired yet challenging task in computer vision. Recently, the latest graph convolutional network (GCN), which generalises well‐established convolutional neural networks to non‐Euclidean structures, is proven to be highly successful for action recognition from body skeleton data. However, the GCN architecture has not been fully studied. In this work, a Fisher vector (FV) encoding based GCN architecture (FV‐GCN) is proposed, which exceeds the limitations of existing GCN‐based methods by combining the GCN model with FV encoding. A channel‐wise spatial–temporal aggregation function to preserve spatial–temporal information in the whole action clip and integrate it into the FV‐GCN architecture is also presented. Since FV is different from the GCN structure, this hybrid architecture that incorporates the advantages of both algorithms can discover complementary information of feature representation effectively. On two challenging human action datasets, kinetics, and NTU‐RGBD, improved performance is demonstrated over the baseline method, and the FV‐GCN is better or comparable to some state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of machine learning methods to predict intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. IVH is a common complication of preterm birth and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study used electronic medical records and antenatal data to develop a predictive model for IVH. The model achieved good accuracy and stability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88. The study identified several important risk factors for IVH, including gestational age, birth weight, hepatitis B and C infection, and red cell distribution width. However, the study has limitations, including being a single-center study and potential selection bias. Further research is needed to validate and improve the predictive model. [Extracted from the article]

The role played by phytohormones in insect galls and the mechanisms underlying plant manipulation by gall makers are still unclear.Galls made by Leptocybe invasa on two Eucalyptus species were sampled, the correlations between the levels of nine phytohormones in galls and gall size were analysed, and phytohormone levels in the interior and exterior tissues of galls and L. invasa were determined.During two larval stages, the levels of three forms of cytokinins (CKs) in the galls of the two plant species all showed significantly positive correlations with gall size. Brassinosteroids (BRs) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) occurred at significantly higher levels in the interior tissues of the galls compared to in the exterior tissues of galls. Isopentenyl adenosine (IPA) was significantly higher in L. invasa larvae themselves, compared to levels in the interior and exterior tissues of galls. However, the levels of DHZR and BR were significantly lower or similar in the L. invasa pupae compared to that in the interior and exterior tissues of the galls.These findings indicate that phytohormones, especially CKs, act as key regulators of L. invasa galls, and that the larvae of L. invasa may themselves be a source of CKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide (NiOX) has a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of p‐i‐n inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which hold great potential for commercialization. However, improving contact passivation between perovskites and NiOX is a challenge due to a hindered buried interface. In order to address this issue, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are introduced as a buffer layer to prevent direct contact and non‐radiative recombination. While, the large dipole moment of SAMs increases the work function of NiOX, which is crucial for enhancing hole transport performance, given the low interfacial potential barrier for hole transfer. By a combination of the first‐principles calculations, drive‐level capacitance profiling, and transient absorption spectrum characterization, the understanding of the ion‐dipole interactions and interface passivation mechanism of potassium fluoride (KF) ultra‐thin buffer layer between SAMs and perovskites is provided. The efficiency of inverted PSCs as high as 23.25% is obtained, and the unencapsulated devices kept 90% of initial efficiency following 1400 h aging under nitrogen, which demonstrate remarkable long‐term stability as well. This novel strategy highlights the significance of SAMs dipole moment at the NiOX/perovskites interface and provides a new approach to address buried interfaces for high‐efficiency and long‐term stability in inverted PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) plays a pivotal role in cellular death and immune activation. A deeper understanding of the impact of tumour MOMP on immunity will aid in guiding more effective immunotherapeutic strategies. Methods: A comprehensive pan‐cancer dataset comprising 30 cancer‐type transcriptomic cohorts, 20 immunotherapy transcriptomic cohorts and three immunotherapy scRNA‐seq datasets was collected and analysed to determine the influence of tumour MOMP activity on clinical prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy effectiveness. Leveraging 65 scRNA‐Seq datasets, the MOMP signature (MOMP.Sig) was developed to accurately reflect tumour MOMP activity. The clinical predictive value of MOMP.Sig was explored through machine learning models. Integration of the MOMP.Sig model and a pan‐cancer immunotherapy CRISPR screen further investigated potential targets to overcome immunotherapy resistance, which subsequently underwent clinical validation. Results: Our research revealed that elevated MOMP activity reduces mortality risk in cancer patients, drives the formation of an anti‐tumour immune environment and enhances the response to immunotherapy. This finding emphasises the potential clinical application value of MOMP activity in immunotherapy. MOMP.Sig, offering a more precise indicator of tumour cell MOMP activity, demonstrated outstanding predictive efficacy in machine‐learning models. Moreover, with the assistance of the MOMP.Sig model, FOXO1 was identified as a core modulator that promotes immune resistance. Finally, these findings were successfully validated in clinical immunotherapy cohorts of skin cutaneous melanoma and triple‐negative breast cancer patients. Conclusions: This study enhances our understanding of MOMP activity in immune modulation, providing valuable insights for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies across diverse tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Floral patterns are unique to rice and contribute significantly to its reproductive success. SL1 encodes a C2H2 transcription factor that plays a critical role in flower development in rice, but the molecular mechanism regulated by it remains poorly understood. Here, we describe interactions of the SL1 with floral homeotic genes, SPW1, and DL in specifying floral organ identities and floral meristem fate. First, the sl1 spw1 double mutant exhibited a stamen‐to‐pistil transition similar to that of sl1, spw1, suggesting that SL1 and SPW1 may located in the same pathway regulating stamen development. Expression analysis revealed that SL1 is located upstream of SPW1 to maintain its high level of expression and that SPW1, in turn, activates the B‐class genes OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 to suppress DL expression indirectly. Secondly, sl1 dl displayed a severe loss of floral meristem determinacy and produced amorphous tissues in the third/fourth whorl. Expression analysis revealed that the meristem identity gene OSH1 was ectopically expressed in sl1 dl in the fourth whorl, suggesting that SL1 and DL synergistically terminate the floral meristem fate. Another meristem identity gene, FON1, was significantly decreased in expression in sl1 background mutants, suggesting that SL1 may directly activate its expression to regulate floral meristem fate. Finally, molecular evidence supported the direct genomic binding of SL1 to SPW1 and FON1 and the subsequent activation of their expression. In conclusion, we present a model to illustrate the roles of SL1, SPW1, and DL in floral organ specification and regulation of floral meristem fate in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search for a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene, it is still a challenge to develop a system that simultaneously possesses superior catalytic activity and selectivity under aerobic conditions. Herein, we report the use of perovskite LaSrCoFeO6 (LSCF) as a heterogeneous and visible‐light catalyst, and determine that LSCF acts as a highly efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene under aerobic conditions. The formation of 1O2 species transformed from O2⋅− species were proposed as reactive oxygen species for the epoxidation of styrene over the LSCF catalyst, where the directional generation of O2⋅− species on the LSCF catalyst is the key step to yield highly selective epoxidation of styrene. The experimental results of styrene epoxidation show that when the molar ratio of styrene and LSCF catalyst is 150 : 1 and the reaction is under the conditions of visible light (440 nm) and 100 °C for 6 h, the conversion of styrene and selectivity of styrene oxide reached 99.9 % and 80.3 %, respectively. The reaction rate over LSCF catalyst is as high as 50 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1. In addition, the reaction kinetics of the epoxidation of styrene over LSCF catalyst was systematically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multilevel encoding (MLE) scheme is an effective method for improving the anticounterfeiting encryption capabilities of physically unclonable functions (PUFs). However, owing to the correlation between encoding layers, the encoding capacity (EC) is difficult to improve by orders of magnitude. Herein, four noncorrelated structures in the diamond crystal structure (carbon–carbon single bond, defect luminescence structures, spin structures, and electron energy distribution structures) are considered for MLE. First, the microdiamonds containing nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) color centers are embedded into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate PUFs. Using an optical imaging system, four codable images of four noncorrelated structures are read. The noncorrelation of the four‐level encoding structure is verified by calculating the Hamming distance (0.496 ± 0.02). The results show that EC exponentially improves to 24×10 000/(100 pixels)2. Furthermore, the encoding method based on the energy level does not depend on physical structure parameters, such as the size and position of the spin structure. Thus, it is protected from structural modeling attacks, resulting in high security. Moreover, PUF labels based on PDMS flexible substrates can be employed for various flexible applications. In the proposed scheme, the information is encrypted by a four‐level two‐dimensional (2D) barcode and decoded by self‐developed PUF authentication software. The proposed scheme presents a way for developing next‐generation PUFs with super‐high EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various forms of programmed cell death (PCD) exhibit distinct characteristics depending on their specific molecular mechanisms, and there are interactions among these different forms. Ferroptosis, which is related to autophagy and apoptosis, has an unknown potential interaction with pyroptosis. This study revealed a mutually antagonistic relationship between ferroptosis and pyroptosis, with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) playing a key role in their interaction. It is found that HMGCR predominantly localized to mitochondria during ferroptosis but shifted to the endoplasmic reticulum following treatment with a pyroptosis inducer. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that BRCC36 (BRCA1/BRCA2‐containing complex subunit 36) deubiquitinated HMGCR in a manner dependent on deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity, and inhibited ferroptosis and promoted pyroptosis. Moreover, as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), BRCC36 promoted cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Thiolutin, an inhibitor of BRCC36, effectively suppressed the interaction between BRCC36 and HMGCR, leading to the inhibition of HCC growth. Therefore, targeting BRCC36 can offer a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment. In conclusion, these findings provide new theoretical evidence for further characterizing tumor heterogeneity and offer new molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficacy and safety of the novel immunotherapy method, intra‐cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT), need to be investigated. Comparing it with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), we clarified the long‐term efficacy and safety of intra‐cervical lymphatic immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis (AR), and investigated the improvement of clinical efficacy of the booster injection at 1 year after ICLIT treatment. Methods: Ninety adult patients with dust mite allergy were randomly divided into 3 groups: 30 in the SCIT group, 30 in the ILCLIT group, and 30 in ICLIT booster group. Changes in total symptom score (TSS), nasal symptom score (TNSS), ocular symptom score (TOSS) and total medication score (TMS) were evaluated in the three groups. Adverse reactions were recorded, and serum dust mite specific IgE (sIgE) and specific IgG4 were assessed in the ICLIT group and ICLIT booster group. Results: TSS, TNSS, TOSS, and TMS scores were significantly lower in the three groups at 36 months after treatment (p < 0. 05). And at 36 months the ICLIT‐booster group showed results similar to SCIT and superior to ICLIT (p < 0. 05). Serum specific IgE decreased in all three groups at 12 and 36 months after treatment, p < 0.01. The ICLIT group and the ICLIT booster group showed a significant increase in sIgG4, p < 0.01. None of the patients in the three groups had any serious systemic adverse effects during the 3‐year follow‐up. Conclusion: The ICLIT treatment is effective and safe on AR. One booster injection of allergens at 1 year can greatly improve its long‐term efficacy. Trial Registry: Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800017130. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer‐based pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered considerable interest, among which RTP systems with prolonged lifetimes and tunable emission colors are promising for applications in sensing, flexible electronics, bioassay, anti‐counterfeiting, and data encryption. Herein, facile doping method is reported based on two types of copolymers with benzene/biphenyl‐based light‐emitting cores as their side chains, whereby the two copolymers are robustly crosslinked via noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding that occur between the light‐emitting cores and polyacrylamide backbones. Persistent RTP emission with prolonged lifetime up to 1.9 s and phosphorescence quantum yield as high as 40.1% are obtained in single copolymers, attributed to the conformation restriction of phosphorescent dyes originating from the rigid microenvironment. Furthermore, multicolor phosphorescence signals are observed in the doped binary luminescent copolymer systems that can be effectively regulated by the feed ratio of luminescent cores and irradiation wavelengths. Possible mechanisms for this efficient and long‐lived color‐tunable RTP system are discussed on the basis of the experimental data and theoretical calculations. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the color‐tunable RTP emission of the doped copolymer systems under ambient conditions allows for further exploitation in the application of dynamic information encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lung has a sophisticated microbiome, and respiratory illnesses are greatly influenced by the lung microbiota. Despite the fact that numerous studies have shown that lung cancer patients have a dysbiosis as compared to healthy people, more research is needed to explore the association between the microbiota dysbiosis and immune profile within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: In this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing of tumor and normal tissues from 61 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and six patients with other lung diseases. In order to characterize the impact of the microbes in TME, the cytokine concentrations of 24 lung tumor and normal tissues were detected using a multiple cytokine panel. Results: Our results showed that tumors had lower microbiota diversity than the paired normal tissues, and the microbiota of NSCLC was enriched in Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL‐8, MIF, TNF‐ α, and so on, were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues. Conclusion: We discovered a subset of bacteria linked to host inflammatory signaling pathways and, more precisely, to particular immune cells. We determined that lower airway microbiome dysbiosis may be linked to the disruption of the equilibrium of the immune system causing lung inflammation. The spread of lung cancer may be linked to specific bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a frequency measurement method for spatial microwave signals with solid‐state atom resonance, performing measurements based on the burnt hole in spectrum with two microwave fields acting on nitrogen vacancies (NVs) simultaneously. The population on |0⟩ of the NV color center in the ground state affected by the resonance of two microwave fields with similar frequencies responds excellently to external microwave frequencies, and a phenomenon named hole burning occurs. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the resonant peak at the hole is 18.9 kHz. When microwaves of different frequencies are applied, the resonant peak precisely follows the signal frequency in the experiment. Subsequently, the resonant peak is processed using the differential method to obtain a frequency measurement error on the order of 100 Hz. The spatial resolution of this method is within the millimeter scale. This study can provide technical support for applications in microwave frequency measurement and spatial mapping with quantum precision measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fragile bottom side of perovskite films is demonstrated to be harmful to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the carrier extraction and recombination can be significantly influenced by the easily formed strain, voids, and defects on the bottom side. Nevertheless, the bottom side of perovskite films is usually overlooked because it remains a challenge to directly characterize and modify the bottom side. Herein, a facile and effective strategy is reported to stabilize the bottom side via preburying cesium formate (CsFo) into the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL). It is found that the synergistic effect of cesium cation (Cs+) and formate anion (HCOO−) causes strain relaxation, void elimination, and defects' reduction, which further facilitate the charge extraction. Consequently, the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of formamidinium (FA)‐based PSCs is increased from 23.34% to 24.50%. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet (UV), thermal, and operational stability are also enhanced. Finally, formamidinium–cesium (FACs)‐based PSCs are investigated to confirm the effectiveness of this preburied CsFo strategy, and the optimal device exhibits a champion PCE of 25.03% and a remarkably high fill factor (FF) of 85.65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, which is important in noninvasive respiratory support, is increasingly being used in critically ill neonates with respiratory failure because it is comfortable, easy to setup, and has a low incidence of nasal trauma. The advantages, indications, and risks of HFNC have been the focus of research in recent years, resulting in the development of the application. Based on current evidence, we developed guidelines for HFNC in neonates using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The guidelines were formulated after extensive consultations with neonatologists, respiratory therapists, nurse specialists, and evidence‐based medicine experts. We have proposed 24 recommendations for 9 key questions. The guidelines aim to be a source of evidence and reference of HFNC oxygen therapy in clinical practice, and so that more neonates and their families will benefit from HFNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) with a high‐quality factor and large coupling spectrum width can enhance the interaction of matter and lightwave by several orders of magnitude in a large bandwidth range. The performance of the resonator determines the accuracy and range of terahertz (THz) sensing. However, the quality factors of the reported THz WGMRs are highly limited by the high absorption loss of materials within THz spectral range. The coupling spectrum width is usually limited by the coupling structure. In this paper, an on‐chip THz whispering gallery mode resonator based on multislot waveguide and gradual coupling structure is proposed. By increasing the evanescent field of guided wave mode, the absorption loss in the resonator is significantly reduced. Through gradual coupling structure, resonance curves are more uniform within a wide spectrum. The simulation results show that the structure can improve the instinct quality factor of the THz resonator to the order of 104 $1{0}^{4}$ when the bending radius is as small as 2mm. At the same time, sensitivity is increased by more than six times and uniform resonance curves are achieved from 0.45~0.55 $0.45\unicode{x0007E}0.55$THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Genetic testing plays an important role in guiding screening, diagnosis, and precision treatment of breast cancer (BC). However, the appropriate genetic testing criteria remain controversial. The current study aims to facilitate the development of suitable strategies by analyzing the germline mutational profiles and clinicopathological features of large‐scale Chinese BC patients. Methods: BC patients who had undergone genetic testing at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) from September 2014 to March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Different screening criteria were applied and compared in the population cohort. Results: A total of 1035 BC patients were enrolled, 237 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (P/LPV) were identified in 235 patients, including 41 out of 203 (19.6%) patients tested only for BRCA1/2 genes, and 194 out of 832 (23.3%) received 21 genes panel testing. Among the 235 P/LPV carriers, 222 (94.5%) met the NCCN high‐risk criteria, and 13 (5.5%) did not. While using Desai's criteria of testing, all females diagnosed with BC by 60 years and NCCN criteria for older patients, 234 (99.6%) met the high‐risk standard, and only one did not. The 21 genes panel testing identified 4.9% of non‐BRCA P/LPVs and a significantly high rate of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) (33.9%). The most common non‐BRCA P/LPVs were PALB2 (11, 1.3%), TP53 (10, 1.2%), PTEN (3, 0.4%), CHEK2 (3, 0.4%), ATM (3, 0.4%), BARD1 (3, 0.4%), and RAD51C (2, 0.2%). Compared with BRCA1/2 P/LPVs, non‐BRCA P/LPVs showed a significantly low incidence of NCCN criteria listed family history, second primary cancer, and different molecular subtypes. Conclusions: Desai's criteria might be a more appropriate genetic testing strategy for Chinese BC patients. Panel testing could identify more non‐BRCA P/LPVs than BRCA1/2 testing alone. Compared with BRCA1/2 P/LPVs, non‐BRCA P/LPVs exhibited different personal and family histories of cancer and molecular subtype distributions. The optimal genetic testing strategy for BC still needs to be investigated with larger continuous population studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐invasive light‐based antibacterial therapy has a good prospect in non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implant infections. However, its applications are severely limited by poor penetration of light into human tissues, leading to unsatisfying outcomes. Moreover, as an essential prerequisite for traditional light therapy, lasers can no longer meet the patients' needs for convenient treatment at any time. To break through the spatial and temporal limitations of traditional light therapy, a wireless‐powered blue‐light zirconia implant for readily available treatment of peri‐implant infection is proposed. In space, complete irradiation to complex peri‐implant structure is realized by the built‐in wireless‐powered light source, thus improving the efficacy. In time, wireless‐powering allows timely and controllable anti‐infection treatment. Blue micro‐light emitting diodes are used as therapeutic light sources, which effectively kill peri‐implant infection‐related bacteria without exogenous photosensitive agents. Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm on implant surface can be completely killed after 20 min irradiation in vitro. The bactericidal rate of peri‐implant methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection reaches 99.96 ± 0.03% under 30 min per day blue light exposure in vivo. Within the scope of this study, the treatment of peri‐implant infection with blue‐light implant has preliminary feasibility, giving a new approach to non‐invasive treatment of deep oral infections, including peri‐implant infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A machine learning‐based microwave spectrum detection method based on the nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in diamonds is proposed. The functional relationship between the fluorescence spectrum and standard microwave spectrum is established. The response matrix is calculated using the Tikhonov regularization technique, and an unknown microwave spectrum is reconstructed. Diamond particles with a size of only 5 × 5 μm2 are placed in the microfluidic structures. Consequently, the frequency detection range of the microwave spectrum is from 2.892 to 6.214 GHz with a resolution of 22 kHz. The proposed research opens new paths for microwave spectrum detection and imaging at the microscopic scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although activation of astrocytes is critical in developing neuropathic pain (NP) following nerve injury, the underlying mechanisms of NP and therapeutic management for NP are still vague. Importantly, the decreases in the levels of astrocytic glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1) in the spinal dorsal horn result in enhanced excitatory transmission and cause persistent pain. P2Y1 purinergic receptor (P2Y1R) has been shown to enhance many inflammatory processes. The up‐regulated expression of astrocytic P2Y1R is crucial to participate in pain transduction under conditions of nerve injury and peripheral inflammation considering that P2Y1R is potentially involved in glutamate release and synaptic transmission. This study indicates that the expression of P2Y1R in the spinal cord was increased accompanied by the activation of A1 phenotype astrocytes in the rat model of spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Astrocyte‐specific knockdown of P2Y1R alleviated SNL‐induced nociceptive responses and mitigated A1 reactive astrocytes, which subsequently increased GLT‐1 expression. Conversely, in naïve rats, P2Y1R over‐expression induced a canonical NP‐like phenotype and spontaneous hypernociceptive responses and increased the concentration of glutamate in the spinal dorsal horn. Besides, our in vitro data showed that the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐alpha contributes to A1/A2 astrocyte reactivity and Ca2+‐dependent release of glutamate. Conclusively, our results provide novel insights that as a significant regulator of astrocytic A1/A2 polarization and neuroinflammation, P2Y1R may represent a potential target for the treatment of SNL‐induced NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kangaroo mother care has reduced mortality and morbidity in preterm and low birth weight infants and has many benefits, such as promoting breastfeeding. Based on the current evidence in China and international, we developed a clinical practice guideline for kangaroo mother care in preterm and low birth weight infants using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and proposed 34 recommendations for 20 key questions. Our goal is to promote the appropriate implementation of kangaroo mother care in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well‐controlled bioenhanced reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in the presence of air is carried out by using glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, ascorbic acid (Asc acid), and ppm level of hemin. The catalytic concentration of hemin is employed to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/Asc acid redox initiation, achieving rapid RAFT polymerization. Narrow molecular weight distributions and high monomer conversion (Ð as low as 1.09 at >95% conversion) are achieved within tens of minutes. Several kinds of monomers are used to verify the universal implication of the presented method. The influences of the pH and feed ratio of each component on the polymerization rate are assessed. Besides, a polymerization rate regulation is realized by managing Asc acid addition. This work significantly increases the rate of redox‐initiated GOx‐deoxygen RAFT polymerization by using simple and green reactants, facilitating the application of RAFT polymerization in areas such as biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the changes in allergen sensitization in China secondary to the environmental variations over the past decade. We aimed at investigating the variations in sensitization among asthma and/or rhinitis patients in China between 2008 and 2018. Methods: This study analyzed cross‐sectional data from national surveys conducted in China in 2008 and 2018. After finishing the questionnaire, participants underwent serum specific IgE measurements. A total of 2322 and 2798 patients were enrolled in 2008 and 2018, respectively. The significance of differences in sensitization rates among four regions of China were assessed. Correlation analysis was used to identify the associations of sensitization with climate change and planting of Artemisia desertorum between the two surveys. Results: Compared with 2008, the general sensitization rate to mites significantly increased in 2018, which ranked highest among all tested allergens. Sensitization to pollens, especially Artemisia vulgaris, showed the greatest increase in the north. The annual mean temperature, rainfall and relative humidity in all four regions, and the Artemisia desertorum coverage in the northeastern area, increased significantly in 2018 as compared with 2008. From 2008 to 2018, an increase in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus sensitization was significantly associated with an increase in relative humidity (r = 0.54, p = 0.037). The increase in A. vulgaris sensitization was significantly associated with the increase in the A. desertorum planting area (r = 0.67, p = 0.006) and with a decrease in rainfall (r = −0.59, p = 0.021). Conclusions: House dust mites remain the most important allergen in Chinese individuals with asthma and/or rhinitis. Pollen sensitization dramatically increased in northern China. Increases in sensitization to dust mites and Artemisia were related to the increases in humidity and planting area of A. desertorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enzyme cascade system including glucose oxidase (GOx) and iron porphyrin (DhHP‐6) is encapsulated in a metal–organic framework called zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) through one‐step facile synthesis. The composite (GOx&DhHP‐6@ZIF‐8) is then used to initiate oxygen‐tolerant reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization for different methacrylate monomers, such as 2‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (Mn = 500 g mol−1). The composite shows the robustness toward solvent and temperatures, all polymerizations using above monomers and catalyzing by GOx&DhHP‐6@ZIF‐8 exhibits high monomer conversion (>85%) and narrow molar mass dispersity (<1.3). Besides, acrylic and acrylamide monomers such as 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide are also carried to demonstrate the broad applicability. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance characterization and chain extension experiments confirm the retaining end groups of the resultant polymers, which is a significant feature of living polymerization. More importantly, the process of recycling the composite through a centrifuge is simplistic, and the composite still maintains similar activity compared to the original composites after five times. This low‐cost and easily separated composite catalyst represents a versatile strategy to synthesize well‐defined functional polymers suitable for industrial‐scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) urgently needs a marker for early diagnosis and targeted treatment. C2orf40 has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in many cancers. However, the precise role and regulatory mechanism by C2orf40 contribute to HCC remain elusive and merit exploration. Methods: Reverse‐transcription PCR, quantitative real‐time PCR, and methylation‐specific PCR were used to detect expression and methylation of C2orf40 in HCC cell lines or tissues. The effects of C2orf40 in liver cancer cells were examined via colony formation, CCK8, transwell, and flow cytometric assays. The effect of C2orf40 on tumorigenesis in vivo was determined by xenografts and immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, Co‐IP, and cycloheximide (CHX) were used to further investigate the potential mechanism of C2orf40. Results: The down‐regulation of C2orf40 in hepatocellular cancer tissue samples is often related to the degree of methylation of its promoter CpG. The recovery of C2orf40 expression in HCC cell lines can induce G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis and also inhibit cell migration and invasion by reversing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, C2orf40 can increase the expression of p21 through interaction with UBR5. Conclusions: Low expression levels of C2orf40 are related to the hypermethylation of its promoter. C2orf40 can inhibit HCC through UBR5‐dependent or p53‐independent mechanisms. C2orf40 may be a diagnostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light mainly affects animal reproductive performance through the hypothalamus‐ pituitary‐gonadal axis, but the specific regulating mechanism is not yet clear in duck. To reveal the effects of light on the laying performance of ducks and its possible regulatory mechanisms, Shanma ducks at 52 weeks age were divided into three group treated with different photoperiods of 16 hr (control group), 24 hr (long‐photoperiod group, LP), and 8 hr (short‐photoperiod group, SP). Laying performance, endocrine‐related hormones and gene expression of three groups were compared. The results showed that laying performance was greatest in the LP group; including laying rate, average egg weight and feed‐egg ratio. Compared to the SP group, GnIH plasma concentration was decreased in the LP group, whilst FSH was increased in the LP group. GnIHR gene expression in the pituitary and large yellow follicles were downregulated in the LP group. The expression of Mel‐a in large white follicles, and Mel‐b and Mel‐c in the hypothalamus were also downregulated in the LP group. Altogether these results suggest that extended photoperiods may promote the laying performance of ducks by inhibiting the secretion of GnIH and the expression of GnIHR and melatonin receptor genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Fermentation is a traditional food‐preserving technique. It is an effective process, widely used to enrich the nutrients diversity and bioactivity of the fermented foods since ancient times. This study aimed at investigating the effects of various fermentation starters on the physicochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties of blueberry juices. The blueberry juices were fermented by natural fermentation (NFBJ), self‐made starters fermentation (SFBJ), and commercial starters fermentation (CFBJ); fresh blueberry juice (BBJ) was processed without fermentation for comparison. RESULTS: Probiotics‐fermented blueberry juices (SFBJ and CFBJ) showed less total and reducing sugars, higher titratable acidity, and a wider variety and higher amounts of organic acids than non‐fermented blueberry juice (BBJ) did. All the fermented blueberry juices (NFBJ, SFBJ, and CFBJ) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher antioxidant potentials than that of BBJ measured by 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid, cupric‐reducing antioxidant capacity, and ferric‐reducing ability power assays. The SFBJ exhibited the highest antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium, with inhibition zone diameters of 38.84 ± 1.74 mm, 34.91 ± 1.53 mm, and 36.18 ± 3.16 mm respectively. Compared with BBJ, the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the SFBJ and CFBJ increased by two‑to threefold. The α‐amylase inhibitory activity of the SFBJ and CFBJ increased by 600%, whereas the spontaneous fermentation showed no improvement. The SFBJ and CFBJ promoted glucose consumption of HepG2 cell lines, indicating the promising potential for a higher glucose bio‐utilization. CONCLUSIONS: The SFBJ and CFBJ showed remarkable improvements in the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities compared with non‐fermented and spontaneous fermented juices, indicating their promising potentials as an antihyperglycemic agent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: COVID-19; delayed therapy; depression; efficacy; subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) EN COVID-19 delayed therapy depression efficacy subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) 1 3 3 03/30/22 20220301 NES 220301 To the editor, Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is highly effective for seasonal pollinosis and perennial disease in patients with mite allergy.1 SCIT usually involves administering a gradually increasing dose of the specific allergens to allergic patients until the effective dose is reached then followed by administering the maintenance doses for 3 years or more.2 As the end of 2019 witnessed an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, clinical, educational, research, and community responsibilities have been tremendously influenced in the whole world. Sustained impact of subcutaneous immunotherapy among patients with allergic rhinitis who experienced treatment delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter, two-arm, real-world study The time for 83.6% of SCIT delayed patients was less than 10 weeks, 10-20 weeks for 14.5% patients, and only 1.9% patients were more than 20 weeks (Figure 1A). [Extracted from the article]