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This editorial paper presents the papers published in a special issue devoted to the modeling and simulation of mutating virus pandemics in a globally connected world. The presentation is proposed in three parts. First, motivations and objectives are presented according to the idea that mathematical models should go beyond deterministic population dynamics by considering the multiscale, heterogeneous features of the complex system under consideration. Subsequently, the contents of the papers in this issue are presented referring to the aforementioned complexity features. Finally, a critical analysis of the overall contents of the issue is proposed, with the aim of providing a forward look to research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial is dedicated to presenting the papers published in a special issue focused on modeling, qualitative analysis and simulation of the collective dynamics of systems in engineering and life sciences. All papers have a minor or major reference to living, i.e. complex systems, and a critical analysis of the overall content of the issue is proposed, leading to a forward look at research perspectives. This paper first defines the goals of the issue. Then, a brief description of the scientific contribution of the papers published in this issue is given. Finally, a look into the future is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the micro–macro-derivation of virus models coupled with a reaction–diffusion system that generates the dynamics in space of the virus particles. The first part of the presentation focuses, starting from [N. Bellomo, K. Painter, Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Occurrence versus absence of taxis-driven instabilities in a May–Nowak model for virus infection, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 79 (2019) 1990–2010; N. Bellomo and Y. Tao, Stabilization in a chemotaxis model for virus infection, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. S 13 (2020) 105–117], on a survey and a critical analysis of some phenomenological models known in the literature. The second part shows how a Hilbert type can be developed to derive models at the macro-scale from the underlying description delivered by the kinetic theory of active particles. The third part deals with the derivation of macroscopic models of various virus models coupled with the reaction–diffusion systems. Then, a forward look to research perspectives is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of this editorial is proposed in three parts devoted to the modeling and simulation of mutating virus pandemics in a globally connected world. The presentation is as follows: first, a general framework is presented according to the idea that mathematical models should go beyond deterministic population dynamics by considering the multiscale, heterogeneous features of the complex system under consideration; second, the contents of the papers in this issue are presented; finally, there is a critical analysis looking ahead to research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the following mixed order conformally invariant system with Hartree-type nonlinearity: ... where 0 < s =: m + 2α < +∞, m is a integer, 0 < α ≤ 2, n ≥ 3, σ ∈ (0, n). We first prove the equivalence of the PDEs system and the IEs system. Then we give the classification of the nonnegative solutions to the system (0.1) by using the method of moving spheres. Finally, we prove Liouville-type theorems results for system (0.1) in the critical and supercritical-order cases (i.e. n 2 < s =: m+ 2/α < +∞), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a survey and critical analysis of the mathematical literature on modeling and simulation of human crowds taking into account behavioral dynamics. The main focus is on research papers published after the review [N. Bellomo and C. Dogbè, On the modeling of traffic and crowds: A survey of models, speculations, and perspectives, SIAM Rev. 53 (2011) 409–463], thus providing important research perspectives related to new, emerging trends. The presentation addresses the scaling problem corresponding to microscopic (individual-based), mesoscopic (kinetic), and macroscopic (hydrodynamic) modeling and analysis. A multiscale vision guides the overall content of the paper. The critical analysis of the overall content naturally leads to research perspectives. A selection of them is brought to the attention of the interested reader together with hints on how to deal with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of our paper presents a general survey on the modeling, analytic problems, and applications of the dynamics of human crowds, where the specific features of living systems are taken into account in the modeling approach. This critical analysis leads to the second part which is devoted to research perspectives on modeling, analytic problems, multiscale topics which are followed by hints towards possible achievements. Perspectives include the modeling of social dynamics, multiscale problems and a detailed study of the link between crowds and swarms modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clock attacks and power attacks are used as common means to inject faults in embedded devices. Critical analysis of the properties and the components engaged with these fault injection methods is of high importance to assess the related dangers and furthermore to enhance the process of designing suitable counter-measures. This paper provides critical analysis of induced faults on combinational and sequential circuits and study effects of various attacks (over-clock, under clock, power attack). While doing analysis, it was revealed that clock attacks i.e., under and over clock attacks have similarity index of (80–90%). Also it was found that power attacks have results similar (60–70%) to clock attacks but they cause propagation delay in circuits affecting the output. Cadence virtuoso 45 nm technology node, Keil and Multi-sim software's were used to generate various attacks. The comparative analysis reveals that the attack timing and frequency of the glitch is the key while inducing fault injection attacks. While performing this work, it is observed the sequential circuits get less impacted by attacks comparing to combinational circuits. This research is conducted from an attacker's perspective instead of mitigation perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial paper is devoted to present the papers published in a special issue focused on recent views, applications, and results of virtual element methods (VEM). A critical analysis of the overall contents of the issue is proposed, thus leading to a forward look to research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An irregular growth in brain cells causes brain tumors. In recent years, a considerable rate of increment in medical cases regarding brain tumors has been observed, affecting adults and children. However, it is highly curable in recent times only if detected in the early time of tumor growth. Moreover, there are many sophisticated approaches devised by researchers for predicting the tumor regions and their stages. In addition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is utilized commonly by radiologists to evaluate tumors. In this paper, the input image is from a database, and brain tumor segmentation is performed using various segmentation techniques. Here, the comparative analysis is performed by comparing the performance of segmentation approaches, like Hybrid Active Contour (HAC) model, Bayesian Fuzzy Clustering (BFC), Active Contour (AC), Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering technique, Sparse (Sparse FCM), and Black Hole Entropy Fuzzy Clustering (BHEFC) model. Moreover, segmentation technique performance is evaluated with the Dice coefficient, Jaccard coefficient, and segmentation accuracy. The proposed method shows high Dice and Jaccard coefficients of 0.7809 and 0.6456 by varying iteration with the REMBRANDT dataset and a better segmentation accuracy of 0.9789 by changing image size in the Brats-2015 database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have extracted transport critical current density ( J c ) of BaZrO3 (BZO) added YBa2Cu3O 7 − δ (YBCO) by using several low electric field (E)-based criteria. By varying E-based criteria in order of magnitude, we have extracted J c (T) and granular critical current density, J c G (T) by using JE (IV) characteristics. The temperature (T) dependence of J c and J c G is found to be affected strongly as a result of the choice of E as criterion. The sensitiveness of J c and J c G becomes prominent with the lowering of T. The Ambegaokar–Baratoff (AB) and the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) descriptions of J c (T) and J c G (T) have been studied to understand how varying criteria may change the extraction of several associated coefficients. Extrapolated J c (T = 0) and J c G (T = 0) is also highly sensitive to criteria used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigated the influence of temperature and momentum-dependent coherence-chaos radiations on particle excretion from a fluid with quantum supremacy. The dynamics interpretation of a system can become exceedingly complex and femtoscopy is an efficient quantum tool that captures and explores the complicated dynamical properties. This research presents a comprehensive and brief analysis of fluid in the context of quantum interference for partially chaotic systems, as well as novel findings for chaos synchronization of identical bosons in the extending source are evaluated. The eminence of coherence on chaotic production has been demonstrated using correlation plots in the existence of the quantum influence. The temperature profile is described with the mitigation of graphs created for various flow peculiarities, and the density equations are derived through feasible interferences transformation approaches. Results exhibit the quantitative data of chaotic and droplets exhibiting coherence features and illustrate a premise that depicts motivated conversions between cold and hot bosonic particles crossover during the expanding of emitted sources. The emergent phase can contain a partially thermalized distribution of particles which is elucidated by the swiftness of the hadronic transition and this phase reveals marvelous entirely quantum correlations according to our findings. In particular, we formulate the normalized interception for the hybrid system using particular methods to probe the source configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the micro–macro derivation of models from the underlying description provided by methods of the kinetic theory for active particles. We consider the so-called exotic models according to the definition proposed in [ N. Bellomo, N. Outada, J. Soler, Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Chemotaxis and cross diffusion models in complex environments: Modeling towards a multiscale vision, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 32 (2022) 713–792]. The first part of the presentation focuses on a survey and a critical analysis of some phenomenological models known in the literature. We refer to a selection of case studies, in detail, the transport of virus models, social dynamics, and Keller–Segel in a fluid. The second part shows how a Hilbert-type approach can be developed to derive models at the macroscale from the underlying description provided by the kinetic theory of active particles. The third part deals with the derivation of macroscopic models corresponding to the selected case studies. Finally, a forward look into the future research perspectives is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault tolerance is critical to reliability analysis of interconnection networks since the vulnerability of component failure increases with the growth of network scale. Extra connectivity and extra diagnosability are two decisive indicators of the ability of parallel and distributed systems to tolerate and diagnose faulty nodes. This paper mainly establishes the 3 -extra connectivity and 3 -extra diagnosability of augmented 3 -ary n -cubes A Q n , 3 , which is a generalization of k -ary n -cubes and augmented cubes. In addition, we explore the 3 -extra diagnosis algorithm of A Q n , 3 under the MM* model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Love is said to be pure, terrible, sweet, and horrible all at the same time. Love is, in fact, a basic requirement in everyone's life. To live a normal and healthy life, everyone requires love. Love encompasses a wide range of emotions, sentiments, and attitudes. For some, love entails more than a physical attraction; it also includes an emotional bond. However, it is commonly believed that "Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe", as evidenced by the transformation of every phenomenon into mathematical equations. On this basis, this study aims to express the feelings among Romeo and Juliet via mathematical tools. The love among Romeo and Juliet is shown as a coupled system of ODEs. The fractal fractional differential operator with the Mittag-Leffler function further generalizes the classical differential equations. Some theoretical analysis has been done for the considered problem. The graphical solution is obtained through a numerical scheme with the help of MATLAB software. The impact of the fractional-order parameter and fractal dimension parameter is shown on the feelings of both individuals. Furthermore, the impact of various physical parameters on the love or hate of Romeo and Juliet is displayed and discussed in detail. As a concern to the most sensitive parameter, it is observed that spending or saving money among both individuals has the ability to tend love into hate and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]