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One of the effective ways to crack the "Three Rural Issues" and promote rural revitalization is to improve agricultural labor productivity (ALP). However, at this stage, improving China's ALP is still facing many obstacles and bottlenecks. Promoting migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship is an important breakthrough point for solving this problem. This paper regards the pilot policy of migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship as a quasi-natural experiment and empirically investigates the influence of migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship on ALP and explores its potential mechanism and heterogeneity using county area panel data from 2011–2019. It found the following: Firstly, the policy of migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship significantly increases ALP. Secondly, migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship indirectly leads to a rise in ALP through the promotion of agricultural mechanization production. Thirdly, the heterogeneity test demonstrates that migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship purposes have a significant influence in enhancing ALP in the eastern areas, plains areas and non-agricultural strong areas. The findings of this paper not only provide an important real-world basis for the government to further support migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship but also provide useful policy insights for the modernization and development of agriculture and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the data of 30 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions and Tibet) at the provincial level from 2010 to 2019 as the research object, this paper analyzes the current situation and characteristics of China's agricultural modernization and response to carbon emissions. Agricultural modernization is decomposed into production modernization, management modernization, and ecological modernization. This study uses the spatial Dobbin model to demonstrate the impact of agricultural modernization on carbon emissions and analyzes the impact of agricultural modernization on carbon emissions in the East. The direct effect and spatial spillover effect of the three western regions are to different degrees. The results show that agricultural carbon emissions are spatially dependent. The development of agricultural modernization and transportation of neighboring provinces and cities will have an impact on agricultural carbon emissions in this region. Therefore, under the background of rural revitalization and low-carbon agriculture, this paper further analyzes the impact of agricultural modernization on the spatial distribution of carbon emissions in the eastern, central, and western regions. Recommendations are proposed with a view to giving better play to the process of agricultural modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the interaction between land policies and rural labor migration in China and Europe, highlighting how land reforms guide labor mobility and their impacts on land and social structures. In China, the Household Contract Responsibility System and land transfer policies have facilitated agricultural scale expansion and the urbanization of the rural labor force. Homestead reforms have further enhanced farmers' asset liquidity. In Europe, using Spain as a case study, EU agricultural policies have spurred agricultural modernization, economic diversification, and intensive land use. These advancements benefitted from a mature land transfer market and increased non-agricultural employment opportunities. Both China and Europe face challenges of population aging and rural depopulation, necessitating improvements in land use efficiency, the balance of the scale, and the protection of farmers' rights and interests. Europe addresses labor shortages through technology, mechanization, and cooperatives, while China employs land trusteeship, transfer platforms, and the "three rights separation" system to combat land abandonment and labor shortages. Future research should strengthen comparative studies between China and Europe, quantify interactive relationships, consider the impact of transnational labor mobility under globalization, explore policy innovations, and foster international cooperation to address demographic changes and agricultural labor shortages. Additionally, promoting sustainable land use and farmers' rights, equalizing urban–rural public services, enhancing education and training, and improving the social security system are crucial for integrated urban–rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New‐type professional farmers are new‐type rural talents with scientific and cultural literacy and professional knowledge of agriculture under the background of rural revitalization. The new type of professional farmers is of great significance for accelerating agricultural modernization and promoting the construction of a powerful modern socialist country. In the process of cultivating new types of professional farmers in rural areas, it is necessary to break through the previous informatization constraints of poor information flow, and give full play to the role of advanced information technology to promote the sustainable economic development. This paper proposes a new type of professional farmer cultivation platform based on edge computing architecture to improve the cultivation efficiency of new type of professional farmers, so as to better promote the development of rural informatization. Aiming at the challenges of energy consumption under the edge platform architecture, this paper proposes a dynamic scheduling method for semi‐online tasks for edge computing platforms. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, the method in this paper is compared with the classic scheduling algorithm, and simulated and verified on the CloudSim platform. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms in the task completion time metric. With the expansion of task scale, more energy consumption can be saved by using the algorithm proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and the variable extreme weather conditions that today's agricultural producers are dealing with represent some of the most important issues in food production. Nowadays, weather patterns are increasingly unpredictable, characterized by frequent fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events. As a result, there is an increasing demand for scientists to develop more resilient and tolerant crop cultivars. Plant breeders must become creative and utilize all available resources to create modern high-yielding and widely adapted cultivars to help agriculture grow and thrive amidst the emerging changes. Forage legumes, due to their beneficial characteristics, are among the crops that can contribute to mitigating the consequences of climate change. Furthermore, what certainly does not contribute to weather conditions is the erosion of plant genetic material, which has been caused by the modernization of agriculture and the selection of the best cultivars with desirable traits over many years. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) and landraces represent plant genetic materials rich in novel gene variants that contain traits for resistance and tolerance to different climatic conditions. To expand the genetic base of cultivars and mitigate the consequences of climate change, breeders are increasingly utilizing pre-breeding methods. These methods include all the activities connected to the identification of desirable genes and traits from un-adapted materials, such as CWRs, and the transformation of these traits to an intermediate set of materials that can be used for creating new cultivars. This review paper will cover the pre-breeding process, including its components, and the resistance and/or tolerance of the CWRs and landraces of forage legumes to different extreme environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is a traditional agricultural country, and the integration of rural industries has become an essential policy direction for the current strategy of agricultural modernization in China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of integrated rural industry development in China, identify problems in the development process, and combine analysis of related theories and practices of rural industry integration to propose strategies to enhance the level of integrated rural industry development in China. Hence, this paper, rooted in the integration of rural industries, cross-industry, industry extension, industry agglomeration, and industry penetration, sets up a measurement index system. Using provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, the paper measures the level of integrated development in rural industries across China and its 31 provinces. Research indicates that during the sample period, the overall level of integrated development in rural industries in various provinces in China has shown an upward trend. Development among the eastern, central, and western regions is highly uneven, but this disparity has been gradually narrowing in recent years. Furthermore, the levels of integrated development in different provinces exhibit significant spatial agglomeration effects. The development level of neighboring regions significantly impacts the province's development status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Agriculture Mechanization is the property of Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the implementation of innovation and the advisory needs of farmers in agricultural holdings in Western Macedonia. The research carried out was divided into two parts. Initially, we investigated how the programs under analysis related to innovation in the agricultural sector, specifically with respect to the improvement plans that were implemented in the region. Specifically, parameters such as age, gender, place of residence, and the types and number of investments were examined. The analysis revealed farmers' characteristics and the types of their investments, in addition to their degrees of adoption of innovation and their attitudes towards innovation. We also tried to clarify the reasons leading farmers toward innovation and the importance of consulting services in their orientation towards innovative ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Tamoios is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With technological revolutions and new rural revitalization strategies, rural e-commerce logistics and agricultural modernization are becoming the focus of society. The purpose of the current study is to measure the coupling coordination state of regional rural e-commerce logistics and agricultural modernization, to analyze the obstacles to coordinated development, to forecast the trend, and to propose policy suggestions for coordinated development. Based on the theory of system coordinated development, this paper selects representative indicators reflecting regional rural e-commerce logistics and agricultural modernization, and constructs a coordinated development measurement index system. This paper also constructs a coupling coordination-obstacle degree model, adopting Handan City, Hebei Province as an example, using the data obtained from 2010 to 2019 to measure the coordinated development status of rural e-commerce logistics and agricultural modernization; and analyzes the obstacles affecting coordinated development. By introducing the grey prediction GM (1,1) model and by applying it to the research, the results show that the model is feasible, and the coordinated development level of rural e-commerce logistics and agricultural modernization in Handan City presents a fluctuating upward trend. The prediction results show that the coordinated development of rural e-commerce logistics and agricultural modernization will achieve good coordination in 2024, and relevant development suggestions are proposed. The research can provide some decision-making references for establishing the measurement model, an obstacle-factor analysis, and a trend prediction for the coordinated development of regional rural e-commerce logistics and agricultural modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy of rural revitalization is a major task in the historical journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it is of great significance for promoting modernization of agriculture and rural areas and achieving common prosperity. Especially in some ethnic areas, rural economic and social development is relatively lagging behind, which has become a key and difficult point in rural revitalization. From the perspective of social work participation, this paper analyzes and reflects on the exploration and practice of rural revitalization in ethnic areas, discusses the necessity and feasibility of social work participation, and proposes specific paths; based on development thinking, cultivate rural talents; use emotional logic to participate in rural governance; utilize advantageous perspectives to jointly build rural culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated development of rural industries is an important starting point to accelerate rural revitalization, an effective way to promote agricultural and rural modernization, and an important path to build an agricultural power. This paper reviews relevant literature from the aspects of the connotation of industrial integration, policy support, connotation, type or mode, and level of rural industrial integration, explores the research prospects of rural industrial integration development, and provides theoretical basis and practical reference for improving the competitiveness of agricultural industries, expanding channels for increasing farmers' income, and promoting rural modernization development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing agricultural productivity and reducing carbon emissions are two major challenges that China faces. This paper explores how agricultural insurance affects agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) that addresses these two challenges. First, we adopt DDF-GML to measure AGTFP, and the Dagum's Gini decompositions results show the large differences in AGTFP, with transvariation between subregions contributing the most. Second, we find the U-shaped effect of agricultural insurance on AGTFP in a large country context. The result remains robust after adjusting for time, sample and estimation method of AGTFP. We also construct instrumental variables from the minimum distance from the centroid of counties within a province to the 45 ports in China and two-stage lagged agricultural insurance penetration (AIP) for AIP, and their squares as instrumental variables for AIP2. The conclusion remains robust in 2SLS model. Third, the findings confirm three channels for agricultural insurance to influence the AGTFP: environmentally friendly production, labor inputs and operation scale. We further propose policy advice to promote China's agricultural modernization and point out further research directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting agricultural green growth has become an indispensable key content to speed up the process of agricultural modernization, has become a necessary prerequisite to achieve common prosperity of the rural people, and has become the basic practice of implementing people-centered development thought in the stage of high-quality development. Many researchers have studied the problems, level measurement and route choice of the growth of agriculture. However, there have been few studies on how to promote the agricultural green growth from the perspective of agricultural modernization, and how to combine the green agricultural GDP with the agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP). To address this research inadequacy, in this paper, we focus on the time and space comparison of green agricultural GDP, agricultural GTFP, and their source decomposition, and summarize and discuss the key factors affecting agricultural GTFP. The results show that the share of output value of green agriculture in Tongren City is relatively high within the region of the province, and there is a large temporal and spatial difference between the change of agricultural GTFP and agricultural technology utilization efficiency and agricultural technology progress. At the same time, the improvement of economic development level can significantly promote the rise of agricultural GTFP, agricultural technology utilization efficiency, and agricultural technology progress. On balance, our results compare green agricultural GDP, agricultural GTFP, and their source decomposition in time and space, and reveals their evolution law and development trend from the perspective of high-quality development of agricultural modernization. In this way, we can provide an empirical basis and decision-making reference for accelerating the high-quality development of agricultural modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is one of the three major industries in China, and its level of development occupies an important position in the development of the national economy. At present, China vigorously promotes the strategy of rural revitalization, which provides new opportunities for agricultural modernization. Since modern agriculture and regional economy are coupled in a mutually influencing and constraining relationship, this paper constructs a coupled and coordinated evaluation index system of agricultural modernization and regional economic development. Using the entropy value method and coupled coordination degree model, the comprehensive development level and coordinated development degree of agricultural modernization and regional economic development of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in China from 2011 to 2020 were evaluated, revealing the time evolution and spatial distribution characteristics of the two systems. The results show that: (1) In the past decade, China's agricultural modernization and regional economy have made some progress in terms of their respective development levels and the degree of coupling and coordination between them. (2) In terms of spatial evolution, there are obvious regional differences between the two systems, and the coupling coordination degree shows a "ladder" distribution pattern from the east to the central, northeastern, and western parts of the country. (3) Regions with a high level of regional economic development also have a relatively high degree of coupling and coordination between agricultural modernization and regional economic development. Our results provide insights into the economic effects of agricultural modernization in China and provide useful insights into the future direction of agricultural development programs in countries around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Emancipação is the property of Revista Emancipacao - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Science and technology is the main support of modern agriculture. To start a new journey of Chinese agricultural modernization, we must always adhere to the principle that agricultural science and technology are the first productive force, education and technical training are the premise of promoting agriculture and strengthening agriculture, and talents are the first resource, so as to build an integrated system of highly integrated agricultural education, science and technology, and talents. Aiming at the main problems existing in the process of high quality agricultural development, this paper puts forward targeted policy suggestions on building an integrated system from three aspects: overall integration of agricultural training competent departments and institutions, strengthening agricultural science and technology promotion, and vigorously implementing the “three strategies”, so as to provide basic and strategic support for promoting high-quality agricultural development and building agricultural modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ningxia, a comparatively small and underdeveloped autonomous region for China's Muslim Hui minority in the country's northwest, has increasingly received attention as the home of Chinese grape wine in both domestic and international media. This image of Ningxia as a home of wine is comparatively recent, and significant in several regards: first, wine fills a void in Ningxia's local image-building strategy for tourism and trade, which had emerged from the abrupt abandoning of an earlier strategy of stressing Ningxia's identity as a Muslim region. Second, wine is an agricultural product that is highly compatible with an urban, modern, and middle-class lifestyle as conceptualized by the dominant party-state discourse. Third, this framing lays claim to a new self-confidence in China's domestic wine market, which is expected to be able to compete internationally in terms of both quantity and quality. Ningxia wines have been winning a number of international awards in recent years, and the region at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountains, belonging to its capital Yinchuan, is aspiring to become an equivalent to France's Bordeaux, while also building up a distinct Chinese wine identity. As such, Ningxia wine is linked to Chinese nationalism: wine serves as both a global marker of taste and prosperity and source of local identity. Building on theories of nationalism and globalization, this paper traces the discourses surrounding Ningxia wine via ethnographic observations and several interviews conducted during a six-month field stay in Yinchuan in 2019, as well as through analysis of academic discussions, news items, and social media posts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural agricultural modernization is a hot topic in academic circles in recent years. On the premise of explaining the significance of accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, this paper analyzes the problems existing in agricultural industrialization, the loss of rural talents, the ability of rural governance and the need to improve the financial system of agriculture and rural areas, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to provide theoretical reference for accelerating the construction of an agricultural power and promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of “digital era”, the rapid development of big data technology and cloud computing technology has promoted China’s informatization process to a new level, integrating more and more originally scattered data into a huge database. Promoting the high-quality development of digital economy has become a key path for regional economic growth and industrial development transformation, and also a key way to synchronously promote the coordinated development of new urbanization and agricultural modernization. Based on the balanced panel data of Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020, this paper conducts theoretical research and empirical analysis by building the index evaluation system of the coupling system of digital economy, new urbanization and agricultural modernization, measures and studies by using the entropy weight TOPSIS model and the coupling coordination analysis model, and divides the stages according to the evaluation standard of coupling coordination, summarizes and analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the coordinated development of the three systems in Hebei Province. Finally, according to the analysis results, the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality coordinated development are put forward from the aspects of improving the high-quality coordinated development mechanism of digital economy and “two modernizations”, building a special agricultural town with regional characteristics, and strengthening the construction of agricultural digital talent team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural modernization is the most important task of modernization construction. This study used the multi-index comprehensive measurement method to estimate the agricultural modernization level of Shandong Province from 2010 to 2019. Regional differences were analyzed using the ESDA method, and the main obstacles were diagnosed using the obstacle degree model. This paper constructs an index system, including an agricultural production system, a management system, an industrial system, output benefits, rural social development, and agricultural sustainable development. The results showed that the level of agricultural modernization in Shandong Province was divided into three stages: decelerating ascent (2010–2013), accelerating ascent (2014–2016), and high-level fluctuation (2017–2019). Results found that the scores of the agricultural production system, rural development level, and agricultural industrial system peaked in 2017.The regional difference in the agricultural modernization level of Shandong Province is high in the north and low in the south of China. The main obstacles in the rising stage of agricultural modernization in Shandong Province are the proportion of the added value of agriculture, forestry, fishery, and animal husbandry service; the amount of fertilizer and pesticide used per land area; the total power of units farmland machinery; the high-level fluctuation order are shelterbelt construction rate; the proportion of livestock production value; rural per capita electricity consumption; and rural employment rate. The average arable land per household and the employment rate of the rural population are the key obstacles to high levels of agricultural modernization. Therefore, optimizing industrial structure, improving the input of productive factors, cultivating a high-quality rural labor force, improving the efficiency of agricultural funds use, and awareness of the sustainable development of agriculture are all suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural talents are the foundation of strengthening and prospering agriculture. Accelerating the promotion of Chinese agricultural modernization puts forward new and higher requirements for rural talents, and the problems and challenges faced by the cultivation of rural talents are more severe. It is urgent to cultivate a group of high-level rural talents, Great Farmer Craftsman (GFC), who love agriculture, rural areas and farmers, take root in rural areas and revitalize industries, to guide smallholders to enter the track of modern agricultural development with advanced concepts and business models. Based on the analysis of the resume information of the winners of the national farmers’ skill competition, this paper expounds the connotation and characteristics of the GFC, and the value of cultivation of GFC in Chinese agricultural modernization; analyzes the cultivation system of GFC from three aspects of the cultivation object, the cultivation subject and the cultivation plan; then proposes the practical path of the cultivation of the GFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual transfer of an enormous young and middle age labor force from agricultural field to non-agricultural sectors, the negative role of land fragmentation (LF), which is related to food security, is increasingly reflecting in the process of agricultural modernization. Meanwhile, the positive roles of farmers' combined-tillage in production are gradually emerging. Based on the above background, this study explained the relationship among farmers' combined-tillage, LF and agricultural production efficiency (APE). The study used survey date and the SFA-QR model to empirically investigate the effects of LF and farmers' combined-tillage on APE. Furthermore, this article analyzed the moderating effect of farmers' combined-tillage on the relationship between LF and APE. The results demonstrated that: (1) Farmers combinedtillage improves the APE significantly, especially on low and medium efficiency households; (2) LF has a negative impact on APE, especially on low and medium efficiency households; (3) Combined-tillage could alleviate the adverse effects of LF on APE. In this regard, the paper also proposed some suggestions to face the adverse effects of LF and promote farmers' combined-tillage in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is a traditional agricultural country, and the integration of rural industries has become an essential policy direction for the current strategy of agricultural modernization in China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of integrated rural industry development in China, identify problems in the development process, and combine analysis of related theories and practices of rural industry integration to propose strategies to enhance the level of integrated rural industry development in China. Hence, this paper, rooted in the integration of rural industries, cross-industry, industry extension, industry agglomeration, and industry penetration, sets up a measurement index system. Using provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, the paper measures the level of integrated development in rural industries across China and its 31 provinces. Research indicates that during the sample period, the overall level of integrated development in rural industries in various provinces in China has shown an upward trend. Development among the eastern, central, and western regions is highly uneven, but this disparity has been gradually narrowing in recent years. Furthermore, the levels of integrated development in different provinces exhibit significant spatial agglomeration effects. The development level of neighboring regions significantly impacts the province’s development status.

• Research status of 3D reconstruction technology in agriculture was summarized. • Sensors, systems and methods used in 3D reconstruction were summarized. • The applications of 3D reconstruction methods in agriculture were summarized. • Challenges and future trends of 3D reconstruction in agriculture were reported. Perceiving the shape and structure of the real three-dimensional world through sensors and cameras is indispensable across various domains. The 3D reconstruction technology is dedicated to realizing this ideal process. 3D reconstruction technology serves as a transformative tool, enriching our ability to perceive the genuine shape and stereo structure of objects and scenes in the real world. Through combining advanced sensors, image processing algorithms and 3D reconstruction methods, it captures the shape and structural information of targets from multiple perspectives and dimensions, and creates highly realistic 3D models in the virtual environment. With the rapid modernization of agriculture and ongoing technological progress, the demand for more efficient and precise management and monitoring methods in agricultural production is increasing. Traditional observation and measurement methods face challenges such as low efficiency and incomplete data. 3D reconstruction technology provides more accurate and intelligent management tools for smart agriculture. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the research progress based on 3D reconstruction technology in smart agriculture. It delves into the characteristics and development of various sensors and sensing systems, discussing various methods to implement 3D reconstruction technology. Different from applications in industrial environments, agricultural environments and crops are usually complex and variable, and consideration of diverse factors is required for the selection of suitable sensors and reconstruction methods. Therefore, several aspects of applications are summarized, such as agricultural robotics, crop phenotyping, livestock, and the food industry. Finally, the challenges and potential future trends of 3D reconstruction in agriculture are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plants, People, Planet is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: As an advanced agricultural technology equipment, the functional integration design and appearance aerodynamic characteristics of hexacopter agricultural UAV are significant for improving the efficiency of agricultural production. Methods: Firstly, the study carried out the functional integration design of the hexacopter agricultural UAV, and completed the matching analysis and selection of the relevant components of the power system. Then, the numerical simulation method of computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of the UAV. Finally, the role of different propeller pitch on important parameters such as lift and range time of the UAV was verified. Results and discussion: The results showed that in the XY section of the UAV, namely, the surface parallel to the flight direction, the areas with high streamline velocityweremainly concentrated at the intersection of the airflowwith the landing gear and the motor. The streamlines in the front of the UAV were tightly and neatly distributed, while those in the rearwere sparser. Themotor force efficiencies of the UAVswith different propeller pitches ranged from7.05 to 7.25 g/w. At a flight speed of 5m/s, themotor force effect of theUAV with a pitch of 260mmreached 7.25 g/w, which was the highest value among all models. Meanwhile, it had the longest endurance time of 19.14 min, indicating the best performance. The results suggested that it not only promoted the modernization of agricultural UAVs but also effectively enhanced the efficiency of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a deep learning-based system for apple defect detection and quality grading was developed, integrating various advanced image-processing technologies and machine learning algorithms to enhance the automation and accuracy of apple quality monitoring. Experimental validation demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed model in handling complex image tasks. In the defect-segmentation experiments, the method achieved a precision of 93%, a recall of 90%, an accuracy of 91% and a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 92%, significantly surpassing traditional deep learning models such as U-Net, SegNet, PSPNet, UNet++, DeepLabv3+ and HRNet. Similarly, in the quality-grading experiments, the method exhibited high efficiency with a precision of 91%, and both recall and accuracy reaching 90%. Additionally, ablation experiments with different loss functions confirmed the significant advantages of the Jump Loss in enhancing model performance, particularly in addressing class imbalance and improving feature learning. These results not only validate the effectiveness and reliability of the system in practical applications but also highlight its potential in automating the detection and grading processes in the apple industry. This integration of advanced technologies provides a new automated solution for quality control of agricultural products like apples, facilitating the modernization of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural environmental governance serves as the foundational pillar of national governance, intricately linked to the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, as well as the cultivation of rural culture. Furthermore, it plays a pivotal role in fostering industrial prosperity, ensuring effective governance, and elevating living standards. This study employs a range of sophisticated software tools, including VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and ArcGIS, among others, to analyze and construct a comprehensive knowledge map encompassing 3370 research articles focused on rural environmental governance, sourced from the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and WOS (Web of Science) databases. This analytical endeavor delves into research themes, key areas of interest, developmental milestones, and emerging trends within the realm of rural environmental governance, thereby shedding light on the overarching trajectory of research endeavors in this domain within China. The findings reveal distinct phases in the evolution of research trends in the Chinese rural environmental governance literature, encompassing four distinct epochs: a period of sluggish growth (2002–2009), a phase of accelerated expansion (2009–2014), a span marked by stable and rapid advancement (2014–2021), and a recent period characterized by fluctuating decline (2021–2022). Moreover, the analysis highlights a burgeoning diversity in the distribution of relevant research disciplines. However, it is noteworthy that there exists a scarcity of highly prolific authors, and the formation of cohesive research teams has encountered challenges, underscoring significant deficiencies in research collaboration and academic discourse. As a prospective direction, future research should be tailored to the unique natural resources and socio-human characteristics intrinsic to different regions. It should also emphasize interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary investigations, with a focal point on economically disadvantaged regions situated in the central and western parts of the nation. Such an approach aims to bolster the overall caliber of domestic research endeavors in the field of rural environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the various appropriations of the term agroecology, which, according to the bibliography, emerged in the 1930s in the context of agronomic studies on the optimization of agricultural production. In the 1960s, after the critique of the modernization of agriculture and its devastating effects, the meaning of agroecology shifted to insurgent spatial practices. A quantitative-qualitative analysis of the current use of the term in Brazilian academic journals of different scientific disciplines shows that the main focus is technical-environmental, thus revealing an understanding of a debilitated and depoliticized agroecology that allows the notion to be used in the opposite sense defended by social movements: the affirmation of a "sustainable green revolution" through the certification of Agribusiness 4.0, as it is being discussed at the international level, in the face of the dramatic rates of deforestation in the Amazon, represents an example of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the digital economy, rural e-commerce has emerged as a compelling catalyst for driving the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. It has given rise to notable exemplars such as "Taobao villages" and "Taobao towns", paving the way for scalable pathways toward rural revitalization. The transition from Taobao villages to Taobao towns signifies the evolution of rural e-commerce from scattered nodes to interconnected networks, reflecting a significant development trend. While existing studies have primarily focused on the spatiotemporal patterns of Taobao villages, limited research has been conducted on the spatiotemporal characteristics and the underlying evolution mechanism of Taobao towns. To fill the research gap, this study investigates the spatial-temporal evolution of Taobao towns employing geospatial methods and identifies key contributing factors using GeoDetector in China. The results show that: (1) The coverage of Taobao towns expands year by year in all provinces and cities, showing a "T-shaped and three-center" spatial pattern with a decreasing gradient from southeast to northwest. (2) Taobao towns in the central area are developing rapidly and are becoming an emerging development center. (3) The development of Taobao towns is the result of a combination of multiple factors, including regional economic base, social environment, market atmosphere, transportation conditions, infrastructure construction, etc. The study can provide Chinese experience for rural development and transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the progression of agricultural modernization and digital economy integration has introduced new opportunities and challenges for the advancement of China's agriculture towards high-quality development. Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, we use the entropy method, coupling coordination model, spatial auto-correlation model, and obstacle model to explore the degree of coupling coordination and influencing factors of China's digital economy and agricultural modernization. The results show the following. (1) China's digital economy and agricultural modernization are underdeveloped on the whole, but they show a positive upward trajectory. The digital economy is outpacing the development of agricultural modernization, but the gap between the two is gradually narrowing. (2) The degree of coupling coordination between China's digital economy and agricultural modernization shows an upward trend. Additionally, there is regional heterogeneity and uneven development of the coupling coordination, i.e., it is high in the eastern region and low in the western region, accompanied by strong spatial agglomeration and correlation. (3) The main obstacle to the progression of the digital economy is digital infrastructure, while the main obstacle to the progression of agricultural modernization is agricultural production capacity. Based on China's national conditions, we should fully promote the role of the digital economy, explore plans and strategies for promoting the digital economy in differentiated areas, mitigate any imbalanced development, promote the coordinated development of the digital economy and agricultural modernization, and provide decision-making references for the implementation of a digitized China, as well as rural revitalization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural production contributes to the increase in global carbon emissions. It is crucial to improve output and reduce carbon emissions in the context of agricultural modernization, for which improved carbon emission efficiency is key. However, the role of agricultural modernization in promoting agricultural carbon emission efficiency is not clear. Hence, the aim of this article is to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of agricultural modernization and agricultural carbon emission efficiency in China from 2000 to 2019 and to reveal the relationship between agricultural modernization and agricultural carbon emission efficiency. The results showed that (1) in China, the overall level of agricultural modernization has been steadily increasing, and the regional differences are widening, showing a spatial pattern characterized by a gradual decline from the eastern and central regions to the western region. (2) China's agricultural carbon emission efficiency continues to grow but has not achieved a data envelopment analysis (DEA) effect, with the eastern and western regions having higher agricultural carbon efficiency than the central region. The regional differences first narrow and then expand. (3) Agricultural modernization significantly promotes agricultural carbon emission efficiency in both the province and the neighboring provinces, and the interprovincial spillover effect exceeds the direct effect within the province. A nonlinear correlation exists between agricultural modernization and agricultural carbon emission efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rural reform is reliant on farmers' cooperatives as a key organization vehicle. It plays an important role in promoting rural revitalization. Such as, realizing the organic connection between small farmers and agricultural modernization. This study used the nearest neighbor index and kernel density estimation to analyze the spatial distribution and structural characteristics of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province. It revealed the spatial differentiation law of cooperatives. Also using geographical detectors to figure out the main factors that affect the spatial distribution. The results show that: ① Hunan Farmers Cooperatives show significant spatial agglomeration. The overall spatial distribution shows the spatial characteristics of "one core, one circle, and multiple points". And the spatial distribution pattern of "large agglomeration, finger-shaped radiation distribution". Among them, the distribution of provincial demonstration cooperatives is relatively balanced. ② Cooperatives in six types of industries, such as planting, forestry, and feeding, showed agglomeration distribution. Different industrial cooperatives spread out in different ways, such as in an anti-"L" shape, a dual-core shape, or a one-center area. ③ The 24 influence factors selected from the five dimensions of the natural environment, social economic basis, production basis, output capacity, and facility basis have high, general, and weak influence on cooperatives' spatial distribution. The development and distribution of cooperatives mainly depend on resource endowment, social and economic development level, and market dependence. The spatial distribution heterogeneity of different professional cooperatives is mainly affected by slope, per capita disposable income of rural residents, road density, and other factors. ④ The progression of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province should prioritize high-quality development, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches and transformative strategies within rural industrial organizations. It is imperative to optimize the spatial distribution of cooperatives, strategically contributing to the establishment of a novel framework for modern agricultural development in Hunan Province. Additionally, there is a critical emphasis on spearheading collaborative initiatives among cooperatives of varied industrial types, aimed at fostering the integrated development of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The act of land transfer in rural areas is an important decision-making mechanism for farmers, to enhance resource allocation efficiency and promote capital mobility, and this act is of strategic importance in promoting the level of agricultural scale and mechanization, land system change, and, thus, the sustainable development of livelihoods and production in China. This study aims to explore farmers' decision-making mechanisms in the process of land transfer in rural areas, by constructing a theoretical framework. Structural equation modeling was used, based on data from a survey of rural families in the Liaoning Province area of Northeastern China. The main findings are as follows: (1) The seven types of exogenous latent variables, including environmental vulnerability, policy, and five main livelihood assets (natural capital, physical capital, financial capital, human capital, and social capital), are intermediary in farmers' land transfer behavior, which then positively affect farmers' livelihood outcomes. (2) Among the exogenous latent variables affecting farmers' land transfer, human assets have the most significant positive effect, followed by social assets and physical assets, family labor force share, frequency of work information exchange, and number of production tools, greatly affect the corresponding variable. (3) Natural assets play the most important role and have a negative effect on farmers' land transfer decision; contracted area of land per family is the greatest impacted measurable variable of this. The results of the study suggest that the government should strengthen skills training for farmers, improve the land transfer policy system, and provide appropriate subsidies in a regionally targeted manner. Thus, it can promote the transformation of Chinese-style agricultural modernization and achieve rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the impact of economic modernization on carbon balance is an essential endeavor to achieve carbon neutrality and combat climate change. However, the spatial impact of economic modernization on carbon balance remains ambiguous. Therefore, this study aims to explore the spatial spillover effects of agricultural modernization, industrialization, and urbanization on carbon balance during the economic modernization process in China, taking 30 provinces and cities in China as examples from 2010 to 2021. This study utilizes the spatial Durbin model to derive the following results: In the past decade, the carbon balance ratio has shown a fluctuating and decreasing dynamic evolution trend. There is an increase in regions with serious carbon deficits. Further investigation into the spatial spillover effect of carbon balance unveils that for every 1% increase in the carbon balance ratio of a province, neighboring provinces experience a decrease of 0.833%. Additionally, the spatial spillover effects of the three modernizations in China on the carbon balance ratio behave differently. Agricultural modernization and urbanization demonstrate negative spatial spillover effects on the carbon balance in neighboring regions, while industrialization exerts a significant positive spatial spillover effect on the carbon balance of neighboring regions. Regarding control variables, the level of innovation solely contributes to local carbon balance realization without generating a trickle-down effect, whereas infrastructure development operates inversely. At the same time, there are differences in the spatial effects of agricultural modernization and industrialization on the carbon balance between the eastern region and the central and western regions. The study underscores the importance of economic modernization and development processes focusing on fostering synergistic growth between economic and environmental benefits within both local and neighboring areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of food has evolved significantly in recent years throughout Europe, under the pressure of environmental and climate constraints as well as a set of factors related to food dependence and changes in consumption patterns. Short circuit practices, embedded in localized agrifood systems, although in the minority in terms of volumes consumed, are growing rapidly and are a sign of these developments. The recent health crisis has further highlighted the need to think of food as a global system with many variables and multiple interdependencies between these. This article outlines the global food system that has resulted from the modernization of agriculture in Europe and North America, and the powerful movement of globalization on a global scale. It describes the emergence of a territorial food system with characteristics that are distinct from the overall system. Finally, the article explores the alternative nature of the territorial system and its ability to provide solutions to recurring crises in the global food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Puno-Peruvian high plateau have been shaped by humans over the last 8000 years. The Waru Waru system is a direct result of the agricultural activities of the pre-Inca in the last 2000 years. The present study was conducted in the circumlacustrine zone of Titicaca (445,532 ha) near the city of Puno, Peru. The parent material of the soils originates from the Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine deposits within the high plateau with fl at landscapes, and the land is used for temporary and perennial cultivation as well as extensive natural pasture. The entire region was assessed through a preliminary soil survey, based on which three soil profi les were selected as representative Waru Waru soil structures. The soil samples were subjected to morphological and physicochemical analyses and the genesis in relation to historical use was investigated. The results showed that sandy loam and clay loam textures dominate and the average sand content is 52%, giving the parent material acidic characteristics. The soils are typically covered by natural grassland, with adequate drainage conditions and the presence of a hydrological discontinuity at a depth of 60 cm. The stagnic properties of the soils are related to the seasonally wet and paleohydromorphic conditions originating from paleolacustrine conditions and fl ooding. The soils exhibited high variability in base content, with pH ranging from acidic to neutral and evidence of ion leaching processes and incipient concentration of salts at depth. The predominant soils were Stagnosols, Cambisols and Phaeozems in the same order (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2022), corresponding to Inceptisols and Mollisols (Soil Survey Staff, 2022a). The Waru Waru agricultural system covers an area of approximately 123,000 ha, with 5% of this area consisting of natural grasslands. The degradation of the traditional agriculture system (Waru Waru) is infl uenced by the socio-cultural dynamics and modernization of the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the interaction between land policies and rural labor migration in China and Europe, highlighting how land reforms guide labor mobility and their impacts on land and social structures. In China, the Household Contract Responsibility System and land transfer policies have facilitated agricultural scale expansion and the urbanization of the rural labor force. Homestead reforms have further enhanced farmers’ asset liquidity. In Europe, using Spain as a case study, EU agricultural policies have spurred agricultural modernization, economic diversification, and intensive land use. These advancements benefitted from a mature land transfer market and increased non-agricultural employment opportunities. Both China and Europe face challenges of population aging and rural depopulation, necessitating improvements in land use efficiency, the balance of the scale, and the protection of farmers’ rights and interests. Europe addresses labor shortages through technology, mechanization, and cooperatives, while China employs land trusteeship, transfer platforms, and the “three rights separation” system to combat land abandonment and labor shortages. Future research should strengthen comparative studies between China and Europe, quantify interactive relationships, consider the impact of transnational labor mobility under globalization, explore policy innovations, and foster international cooperation to address demographic changes and agricultural labor shortages. Additionally, promoting sustainable land use and farmers’ rights, equalizing urban–rural public services, enhancing education and training, and improving the social security system are crucial for integrated urban–rural development.

An important task of China’s agricultural development is to achieve modernization in all respects. The rural revitalization strategy was first introduced in the report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. This strategy now stands as the general guiding principle and central task of China’s agricultural initiatives in the new era and serves as a pivotal move toward advancing agricultural modernization. Taking into consideration the current situation of China’s agricultural development, the authors analyze the factors driving agricultural modernization and project the trajectory of agricultural modernization by 2035. The findings indicate that China has created a conducive institutional and development environment in production, consumption, industry, science and technology, trade, etc., thereby laying a solid foundation for its agricultural modernization. Projections suggest that by 2035, China will establish itself as the world’s preeminent nation in agricultural production and consumption, a powerhouse in agricultural industrialization and agricultural product trading, and a leading country in agricultural science and technology. However, China still faces tremendous challenges in terms of consumption structures, quality requirements, industrial development, format innovation, production methods, service functions, scientific and technological levels, and personnel structure. Therefore, on the path to agricultural modernization, China still needs to advance the structural reforms on the agricultural supply side, shift its agricultural production and operation methods, elevate its level of opening up in agriculture, and foster a deeper integration between urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is undergoing a rapid agrarian transition from dispersed household farming to large-scale, mechanized, and commercialized agricultural production, while retaining collective rural land ownership. Reforms have encouraged transfers of rural land to new subjects of agriculture including agribusinesses, family farmers, and cooperatives, leading to capitalist dynamics in agriculture both from above and from below. Central-state pressure to scale up and modernize agriculture has led local governments to engage in creative experimentation with new institutional forms. This article investigates one such innovation, which has been widely lauded as an important model: the creation of an "agricultural co-management system" in Chongzhou City, Sichuan province, which combines land shareholding cooperatives (LSCs), the hiring of new professional farm managers for the LSCs, and state-provided agricultural services aimed at modernization. We demonstrate that the Chongzhou government's experimentation arose from political economic incentives to capitalize and modernize agriculture as well as the locally specific circumstances of the failure of a dragonhead enterprise. Examining the three components of the agricultural co-management system in depth, we argue that it has deepened rural differentiation through a process of state-led accumulation, and that the continued scaling up of LSCs in the context of a new modern agricultural functional zone threatens to further erode shareholder control. These LSCs, set within the agricultural co-management system, are a new subject of agriculture that combine elements of capitalization from above and below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the deepening of China’s agricultural labor division, the rapid development of agricultural machinery service has had a profound impact on farmland scale management. Based on the new classical economic and transaction cost theories, this paper investigates the impact mechanism of agricultural machinery service on farmers’ farmland transfer-in decision from the dual perspectives of transaction cost and benefit of labor division, and uses the national rural survey data on the Chinese Family Database to conduct empirical research by using the ordinary least square (OLS) model and limited information maximum likelihood (LIML) method. The study finds that, first, agricultural machinery service expands farmers’ farmland transfer-in decision by encouraging them to obtain the economic efficiency of labor division. Not only agricultural machinery service can alleviate the constraint of farmers’ farmland transfer in labor and capital but also reduce the service transaction cost and increase farmers’ share of the division of labor economy, which further stimulates farmers to expand the scale of management. Second, with the deepening of labor division of agricultural machinery services, the higher transaction efficiency of agricultural machinery service promotes farmers’ farmland transfer-in participation. As long as the marginal net benefit obtained is greater than zero, farmers have incentives to expand the scale of farmland. Therefore, in order to promote China’s farmland scale management, the professional, whole-process, and large-scale development of agricultural machinery services should be further promoted, and the service capacity and fields should be expanded so that outsourcing services can be better provided to agricultural production demanders. At the same time, the technical standards, supervision system, and service platform of agricultural machinery should be established and improved so as to enhance the bargaining position of farmers in service outsourcing transactions, thus promoting the development of agricultural division of labor to a higher level and realizing the mutual promotion and mutual benefit of agricultural machinery service subjects and agricultural land scale management subjects.

This study provides theoretical and empirical evidence for the agricultural–ecological benefits of digital inclusive finance development. We analyzed the satellite resolution data of agricultural fires and an aggregate development index of digital inclusive finance at the county level in China from 2014 to 2016. The regression analysis demonstrated that digital inclusive finance development can inhibit straw burning, and that the inhibiting effect is more effective in agriculture-oriented counties located in the plain area of the eastern-central developed regions. Additionally, the influence mechanism, whereby digital inclusive finance development may reduce straw burning by improving agricultural mechanization, was also examined. The impact of digital inclusive finance on green agriculture production needs to be explored further since it is a revolutionary mode of financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)