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Objectives: The micro‐nano structure of 3D‐printed porous titanium (Ti) alloy with excellent performance in avoiding stress shielding and promoting bone tissue differentiation provides a new opportunity for the development of bone implants, but it necessitates higher requirements for bone tissue differentiation and the antibacterial properties of bone implants in clinical practice. Methods: This study investigated the preparation, antimicrobial properties, and osteogenesis‐promoting ability of the 3D printed porous Ti alloy anodic oxidized Ag‐carrying (Ag@3D‐TiO2) scaffolds. The 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐Ti), anodized 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐TiO2), and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were synthesized using electron beam melting. The antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds were examined using antibacterial tests and their cytocompatibility was assessed using a cell proliferation assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. In vitro cellular assays were used to investigate the effects of the scaffold microstructural features on cell activity, proliferation, and osteogenesis‐related genes and proteins. In vivo animal experiments were used to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and osteogenesis‐promoting abilities of the scaffolds. Results: The Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds exhibited sustained anti‐microbial activity over time, enhanced cell proliferation, facilitated osteogenic differentiation, and increased extracellular matrix mineralization. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL‐I), and osteocalcin (OCN)‐related genes and proteins were upregulated. In vivo animal implantation experiments, the anti‐inflammatory effect of the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were observed using histology, and a large amount of fibrous connective tissue was present around it; the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were more bio‐compatible with the surrounding tissues compared with 3D‐Ti and 3D‐TiO2; a large amount of uniformly distributed neoplastic bone tissue existed in their pores, and the chronic systemic toxicity test showed that the 3D‐Ti, 3D‐TiO2, and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds are biologically safe. Conclusion: The goal of this study was to create a scaffold that exhibits antimicrobial properties and can aid bone growth, making it highly suitable for use in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated polymers have attracted growing attention for versatile applications in energy storage due to their potential benefits including low‐cost processing, molecular tunability, environmental benignity, and high mechanical flexibility. In particular, polymer‐based organic electrode materials have shown significant progress in supercapacitor (SC) applications with superior electrochemical behaviors. The performances of SCs are closely related to the intrinsic characteristics of different polymers in the nanoscale and the morphological features of the polymer‐based electrode materials obtained by different fabrication techniques in the macroscale. This review summarizes the design and synthesis of both p‐type and n‐type conjugated polymers, highlighting the pros and cons of three synthesis techniques: electrochemical polymerization, chemical polymerization, and in situ polymerization. The performances of conjugated polymers in SCs, their cycling stabilities, and structure‐performance relationships are discussed. Moreover, the existing challenges and future directions of polymer‐based SCs are considered with respect to energy density, stability, and large‐scale production to promote commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) is a standard electrolyte membrane and binder material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of the benefits of membrane formation and strong mechanical properties. Still, its use is limited due to unavoidable defects such as high crystallinity and poor electrochemical performance. In this paper, a larger specific surface area and three‐dimensional (3D) permeable lamellae carboxylated g‐C3N4 (HCN) were successfully prepared by HNO3 and introduced into the PVDF‐HFP to obtain a high‐performance composite separator. The wettability and electrolyte absorption of PVDF‐HFP separator can be improved through the carboxylated HCN. More crucially, because PVDF‐HFP has several active sites and low crystallinity, adding HCN can greatly increase the ionic conductivity of separators. The ionic conductivity of PH‐HCN at 25 °C is 0.52 S cm−1, 4.7 times higher than the initial PVDF‐HFP membrane, and the oxidation potential can reach 4.8 V. The assembled lithium‐ion batteries half‐cell has a capacity of 71 % at a 5 C rate and 94 % after 400 cycles at a 2 C rate. Therefore, the improved separator has the potential to be applied to high‐performance LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simple one‐step hydrothermal synthesis of three‐element complex system photocatalyst technology is systematically studied. The results show that due to the complex heterojunction formed by titanium dioxide (TiO2), tungsten trioxide (WO3) and activated carbon (AC) and the strong adsorption performance of AC, the catalytic efficiency and cycle stability of the composite have been significantly improved. The excellent electron transport ability of AC is conducive to the separation of carriers, so that the electron transfer between AC/TiO2 and AC/WO3 can make it achieve a heterojunction effect similar to TiO2/WO3. The rich specific surface area of AC and the pores of the "labyrinth" structure can provide a higher concentration of degradable substances inside the catalyst, and the degraded substances are quickly transferred to the active site for degradation. Therefore, by controlling the mass ratio of AC/TiO2/WO3, a photocatalyst with high catalytic efficiency and strong cycle stability was successfully prepared (the degradation efficiency is above 95 %, and the degradation efficiency after 5 cycles is above 80 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]