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The transdisciplinary Drought Risk and You (DRY) project aimed to interweave storytelling and science as a way of increasing the different voices and types of knowledge (specialist, local) within drought risk decision-making in the UK. This paper critically reflects on our emergent process of drawing across different methodologies to create Adaptive Participatory Storytelling Approaches (APSA). APSA enable more tailoring to people and setting than existing methods, recognizing the specificity of local risk contexts and communities, and in terms of social dynamics, cultural values and local knowledge. APSA are situated, storytelling methodologies applied in the social sciences and arts/humanities, giving strong attention to meaningful participation and sustainable coproduction in both process and outputs. The paper offers other researchers and practitioners insights into working with APSA as a suite of creative storytelling options prioritizing methodological principles of active listening and adapting. APSA require creative thinking along multiple spectra, including how to balance different axes in APSA including: topic (drought risk)-focused with topic (drought risk)-peripheral or oblique, participant-led with researcher-led, and visualization-led with audio-led. We reflect on the challenges, opportunities and values of co-working with APSA, and offer a flexible framework for its application and iterative evaluation embedded through the process. We propose this as a starting point for other transdisciplinary projects to tackle themes that prove difficult for communities to connect with during community-engaged research, in this case, hidden risks like drought and climate change. This is timely given the power and mounting popularity of storytelling for behavior change, research insight and policy, and the need to capture and share different knowledges for climate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the aggravation of climate change, various weather and climate extreme events (abbreviated as climate extremes) are becoming more frequent. During the transition to the use of clean energy, the power system will show increasingly prominent features such as high ratio of clean energy, high ratio of electrification, and a high proportion of electric and electronic equipment, coupled with summer and winter load peaks. Against this backdrop, this paper studies the impacts of climate extremes on the power system using the Texas power outage as an example, and proposes general adaptation measures to cope with climate extremes. For a start, this paper reviews the power outage in Texas caused by an extreme cold wave across the North America in 2021, and conducts an in-depth analysis of its causes. Then, based on the theoretical framework of disaster risk management, this paper analyzes the weather and climate disaster risks, extreme events, exposure, and vulnerability faced by the power system in the context of climate change and extreme events. Finally, in order to build a new power system, this paper establishes an overall framework for the power system to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and summarizes the key techniques involved in power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption, as well as key technologies in the fields of power supply, power grid, power load, and energy storage, and the strategies and measures for addressing climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies to combat climate change may be based on mitigation of the phenomenon or on adaptation to its consequences. This paper aims to identify the driving factors of the choice between these two categories of strategies in the context of urban climate plans. The fight against climate change being characterized by a logic of free riding, the situation tilts the balance towards adaptation strategies in an urban context, to the detriment of mitigation. This hypothesis is tested here through a review of the existing literature on urban climate strategies. This study shows that, counterintuitively, mitigation prevails over adaptation in urban climate strategies up to now. This paper explores the explanations for this seemingly paradoxical situation. We argue that a big part of the explanation has to do with the institutional context of urban climate strategies, specifically the decision-making capacities of municipalities, or the fact that they take part in international networks promoting mitigation over adaptation. Other explanations rely on the cost/benefit impact of adopting mitigation or adaptation, like the collateral local/private benefits of urban climate strategies that are often bigger with mitigation than adaptation. Another finding is that there is no systematic planning making it compulsory to choose between mitigation and adaptation strategies, as they are in some instances complementary, providing co-benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the spread of an epidemic on a changing network, specifically focusing on two phenomena. The first part of the paper investigates a possible mechanism of disease outbreaks on college campuses. We present a toy model, dividing students into extroverts (high-degree nodes with a large number of contacts) and introverts (low-degree nodes with a small number of contacts). In our model, the average degree of extroverts is evolving with time, and its dynamics is coupled with the current epidemic situation: extroverts tend to increase their number of contacts for low level of epidemic, but as more and more students get infected, they start decreasing their average degree. Another phenomenon analyzed in the paper is vaccination: how should the vaccine be allocated to best benefit the population? We consider two possible vaccination strategies: (1) vaccinating people starting from high risk groups (older people with a higher risk of mortality) or (2) prioritizing vaccination of people with a higher number of contacts (such as college students) to decrease the epidemic outbreak. Both phenomena show the importance of diversity in the number of contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic urges hospitality and tourism businesses to design innovative responses to rapid competition and challenges. This study begins by finding out how innovation-based collaboration, perceived status certainty, and adaptation to digital technology jointly encourage higher levels of innovative business response to the COVID-19 outbreak under complexity aspects. The findings indicate that adaptation to digital technology, perceived status certainty, and innovation-based collaboration have a strong influence on configuring innovative business responses. This paper provides new insights into how the complexity of human-related, environment-related, and technology-related factors predict the innovative response of business providers in the tourism and hospitality industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of interactions as a metric to detect emergent phenomena in the ongoing agent-based simulations. The proposed algorithm aims to detect the flocking behavior in the Boids model. Boids model is simple to understand and to use and always verifies emergence. In recent years, several metrics have been proposed to investigate emergent behaviors in complex systems. Two main limitations of these studies are, how to choose a proper metric to avoid a high coast of computation, and how to detect emergence as it happens, i.e., live detection. In this paper, we propose an interaction-based algorithm to detect emergent behavior in Boids model. The three main contributions of this work are: (1) using interaction as metric, (2) detect emergence when it happens, (3) no need to store simulation data for post-mortem analysis. A prior interactions analysis was done to classify the system interactions. The results show that the algorithm was able to detect the rise of the flocking, i.e., emergence in the Boids model. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world continues to navigate a global pandemic that ignores national borders, it is not surprising to find a divide between the interests of vaccine-producing countries — and their entire supply chain networks for intermediates and raw materials — and countries that are primarily reliant on these producers for their vaccine consumption. This paper puts this debate in the context of a multi country strategic game where the major players have been able to produce a vaccine for COVID-19 and control the distribution of the vaccine and all its components. To address this issue of sovereign players, some have raised the possibility of a GATT/WTO intervention into COVID-19 vaccine sale and distribution. In addition, a legal battle is taking shape over lucrative patent rights for COVID-19 vaccines, with drug companies pitted against each other and government and academic scientists over who invented what. At the heart of the disputes is the billion-dollar question: Who can claim to have invented important elements of the COVID-19 vaccines? In June 2022, the WTO struck deals on a partial patent waiver for COVID-19 vaccines. Most observers believe that this change to the intellectual property rules will have limited impact on actual production for now because a current surplus of vaccines globally means there is little demand among vaccine makers to increase output. The implications are clear. The WTO compromise has allowed the existence of high hurdles for exports of products made under such a license. Given the limited WTO compromise agreement there are several options available to solve the problem of lack of access to the COVID-19 vaccine consuming nations at this stage. First, the US Supreme Court could invalidate each of the pharmaceutical companies' patent requests. Second, individuals could file legal actions designed to disgorge the monopoly revenue of these pharmaceutical companies. If no legal action is taken, along these lines, and the WTO compromise is insufficient to solve the COVID-19 vaccine shortages in the developing world, then the developed countries will be opening the gate to PRC delivery of their COVID-19 vaccine to the entire developing and emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, South Asian countries have committed their mitigation targets to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This study examines the effectiveness of these efforts by developing a dynamic computable general equilibrium-water-energy (CGE-WE) model. Using the GTAP database version 9, it examines how different sectors respond to these policies in South Asia. Besides, it argues that an improved irrigation system can reduce the output losses caused by the mitigation policies. In a nutshell, the cost of improving irrigation system is USD 159.7 million in Bangladesh, 224 million in India, 9.1 million in Nepal, 38.5 million in Pakistan and 10.4 million in Sri Lanka. The proposed adaptation strategy can save more than USD 76.43 billion in the region after fulfilling the region's commitment toward the global mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across three years (2017–2020), the ESRC Seminar series, "Civil Agency, Society and Climate Adaptation to Weather Extremes" (CASCADE-NET) critically examined the changing role of civil society in extreme weather adaptation. One full-day seminar explored "less heard voices" within Civil Society, considering ways of engaging diverse groups in resiliency, knowledge exchange, and capacity building. A small interdisciplinary group from the seminar followed up with a roundtable discussion, conducted online, discussing first who the less-heard voices in society are, and how labels, such as "vulnerable" and "hard to reach", might need to be reappraised, and concluding that it is often those in power who make themselves "hard to reach" and who fail to listen. The group then discussed how deeper engagement with citizens and communities can be achieved through improved relationships and networks. Finally, the roundtable discussed how the succession of crises affecting the UK (and other settings) could, paradoxically, present an opportune moment to press the case for a more joined-up and inclusive civil society. The concluding section summarizes key insights from the roundtable and identifies opportunities to rethink engagement with "hard to reach" groups. To answer our question of "how to" engage diverse groups, we conclude with the action points to change the orientation of the powerful to (i) be genuinely open to listening to, and acting upon the voices of less heard groups; (ii) listen on the terms of groups who are voicing their experience, rather than force them into pre-arranged consultation formats; (iii) engage early, widely and frequently; (iv) build trust by demonstrating willingness to listen, through actions; (v) tackle historical mistrust, unequal resources, experiences of neglect or exploitation that undermine groups' interest in engaging with the powerful. A transformation in orientation to community engagement is in order if we are to produce effective, locally attuned, collective action in the face of social shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]