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Background and Aim: Pediculus humanus capitis, the human head louse, remains a global health problem. This study evaluated the resistance of head lice to permethrin and 6-paradol mediated by in vitro detoxification enzyme activity experiments and to describe physical changes in the lice using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: The adult stages of P. h. capitis were collected from patients exposed to 1% permethrin and three different concentrations of 6-paradol (0.00005%, 0.0001%, and 0.00015%) using a filter paper diffusion bioassay. Healthy P. h. capitis adults served as the control. The in vitro bioassays were conducted after 10, 20, 30, and 60 min of exposure. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase were analyzed. Physical changes in the lice were analyzed using SEM. Results: Permethrin and 6-paradol exhibited low toxicity against the lice. At 60 min, 1% permethrin had killed 36.7% of the lice present, while 6-paradol had killed 66.7-86.7%. Permethrin induced significantly elevated AChE, GST, and oxidase activity; 6-paradol also caused significantly elevated AChE, GST, and oxidase activity. Permethrin did not cause any ultrastructural morphological changes on the lice, while 6-paradol severely damaged the head, thorax, respiratory spiracles, and abdomen of the dead lice. Conclusion: This in vitro experimental of P. h. capitis is the first study to report P. h. capitis in East Jakarta shows complete resistance to permethrin and 6-paradol, and to describe the associated increase in AChE, GST, and oxidase activity. It was observed that 6-paradol severely damaged the head, thorax, respiratory spiracles, and abdomen of the dead lice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop LIRP (location-inventory-routing problem) model with considering multiple links and solve it using method of heuristic based on algorithm of simulated annealing. Method of heuristic for the LIRP model is applied in city of Jakarta to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the food supply chain. Design/methodology/approach: The LIRP model is developed using main references. To solve the model, this paper develops two methods, namely method of optimal and method of heuristic. Computational experiments are performed to obtain the efficiency of the method of heuristic. New design of food supply chain is resulted from the application of the method of heuristic in city of Jakarta. Findings: The new design of food supply chain resulted from the application of LIRP model in city of Jakarta reduces total cost by 18%, increases availability from 76% to 95%, and reduces the number of vehicles by 73%. This paper also shows that distance is not the only consideration to decide the traversed links in cities. Research limitations/implications: Average gap between method of heuristic and method of optimal in terms of total cost is 3.1%. Practical implications: Government of city of Jakarta can improve effectiveness and efficiency of the food supply chain by implementing the LIRP model. Social implications: Citizens of Jakarta are well provided with their needs of vegetables and fruits. Originality/value: The first LIRP model that considers multiple links to represent road networks in cities. The LIRP model developed in this paper consists of probabilistic demands, multi products, and multi echelons. Traditional markets, UCCs (urban consolidation centers) and province of suppliers are the places where decisions of inventory made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper explores the proposed relocation of Indonesia's capital city from Jakarta to Kalimantan. With its population of over 10 million, Jakarta faces environmental challenges such as severe traffic congestion and air pollution. This study used mixed methods and triangulation of data collection to investigate the capital's relocation challenges and the prospects of the nations development. The methods include interviews with key informants in selected government agencies and non-governmental agencies, as well as content analysis of relevant secondary data and information. The results contribute to our understanding of the socioeconomic, political, and environmental impacts of relocating a capital city in an archipelagic country like Indonesia. The paper concludes that the proposed new capital's location in Kalimantan offers a more sustainable alternative with the potential for economic growth and ecological preservation. It could serve as a symbol of national identity and a representation of the nation's advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Love is a narrative that takes a defined form, even in lived experiences. This raises the question of whether same-sex love that follows the traditional romance narrative can be rightfully considered queer. Arab Muslims live in a society strongly tied to Islamic restrictions where the subject of homosexuality is strictly forbidden and considered taboo. The ideal of being loved and loving someone almost universally aspired to. This paper examines the definition of love, provides insight into the perspectives on love from sociologists Durkheim, Marx, Sorokin, and Parson, and analyzes queer love in Indonesia. Through four short narratives, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of love for both heterosexual and homosexual individuals. The research employs a qualitative method, and the interviews were limited to four participants aged between 35 and 45 from Jakarta. The study affords participants considerable freedom in answering the provided questions. I conduct interviews at various locations such as shopping malls, restaurants, and coffee shops, following the interviewees' preferences. For privacy reasons, pseudonyms are used for all names mentioned in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the various speech acts that lecturers use in a Discourse Analysis classroom. The study attempted to determine which type was most frequently used based on Searle's theory. The study was conducted by involving two lecturers of Discourse Analysis classroom in the Graduate Program of English Education UIN Jakarta, using a qualitative research design. The data were gathered through Zoom video recordings capturing the nuances of learning sessions and the collection of messages within the WhatsApp class group. Subsequently, the data were transcribed and analyzed. The interesting findings revealed; 50% of what lecturers said consisted of commands or directives, 24% were representatives, 13% were commissive, and also 13% were expressive. The results indicated that the most dominant type of speech act was directives (50%). Lecturers predominantly utilized directives to guide students in specific actions, including; asking students to allocate more time to study, suggesting them to read reputable scientific journals, and encouraging students to work gradually on their papers to avoid last-minute rushes. In the end, this research helps to understand how lecturers talk and share ideas in a Discourse Analysis classroom. It also provides insights into how lecturers conduct teaching in that particular class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cope with massive development, many urban and surrounding rural areas have been agglomerated into a greater metropolitan area, aiming for regional economic development. Many of these metropolitan areas have experienced a dramatic increase in impacted area and economic loss from annual flooding. The issues and challenges emerging from transboundary river flood risk management have become a major concern for the Jakarta metropolitan area with a long river basin crossing several administrative jurisdictions. Previous studies have addressed the challenges of flood risk, but they have tended to overlook transboundary issues and power sharing. To tackle future flood events, this paper aims to unveil transboundary challenges and power sharing in flood management, learning from Ciliwung River. As the longest river basin crossing cities and regencies of Greater Jakarta, the complexity of Ciliwung flood risk management was driven by flood variables triggered not only by natural, physical, and socioeconomic factors, but also by transboundary challenges and power sharing. A total of 13 significant transboundary flood drivers were identified from the literature, policy, and practices. Using Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC), a power–dependency model, several strategic key flood drivers were further recognized based on key stakeholders' perspectives obtained from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Findings of the study show that a lack of control of spatial plans and weak stakeholder coordination–cooperation are found to be the priority key flood drivers for risk reduction intervention. Finally, this study contributes to the literature on governance of flood risk management by emphasizing the need for a coordinated and integrated approach to mitigate flood risks that extend beyond administrative boundaries, enhancing overall resilience and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents methods of retrieving Twitter data, both streaming and archive data, using Application Programming Interfaces. Twitter data are a kind of Location Based Social Network Data that, nowadays, is emerging in transportation demand modeling. Data regarding the locations of trip makers represent the most crucial step in the modeling. No research article has specifically addressed this topic with an up-to-date method; hence, this paper aims to refresh methods for retrieving Twitter data that can capture relevant data. The method is unique as the data are gathered for trip production modeling in zonal urban areas. Python script programs were built for both data retrieving methods. The programs were run for streaming data from May 2020 to April 2021 and archive data from 2018. The data were collected within Serang City, which is the nearest provincial city to Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. In order to gather streaming data with no loss, the program has been run with referencing on sub-district office coordinate locations. Retrieving the intended data produces 1,090,623 documents, of which 54,103 are geotagged data from 2495 users. The study concluded that streaming data produce more geolocation data, while historical data capture more Twitter user data with relatively very little geotagged data and greater textual data than the period covered in this research. Thus, both techniques of retrieving Twitter data for urban personal trip modeling are necessary. Obtaining sufficient data collection using data streaming retrieval resulted in the most effective data preprocessing. This research contributes to Location Based Social Network data mining knowledge, both geolocation and text mining, and is useful for insight into developing trip production modeling in passenger transportation demand modeling using Machine Learning. This study also aims to provide useful methods for transportation system researchers and data scientists in utilizing Location Based Social Network data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important component of new western land-sea corridor, the construction of Pinglu Canal will effectively alleviated waiting time and congestion costs and enhance the reliability and resilience of the regional maritime transport network in the post-pandemic era in particular. From the perspective of competition and cooperation game, this paper investigates typical transportation routes from the port of Jakarta in Indonesia to the port of Nanning in China from the key factors of the changes in freight volume and the evolution of profits and subsidies, considering local government subsidies, environmental costs, marine emissions and other critical factors. The results demonstrated that in the centralized strategies adopted by two transport route operators, as the volume of goods transported through Pinglu Canal increased, so the corresponding profits increased. The increase in subsidies also contributed to generating the volume of freight through Pinglu Canal, but the social welfare under the decentralized strategy adopted by both transport route operators was more effective than that of the centralized strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile applications such as personalized tracking tools and food choice aids may enhance weight loss programs. We developed and assessed client preferences for the content, user interface, graphics, and logic flow of a mobile application, and evaluated its validity for tracking compliance with weight control and making healthy and sustainable food choices.Methods: Our four-stage study comprised formative research, application development, acceptance assessment, and validity. The formative research included literature reviews and six focus groups with 39 respondents aged 19-64 years at high risk for obesity. The development stage included programmer selection, defining application specifications, design, and user interface. Prototype acceptability was assessed with 53 respondents who graded 17 features of content, graphic design, and application flow (ranked as good, moderate, and poor). A feature was considered to have "good" acceptance if its mean response was higher than the mean of overall responses. The validity was assessed in 30 obese women using Bland-Altman plots to compare results from dietary intake assessment from the application to conventional paper-based methods.Results: The application was named as EatsUp®. The focus group participants defined the key requirements of this app as being informative, easy, and exciting to use. The EatsUp® core features consisted of simple menu recommendations, health news, notifications, a food database, estimated portion sizes, and food pictures. The prototype had a "good" overall acceptance regarding content, graphics, and flow. Fourteen out of 17 parameters were graded as "good" from > 70% of respondents. There was no significant difference between the rated proportions for content, graphics, and app flow (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z-test, p > .05). The agreement using the Bland-Altman plots between EatsUp® and the paper-based method of measuring food intake was good, with a mean difference of energy intake of only 2.63 ± 28.4 kcal/day (p > 0.05), well within the 95% confidence interval for agreement.Conclusions: The EatsUp® mobile application had good acceptance for graphics and app flow. This application can support the monitoring of balanced and sustainable dietary practice by providing nutritional data, and is comparable with conventional dietary assessment tools, and performed well in tracking energy, macronutrient, and selected micronutrients intakes.Trial Registration: NCT03469869 . The registration date was March 19, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelagic country located on the equator. The issue of climate change has become a global issue that has impacted several sectors in Indonesia recently. The presence of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has contributed to conducting studies on flood and drought events. This review paper summarized 16 published papers that have gone through peer-review, both in the form of publications in journals and at conferences. Since the release of the IPCC AR5 to date, ten studies on flooding and six studies on drought events have been conducted. The most publications on this in 2019 were five publications. Of the various types of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios used with various methods, the most widely used scenario RCPs is RCP4.5. From the climate change scenario, precipitations parameter is the main parameter that is used in assessing flood or drought events. There are studies conducted on a district / city, provincial scale, and some are even carried out on a watershed scale. The location or province that most flood studies have been carried out is in the capital of Jakarta. The results of these studies generally indicate that the incidence of floods and droughts will increase in the future. Therefore, adaptation steps are needed to deal with unfavorable conditions in the future. Moreover, as the capital city, Jakarta has been estimated that the projected flood incidence will increase. Several publications have provided steps to deal with these challenges on the positive side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the challenges of and facilitating strategies for linking disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in addressing urban floods, drawing from Indonesia's experience. The fragmentation between efforts to implement DRR and CCA leading to unnecessary duplication could increase confusion at both the community and wider governance levels and reduce the effectiveness of urban flood management. Through the lens of collaborative governance, this paper analyzes the barriers for integrating DRR and CCA and options to better align their practices in the context of a megapolitan city, Jakarta, Indonesia. The key findings of this study confirmed that institutional fragmentation, in concert with inconsistent facilitation and collaboration mechanisms, were the strongest barriers to aligning DRR and CCA action. The absence of accountable leadership was a key impediment for successful partnership-building processes to support political and technical collaboration. Leadership in these contexts plays an important role in (1) developing sustainable relationships, (2) convincing potential stakeholders to collaborate, (3) persuading partners to commit to sharing resources, and (4) agreeing/sharing a common vision of the partnership actions needed to mitigate harm and reduce urban vulnerability. These factors are critically important for reducing the direct and indirect impacts of flooding in Jakarta. Such lessons from Indonesia on linking DRR and CCA offer valuable insights to inform the development of policies and strategies to deal with urban floods for global cities faced with similar challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way of living of many people across the planet. In the beginning of the pandemic, when the strict lockdown was implemented, numbers of individual were encouraged to work from home. In the city living, high rise living was apparent and became a global phenomenon. This paper evaluates natural ventilation performances of existing apartment units in Jakarta, Indonesia by measuring the indoor temperature, indoor airflow and relative humidity. This research studied three different apartment units in Jakarta in the form of single-sided ventilation or cross ventilation. This study conducted by field test measurement on three different apartment units across Jakarta with various natural ventilation strategy and room volume. Statistical analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship and influence between the results of field test measurement and external weather data collected from ERA5. The results of the analysis suggested that external weather influence the indoor air condition, especially indoor temperature where significant influence was apparent. Furthermore, the field test data measurement in this paper contributed to validation study in predicting indoor airflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of subsidence situations is important for the design of railway lines. Traditional geological investigations are expensive. Multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) analysis has shown great potential for detecting subsidence areas along large-scale manmade linear features (LMLFs). The disadvantage of applying high-resolution SAR data such as that from TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed data is the high cost. By contrast, the free and open data from Sentinel-1 A/B offer an unprecedented opportunity for InSAR applications. Despite these advantages, research investigating the potential for monitoring subsidence along LMSFs using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 InSAR data at the design stage of LMSFs is limited. This paper explores the monitoring ability of MT-InSAR analysis with Sentinel-1 A/B multi-temporal data in an experiment along the planned Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway in Bandung, Indonesia. Subsidence patterns along the route of the planned high-speed railway were analyzed in detail. By means of validation using 12 leveling points, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the average displacement velocity that was obtained from the MT-InSAR results was found to be 10.31 mm/yr. This paper demonstrates the potential of Sentinel-1 multi-temporal INSAR data to detect potential subsidence areas along planned LMLFs (e.g., the planned high-speed railway that is the focus of this study), serving as a reference for further planning of monitoring subsidence over planned LMLFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Art collectives come into existence for many reasons, whether to collaborate on art making or to generate a space for contemporary art outside of the established channels of exhibition and the art market. These efforts have been captured in recent exhibitions such as The Ungovernables, organized by the New Museum in 2012; Six Lines of Flight, which was launched at SFMOMA in 2013; and Cosmopolis I, organized by the Centre Pompidou in 2017. Artist collectives have received some scholarly attention, primarily as producers of artworks, but their exhibition-making practices have not been explored. Some of the collectives included in these exhibitions have also been very involved in exhibition making themselves. The Indonesian art collective ruangrupa was selected to curate the 2022 edition of documenta. This selection emerges not only from their participation in international biennials and their own exhibition practice in Jakarta—including the organization of regular exhibitions, workshops and film screenings at their compound—but also more ambitions events such as Jakarta 32 °C, a festival of contemporary art and media (2004–2014), or O.K. Video (2006–2018). Another group, the Raqs Media Collective, based in Delhi, curated the Shanghai Bienniale in 2016 and the Yokohama Trienniale in 2020. This paper will connect the local and the global through an examination of art collectives' community-based work in their own cities, and the way it translates into global art events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution and climate change are general problems for society. This paper proposes an integrated analysis of the Air Quality Index (AQI) and meteorological conditions in Jakarta. The column-based data integration model is applied to create integrated data of the Air Quality Index and meteorological conditions. The integrated data is then used to generate a causal graph using the PC algorithm. The causal graph reveals that there exist causal relationships between pollutants and meteorological conditions, e.g, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and duration of sunshine affect particulate matter 10 (PM 10 ); wind speed affects sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ); temperature affects ozone (O 3 ). The historical data records that the average wind speed is decreased and the number of unhealthy days has risen. Ozone and particulate matter are two pollutants that mainly influence poor air quality in Jakarta. The integrated data is also used to train Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for forecasting. Experimental results show that LSTM using integrated data produces smaller errors for forecasting AQI and meteorological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced cities worldwide to implement social distancing on a large scale and even lockdowns. City lockdowns are considered a public health policy to reduce virus spread and at the same time to protect vulnerable groups of the population. However, studying the implications of city lockdowns on urban populations' mental and emotional wellbeing has been widely neglected. Using a case study of Indonesia's capital and the largest metropolitan area of Jakarta, this study investigates the temporal dynamics of emotions experienced by the citizen during two months of city-scale lockdown. This paper uses Twitter text data as the source for emotional analysis with almost 9000 tweets. The study suggests that positive emotions were more common than negative texts across all periods under study, with lockdown acting as momentum for enhancing family gatherings and serving as a reminder of the importance of health, as the common positive emotions identified. The study provides evidence on the possibility of crowdsourcing data such as Twitter as an alternative source of data for urban analytics that allows researchers to understand the effect of activities and events in a certain location on its citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the electrical energy demand is consumed by urban activities. One of the renewable sources that can be used by urban communities is solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) systems. The amount of energy produced by a PV system is directly affected by the level of irradiation received by PV modules. Conventional PV systems are commonly installed with a fixed-mount system where the angle of incidence of radiation on solar modules changes over time. Solar irradiation would be optimum received by solar modules if the angle of incidence is kept at zero degrees, i.e., radiation is perpendicular to the surface of the modules. This condition can be achieved by employing a solar tracker system for solar modules. This paper studies the comparison of the energy output of PV systems between fixed-mount and without solar tracking in the urban area of Jakarta, Indonesia. The studies are carried out using Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) online simulation tools. The objective of the study is to compare and figure out the specific energy output between the optimized fixed-mount installation (without a tracking system) with solar tracking. In general, the results showed that the specific energy output PV system of a fixed-mount PV system in Jakarta is about 1379 kWh/kWp per year, while for the system with a solar tracking system, the specific energy production is about 1672 kWh/kWp. The information found is expected to be a useful reference for the development and promotion of solar energy, particularly in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manuscript type: Research paper. Research aims: This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of servant leadership and perceived organisational support on organisational citizenship behaviour through the mediator of lecturer commitment. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research adopts a quantitative approach. Lecturers from private universities in regional higher education service institutions (LLDIKTI) III DKI Jakarta, Indonesia formed the research population. Purposive sampling was employed as the sampling technique. Data collection involved surveys using a questionnaire as the research instrument. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS. Findings: The results demonstrate that servant leadership and perceived organisational support positively and significantly influence lecturer commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour. However, lecturer commitment does not significantly mediate servant leadership or perceived organisational support and organisational citizenship behaviour. Research limitations/Implications: Further research could examine other variables that can mediate servant leadership and perceived organisational support on organisational citizenship behaviour. Practical implications: The managerial implication suggests that university management should prioritise servant leadership and lecturer commitment to enhance lecturers' performance of extra roles (organisational citizenship behaviour). Originality/Value: This study shows that lecturer commitment does not significantly mediate servant leadership or perceived organisational support and organisational citizenship behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the quality of spatial cadastre remains a challenge in Indonesia. The lack of data quality impacts the legal uncertainty of land rights and the inequality of control, ownership, use, and utilization of land. This study discusses the efforts that can be made to achieve an accurate, assured, and authoritative spatial cadastre by referring to cadastral regulations in Indonesia, especially in urban areas. This research focuses on three spatial elements: boundary determination survey, measurement methods, and base map accuracy in order to assess systematic and sporadic registration activities previously conducted in two sub-districts in North Jakarta. The areas are located in a compacted urban area that consists of 19,173 land parcels as a research sample. A multivariate clustering tool is used to analyze the grouping of land parcels into a cadastral typology (comply/not comply). This study indicates that the level of compliance of the land parcel maps against three spatial elements are the following: (1) the compliance to boundary determination survey by 100%; (2) the compliance to measurement method by 17.36%; and (3) the compliance to base map accuracy by 0%. This paper explains how the cadastre typology can be used as an indicator of compliance as well as a baseline to improve the quality of spatial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Facial skin characteristics and appearance vary according to ethnicity. While much of this knowledge is derived from the Caucasian population, lately there have been efforts to gain such understanding in various regions in Asia. In this paper, we have built an understanding of such features in Indonesia. In Indonesia, a section of females wears a traditional veil (hijab) to cover the scalp and part of face. The influence of the hijab on facial skin attributes was also investigated. Methods: In a cross‐sectional observational study design involving 419 female volunteers in Jakarta, Indonesia, facial skin attributes (colour, radiance, hydration, trans‐epidermal water loss [TEWL], wrinkles, fine lines, pores, and sebum levels) and conditions (melasma, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), solar lentigines/ senile lentigines, seborrheic keratoses and acne) were assessed by trained operators and dermatologists using standard validated instruments and scales. Results: With age, facial skin colour showed darkening in cheek; forehead on the other hand showed slight lightening. The skin evenness and radiance decreased, substantially. Aging attributes measured in terms of lines, wrinkles, and under‐eye dark circles showed deterioration with age; the decline was progressively faster than colour change. Facial image data analysis corroborated these findings. Skin hydration remained similar across the age groups even though the skin barrier function measured in terms of TEWL improved with age. Sebum levels in the skin were similar up to the age of 50 but declined in the next group of 50–60 year. Pore severity increased with age. Melasma, seborrheic keratosis and PIH showed a high prevalence (>∼50%) at the young age group (20–30 years), itself. Melasma prevalence attained 100% in the age group of 41–50 year and onwards, and its severity similarly showed a steady rise with age. PIH on the other hand showed a steady decline with age. Solar lentigines prevalence (∼30%) did not change much across age groups, and the severity scores were similar in age groups up to 50 year but increased substantially in 51–60‐year age groups. Seborrheic keratosis was similar (∼47%) in age groups up 20–40 year but steadily increased in upper age groups. Its severity was similar in the age groups of 20–30 year and 31–40 year but showed a two‐fold increase in subsequent age groups. Acne was 10% in the age group of 20–30 year and declined gradually to 0.7% in the 51–60‐year age group. Hijab wearers showed slight protection in skin colour darkening and improvement of evenness and radiance but were similar on aging (fine lines and wrinkles on crow's feet, under eye and peri‐oral areas) markers to non‐wearers. In general, in majority of age‐groups, hijab wearers showed a higher prevalence of melasma, solar/senile lentigines, seborrheic keratosis and PIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various architectures can be applied in software design. The aim of this research is to examine a typical implementation of Jakarta EE monolithic and microservice software architectures in the context of software quality attributes. Software quality standards are used to define quality models, as well as quality characteristics and sub-characteristics, i.e., software quality attributes. This paper evaluates monolithic and microservice architectures in the context of Coupling, Testability, Security, Complexity, Deployability, and Availability quality attributes. The performed examinations yielded a quality-based mixed integer goal programming mathematical model for software architecture optimization. The model incorporates various software metrics and considers their maximal, minimal or targeted values, as well as upper and lower deviations. The objective is the sum of all deviations, which should be minimal. Considering the presented model, a solution which incorporated multiple monoliths and microservices was defined. This way, the internal structure of the software is defined in a consistent and symmetrical context, while the external software behavior remains unchanged. In addition, an intersection point of monolithic and microservice software architectures, where software metrics obtain the same values, was introduced. Within the intersection point, either one of the architectures can be applied. With the exception of some metrics, an increase in the number of features leads to a value increase of software metrics in microservice software architecture, whilst these values are constant in monolithic software architecture. An increase in the number of features indicated a quality attribute's importance for the software system should be examined and an appropriate architecture should be selected accordingly. Finally, practical recommendations regarding software architectures in terms of software quality were given. Since each software system needs to meet non-functional in addition to functional requirements, a quality-driven software engineering can be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a national costume of Indonesia, the Kebaya experienced a shift in its form, function, and meaning upon entering the post-reform period. This shift has impacted changing the 'classic' kebaya model, which follows the traditional pakem standard, to a 'modern' kebaya with more freedom in its design. One of the modern Kebaya styles is the 'party kebaya. ' Since the 'classic' Kebaya is considered impractical, outdated, and anti-fashion, the 'party kebaya' is more preferable to be worn for various occasions such as weddings, parties, graduations, and the like. However, unfortunately, the 'party kebaya' design tends to ignore the pakem standard, so sometimes the outfit can no longer be considered the traditional 'kebaya'. In observing this phenomenon, women from kebaya associations concerned about preserving the tradition of wearing the Kebaya have introduced the 'Back to kebaya' movement to express their concern. The model of the Kebaya that they chose is the 'classic' Kebaya that could be worn for daily activities, not the fancy 'party kebaya.' This raises the question: why do these women care about preserving the tradition of wearing the Kebaya, and how do they gain attention and raise awareness from the public? This qualitative research applied the ethnographic method involving women members of various kebaya associations in Jakarta as research subjects and observing them in their activities and social media. This research was analyzed with the concept of self-expression, which is the author's interpretation of the theory of dress identity. This paper is aimed to present the novelty of the tradition of the Kebaya from an anthropology perspective, as well as understanding it from the perspective of the women who wear the Kebaya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, information technology now plays a substantial role in the daily life of most people, whether in the developed world or in developing countries, such as Indonesia. In this fourth most populated country in the world, information technology is widely used for everyday communications and entertainment purposes, as well as for supporting education. Using a survey of 496 students enrolled in a university in Jakarta, this paper reports on a study aimed at assessing the experiences of young Indonesian students undertaking online learning and the potential of this platform for English learning. The findings show that online activities, skills, and perceived usefulness were positively correlated with positive experiences of learning English online. In particular, the perceived usefulness of the Internet and the ability to use different functions of digital devices and applications had a stronger correlation with increased benefits of online English learning. The study generates implications for Indonesian education suggesting a review of the roles of English instructors in promoting English learning through technology, improvement in English instructors' skills in utilizing technology in their teaching, and support of relevant stakeholders as well as the preparation of English teacher preparation programme to support pre-service teachers for teaching with technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates how the extraction of land value into volumetric spaces (subterranean spaces, elevated infrastructures and high-rise buildings) is rendered possible through accumulation strategies embedded in spatial planning in Jakarta. In doing so, it carefully delves into the shift in Floor-Area Uplift (FAU) compensation policy and its relationship with the expansion of mass transportation system development. We analysed urban planning and high-rise building policy documents from 1975-2017 and modelled the allowable FAU based on those policies. We illustrate, first, the transformation of FAU discourse in urban policies and how its operability is facilitated in discretionary planning regimes. This paper then demonstrates the planning gain delivery and consequences produced through FAU compensation policy. We argued how volumetric urbanism in Jakarta had been produced and sustained through entrepreneurial motives. It continues to segregate the city both in local and urban contexts despite its positivist development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian spectrum usage fees—the so-called Biaya Hak Pengguna Frekuensi Izin Pita Frekuensi Radio (BHP IPFR)—are currently calculated using a formula determined by the three following main parameters: the frequency band, the country's economic parameter, and the nationwide population. As spectrum usage fees are proportional to the width of the bandwidth, the current formula would result in an extremely high price when applied to 5G-mmWave private networks, with the cost burden being a direct consequence for the service operator. In this paper, we propose the formulation of a new spectrum usage fee for 5G-mmWave private network implementation in Indonesian industrial areas. To do so, we evaluate the current formula, adopt the framework offered by the ITU-R SM.2012-5 (06/2016), and use an industrial reference index—the Indonesia Industry Readiness Index 4.0 (INDI 4.0) score. We test the proposal by applying the new formula to calculate the 5G-mmWave private network spectrum usage fee for the Jakarta industrial area. The result shows that the new formula gives a lower spectrum usage fee than the current formula, which benefits 5G-mmWave private network service operators. Such savings can be regarded as a government subsidy for the service operators to use in various ways in the industry, providing further economic benefits. Using the input–output model, we prove that despite the proposed new formula brings a lower spectrum usage fee, resulting in a loss in state income, it will lead to a much greater positive impact on the national economic output. Applying the new formula will eventually have a multiplier effect on various sectors and encourage digital economic growth and national digital transformation, especially for vertical industries in Indonesia. This study may serve as a guideline or initial reference for Indonesian policymakers and service operators for applying the CAPEX and OPEX cost of using the new spectrum for 5G-mmWave private network service implementation and estimating the economic multiplier for 5G-mmWave private network service deployment in industrial areas. It can also be used as a benchmark case for other countries to apply spectrum usage fees for private networks in industrial areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban resilience to natural disasters (e.g., flooding), in the context of climate change, has been becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of cities. This paper presents a method to assess the urban resilience to flooding in terms of the recovery rate of different subdistricts in a city using all-weather synthetic aperture radar imagery (i.e., Sentinel-1A imagery). The factors that influence resilience, and their relative importance, are then determined through principal component analysis. Jakarta, a flood-prone city in Indonesia, is selected as a case study. The resilience of 42 subdistricts in Jakarta, with their gross domestic product data super-resolved using nighttime-light satellite images, was assessed. The association between resilience levels and influencing factors, such as topology, mixtures of religion, and points-of-interest density, were subsequently derived. Topographic factors, such as elevation (coefficient = 0.3784) and slope (coefficient = 0.1079), were found to have the strongest positive influence on flood recovery, whereas population density (coefficient = −0.1774) a negative effect. These findings provide evidence for policymakers to make more pertinent strategies to improve flood resilience, especially in subdistricts with lower resilience levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting in 2001 the Government of Indonesia employed the Regional Autonomy Law, providing larger fiscal role to the province and district governments. However, our understanding of its impacts on development in Indonesia is still limited. This paper seeks to find the relationship between increasing local governments' capital expenditure and industrial development with focus in the non-oil and gas sector. Capital spending is thought to have moderation effect on investment, the main channel for industrialization, that should contribute to industrial growth. Our System GMM results suggest that there are positive and significant correlations between capital spending and industrial growth, presenting evidence of local governments' role. However, we fail to find significant moderation effect between local capital spending and industrial investment towards the sector's growth. This poses problem for industrialization at the local level. Decentralization progress in Indonesia has been institutionally anchored by the central government, particularly with the introduction of concurrent affairs in 2004 that allowed Jakarta to take a major developmental role in districts and provinces at the cost of lesser local governments' role. Our study proposes a new institutional model that promote better central–local collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak that started in China created COVID-19 pandemic all around the world. This pandemic is declared as a world health crisis by the World Health Organization in 2020. In response to this pandemic, many countries have been conducting various measures to manage the spread of the disease employing lockdown, contacts tracing, and massive testing. As the vaccine and medicine for this virus are under development, the governments all around the world can only apply non-curative measures. With many considerations, especially in the economic sector, governments seem hesitant to apply extensive control measures and this results in a considerable financial loss. In this paper, a generic mathematical model with thirteen compartments is developed, of which it is equipped with five control measures namely quarantine, active carrier identification, recovered individual identification, past infection identification, and medical treatment. We employ the COVID-19 outbreak in Jakarta as a study case to evaluate a series of control scenarios. Optimal control approach is used to find the best control strategy in managing the pandemic. It is suggested that adding the efforts on testing policy and medical treatment 40 days after the first confirmed infection is the most cost-effective strategy with the number of death decreased as much as 60.21 percent of the death cases under initial control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS RESEARCH PAPER FOCUSES TO CAPTURE CHANGES IN STATISTICAL PROPERTY BEFORE AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT. WE COLLECTED SAMPLE DATA FROM JANUARY 2018 TO SEPTEMBER 2021 FOR TWO RANDOMLY SELECTED STOCK MARKETS, SUCH AS: BELGIUM (BRUSSELS STOCK EXCHANGE) AND INDONESIA (JAKARTA STOCK EXCHANGE). THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER IS TO TEST CHANGES IN NORMALITY PATTERN CONSIDERING AUGMENTED DICKER FULLER TEST AND TO DEMONSTRATE CHANGES IN RETURN PLOTS USING LOESS FITNESS, AND WITH ESTIMATED DENSITY PLOTS. THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC HAD A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF STOCK MARKETS, WHILE THE GLOBAL ECONOMY HAS BEEN SEVERELY AFFECTED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, there is neither research nor application, both mobile and website specifically designed to facilitate courses in the community, a non-profit organization. This paper discusses how to design a prototype for a mobile community-based, especially in the Personal Evangelism course at the Catholic Church of Mary Mother of Carmel in Jakarta, to give a solution to manage communication and course activities between members. This study uses the Task-centered User Interface design method which allows the interface to be designed and evaluated according to the user's work. In explaining the methodology, there are four phases including users' identification, requirements, design solution, and walkthrough evaluations. The evaluation is done in natural settings involving users and using the USE Questionnaire for the evaluation tool. The result obtained from the testing of the prototype with Usefulness (UF) aspect results is 82.88%, Ease of Use (EU) aspect results is 83.91%, Ease of Learning (EL) aspect results is 84.70%, Satisfaction (SA) aspect results is 81.21%, and the result of all usability aspects are 83.11% where Usefulness (UF), Ease of Use (EU), Ease of Learning (EL) respectively affected Satisfaction (SA). The finding of this study as a recommendation for the organization about the prototype is useful and worthy of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding has always been one of the challenging problems Jakarta faces for decades, damaging not only the infrastructure but also the economic aspects of the city. Almost every year, significant losses are recorded in both parts, including for the residents who depend on it. One of the repressive steps for flood prevention is the placement of waste filtering stations on the rivers in multiple locations. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry representative for Jakarta, there are currently 28 waste filtering stations installed within Jakarta's 661.5 km2 region and 13 rivers. Continuously challenged with the increasing amount of waste, flood prevention efforts must include installing more filtering stations. Therefore, studying the optimum future station location to minimize the flooding hazard effectively becomes vital. This paper utilized the Hot Spot Spatial Analysis method to estimate several optimal areas that fit the criterion of previously built filtering stations. We obtained the local hotspot statistics for each parameter from the Getis-Ord local statistics equation. In addition, many necessary layers are also utilized, such as volume of waste filter points, population density, and flood-affected areas datasets to roughly approximate the real-world condition. This study aims to provide recommendations that can determine the optimal waste filtering points and provide a better solution for Jakarta from the problem of the harmful amount of waste in the river that could induce flooding hazards. The result shows that the waste filtering stations in the 13 major rivers in Jakarta are still not effective. This research helps to show the optimal locations suitable for constructing new waste filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-production in climate change has arisen in response to improving climate knowledge. Climate service co-production provides climate knowledge for decision-making, benefiting vulnerable communities with useful and usable information such as flooding risk areas. A climate service co-production project, including mapping technologies, has been conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia. However, it has not been integrated into mainstream spatial planning. This paper investigates an enabling environment for the integration of climate service co-production and spatial planning using a collaborative governance framework. We conducted semi-structured interviews, photovoice, and focus group discussions. The results highlight factors to enable integration; (1) an institutional reform to put climate service co-production on the agenda, (2) top-down priorities aligned with local-level needs, (3) local government will and leadership to execute the tasks and actions towards climate resilience, (4) trust of the local government with the community, (5) integrated geospatial data to have an effective climate knowledge to spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 virus is transmitted from human to human through splashes of saliva when the sufferer coughs, sneezes, or talks and is inhaled by the people around him. The spread of this virus started from the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019 which quickly spread to cities outside Wuhan including Jakarta, Indonesia. The same is in other countries, the local government in Jakarta taking some emergency decisions to minimize the virus spreading including the movement control order (MCO). This paper discusses the simulation of COVID-19 spreading in the early stage in Jakarta using a different model of disease spreading available on The Spatiotemporal Epidemiologic Modeler (STEM). The focus of this simulation is to see the effect of MCO on the COVID-19 spreading in the local area in Indonesia. The result shows that the MCO contribute to the decreasing of case number with some certain period of lag time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutically active compounds have been considered contaminants of emerging concern, in response to evidence that these substances may adversely affect non-target organisms. The pharmaceutical metformin is the most commonly prescribed anti-diabetes medicine throughout the world. Metformin has been detected in numerous freshwater systems as well as in seawater at a number of sites around the world over the last few years, but has never been reported in the Indonesian capital city Jakarta. Several recent studies have highlighted various ecotoxicological effects of this medicine on aquatic organisms. Here we report the first evidence of metformin's presence in Jakarta waters. Samples from the Angke river, one of the main rivers in Jakarta, were collected from six sites. Metformin was detected at three sites in concentrations ranging from 27 ng/L to 414 ng/L. Metformin is one of the most detected APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) in aquatic environments worldwide, and there is increasing concern regarding its impact on the health of wildlife and humans. However, this is the first report of metformin contamination in Jakarta waters, adding to the evidence of potentially increased pollution with pharmaceuticals, as noted in our previous studies. With no natural degradation processes, these chemical compounds can be easily reintroduced to the food chain and impact human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the lives, health, and social well-being of people globally including presenting special challenges in low to middle income countries for people living with HIV. This study investigates the pandemic experiences of the four key HIV-positive populations in Indonesia: men who have sex with men, transgender women, female sex workers, and people who use drugs. In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 22 key population members recruited through 9 nongovernment HIV agencies in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia's Large-scale Social Restrictions Policy mandating physical distancing and stay-at-home orders had been in effect for 7–10 months at the time of the interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo™ (R1.7) software. A grounded theory approach identified key concepts along with similarities, differences, and reoccurring patterns of COVID-19 lived experience among participants. Participants recounted the impact of both the pandemic and the Restriction Policy on their interpersonal, financial, medical, and psychosocial well-being. When in need, they turned to formal and informal sources of financial and social support plus their own resourcefulness. Along with other factors, HIV medication shortages, HIV and COVID-19 related stigma, and fear of acquiring COVID-19 negatively impacted their antiretroviral adherence and the use of health services. The results point to the latent consequences of government attempts to curb a pandemic through public health lockdowns and enforced policies of physical separation. Its findings reveal the importance of ensuring that public safety nets for HIV key populations are available to supplement more informal personal sources of needed support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is the city with the largest population in Indonesia with a population of 10,609,681. In line with the rapid growth and the increment of the population in Jakarta lead to the increment in the number of buildings in Jakarta. However, the building increment in Jakarta leads to the emergence of buildings ownership problems. Meanwhile, the increasing urbanization promotes the need for a system that accommodates the smart city concepts which require complex interactions between governments and citizens. Therefore, the Jakarta Provincial Government established a breakthrough program called Priority Villages, a program that integrates geospatial and citizen participation using the Geographic Information System (GIS) for the smart city planning model. This program focused on the distribution acceleration of building establishment decision letters. This research aims to visualize the concept and advantages of the Priority Village program as an analysis-oriented application for the development of intelligent city concepts. The outputs of the Priority Villages program are the issuances of 112 building establishment decision letters per region and 7,534 building establishment decision letters per individual building. The integration of geospatial and citizen participation using Geographic Information System (GIS) in Priority Villages program strongly supports the sustainability of the Jakarta Smart City program, shortening the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) of the building establishment decision letter making from 16 days to 7 days and give the positive impact on the broader citizen in Jakarta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of physical distancing policy serves as the basis for the administration of online learning from home, which in turn encourages the use of information necessitating the students to change their learning method. Due to the use of digital apps, students are no longer participating in face-to-face learning and therefore required to independently complete the learning tasks assigned daily by the school. The purpose of this research is to measure the impact of online learning towards the character of independence displayed by fifth-graders during the pandemic. The research collected its data using quantitative method, namely distributing questionnaires to elementary school students in Jakarta. The samples of the research are mostly students performing online learning, with the primary variables used being online learning and the character of independence. The data obtained were processed using regression analysis and t test, which were used to measure the influence and significance level of online learning towards students’ character of independence. The research reveals that the significance level is 0.000 < 0.05 and the t count value is 6.465, which is greater than the t table value of 2.002. It can be concluded that online learning affects the character of independence possessed by the fifth-graders in Jakarta. This shows that traits suggesting independence, such as being capable of performing key activities in learning, as well as realizing and understanding what needs to be done to appreciate family members, teachers and the school by acting wisely and responsibly in completing learning tasks, have become new values that they believe in. To ensure that students keep developing their character of independence during the pandemic, improvements need to be made in terms of the quality and quantity of online learning facilities. Such improvements can be done through a collaboration between the government, schools, teachers, students and the society in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Jakarta is developed on a natural flood plain with a long history of flooding that leads to a series of flood control systems with Manggarai Gate at its center. Nowadays, as a regulator gate, Manggarai Gate is still good enough to control flood hazards in Central Jakarta. However, after operating for more than 100 years, it is necessary to measure the influence of increasing seismic activity, maximum rainfall, sedimentation rate, and solid waste problems on the potential of the Manggarai Gate breach. This study was made to identify flood hazards generated by the Manggarai Gate breach. An overtopping flow generated by excessive runoff is encountered as the gate breach mechanism. A mathematical model using HEC RAS to predict flood inundation due to the breach of Manggarai Gate in that area is presented in this paper. Due to the gate breach, the flood propagation was calibrated upon field observation data. The simulations were done for Q100 (692.6 m³/s) with no breach mechanism; and Q100 with a breach mechanism. Based on that flood simulation, it is found that the flood inundated area for the gate breach scheme is approximately 259% compared to the scheme with no gate breach. Meanwhile, the hazard index for the gate breach scheme becomes 225% for the low level, 249% for the medium level, and 276% for the high level. Further study is needed to identify a proper measure to minimize gate breach-induced flood hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke patients rarely have satisfactory survival, which worsens further if comorbidities develop in such patients. Limited data availability from Southeast Asian countries, especially Indonesia, has impeded the disentanglement of post-stroke mortality determinants. This study aimed to investigate predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). This retrospective observational study used IS medical records from the National Brain Centre Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. A theoretically driven Cox's regression and Fine-Gray models were established by controlling for age and sex to calculate the hazard ratio of each plausible risk factor for predicting in-hospital stroke mortality and addressing competing risks if they existed. This study finally included 3,278 patients with IS, 917 (28%) of whom had cardiovascular disease and 376 (11.5%) suffered renal disease. Bivariate exploratory analysis revealed lower blood levels of triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol associated with in-hospital-stroke mortality. The average age of patients with post-stroke mortality was 64.06 ± 11.32 years, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.77 kg/m2 and a median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 12 and an IQR of 5. Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with IS mortality risk. NIHSS score at admission (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.07), male sex (HR = 1.51[1.01–2.26] and uric acid level (HR = 1.02 [1.00–1.03]) predicted survivability. Comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease (HR = 2.16 [1.37–3.40], pneumonia (HR = 2.43 [1.42–4.15] and sepsis (HR = 2.07 [1.09–3.94, had higher hazards for post-stroke mortality. Contrarily, the factors contributing to a lower hazard of mortality were BMI (HR = 0.94 [0.89–0.99]) and GCS (HReye = 0.66 [0.48–0.89]. In summary, our study reported that male sex, NIHSS, uric acid level, cardiovascular diseases, pneumonia, sepsis. BMI, and GCS on admission were strong determinants of in-hospital mortality in patients with IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers play a big role in influencing students' motivation and their way of learning in the classroom. However, teachers also face some challenges in teaching English as a foreign language. One of them is students' demotivation and boredom. Therefore, this study intends to find out what strategies they use to motivate and reduce students' boredom in junior high school level at MTsN 13 South Jakarta. Six English teachers of the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades were interviewed. The researcher used qualitative method for this study and semi-structured interview with openended questions. To analyze the data, the researchers used thematic analysis. Descriptive design was utilized to elaborate on the findings. The findings showed that the teachers have three ways in overcoming MTsN 13 South Jakarta students' lack of motivation; by using actions, learning media, and teaching strategies that are suitable for the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The development of high-rise buildings worldwide has given rise to significant concerns regarding their excessive electricity consumption. Among the various categories of high-rise structures, hotels used for business and conferences stand out as particularly extravagant in their energy use. The consequence arising from excessive energy usage is an escalation in carbon emissions, which is a primary driver of global warming. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the energy use intensity (EUI) of a hotel building located in Jakarta, Indonesia. In order to improve energy performance, this study explored various options for renovating the building envelope, such as incorporating insulation and a roof covering, as well as implementing building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The building envelope renovations demonstrated a notable reduction in energy use by 15.8–27.7% per year. BIPV, such as curtain walls and double-skin façades, generated an energy use reduction of 4.8–8.6% per year. Remarkably, by combining the two approaches (i.e., adding insulation and a roof covering in the building envelope and adopting BIPV as double-skin façades), the potential reduction in energy use reached up to 32.2% per year. The findings can assist decision-makers in developing building renovation strategies for high-rise buildings while considering energy conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dynamics of water resources in the Citarum watershed during periods of weak La Niña, normal, and weak El Niño conditions occurring sequentially. The Citarum watershed serves various purposes, being utilized not only by seven (7) districts and two (2) cities in West Java, Indonesia but also as a source of raw water for drinking in the City of Jakarta. Using a time-series analysis of surface water data, data-driven (machine learning) methods, and statistical analysis methods, spatiotemporal predictions of surface water have been made. The surface water time series data (2017–2021), obtained from in situ instruments, are used to assess water resources, predict groundwater recharge, and analyze seasonal patterns. The results indicate that surface water follows a seasonal pattern, particularly during the monsoon season, corresponding to the groundwater recharge pattern. In upstream areas, water resources exhibit an increasing trend during both weak La Nina and weak El Niño, except for Jatiluhur Dam, where a decline is observed in both seasons. Machine learning predictions suggest that water levels and groundwater recharge tend to decrease in both upstream and downstream areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This comparison of Singapore and Jakarta shows electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce transportation-related carbon emissions, but renewable energy investments are essential. Singapore benefits from lower emissions due to natural gas use, while Jakarta faces traffic and pollution challenges. Effective policies, investment in EV manufacturing, and collaborative strategies are crucial for increasing EV adoption. Purpose: This study aims to find out how the presence of electric vehicles can affect the reduction of carbon emissions in metropolitan cities, especially in Jakarta. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Design/methodology/approach: The data for this research was obtained from various sources, ranging from academic journals, and government and non-government reports, as well as websites that monitor various parameters relating to the two countries and the research being conducted over 12 years (2010-2022). Findings/Result: Findings indicate that average emissions per EV per day in Jakarta are similar to those of Singapore at a value of 3.9245 kgCO2, eq/day as opposed to 6.0403 kgCO2, eq/day for Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEVs) considering only the emissions with current electricity generation. Adding cradle-to-gate emissions for a service life of 10 years, the value becomes 7.21 kgCO2, eq/day, showing that improvements not only in local renewable energy policy but also in global manufacturing capabilities for EVs are required to make EVs significantly more viable than ICEVs. Conclusion: The comparison between Singapore and Indonesia highlights that while electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce transportation-related carbon emissions, significant investments in renewable energy and supportive policies are crucial for maximizing their benefits. Originality/value (State of the art): This research highlights the comparative viability of electric vehicles (EVs) in reducing transportation-related carbon emissions in Singapore and Indonesia, emphasizing Singapore's advantage due to its reliance on natural gas over coal and oil. Future research directions include analyzing consumer engagement techniques to boost EV adoption in metropolitan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although economic and institutional reports have yielded relevant insights, they have not been linked to the polders' performances since the Jakarta flood control study 2004. As a result, two crucial shortcomings have arisen: the absence of an integrated conclusion and a deficiency in model assessment. The Sustainable Urban Polder Model (SUPM) was developed to integrate Technical, Financial, and Institutional (TFI) aspects to address this gap. This research addresses two core questions: First, what is the structure of the SUPM? Second, what insights can be gleaned regarding the Polder Boards? This research aims to formulate SUPM and investigate the Polder Board's impact on Pluiton Pulo Mas and Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) Polders. The formulation of SUPM is conducted using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Further, the PLS-SEM's i) R² is utilized as model validation and ii) the weight-value to describe the impact of inter TFI. The sustainable management construct's R² of Pluit, Pulo Mas, and PIK attain 49.2%, 35.9%, and 96.2 %, respectively. The polder's technical construct's R² towards inundation in Pluit, Pulo Mas, and PIK Polders, respectively, attains R² = 68.3%, R² =94.5% and R² = 26.0%. The pathway of Sustainable Management towards Open Water reveals that PIK Polder has a positive contribution (+0.606) due to its operational management. Conversely, Pluit and Pulo Mas Polders exhibit negative weight values (-0.396 and -0.866, respectively), indicating the risk of inability to maintain the open water storage. Consequently, establishing Polder Boards is essential for these polders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The WHO recommends routine testing of G6PD activity to guide radical cure in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Females may have intermediate G6PD enzyme activity and to date, only complex diagnostics are able to reliably identify them. The semi-quantitative G6PD diagnostic "One Step G6PD Test" (Humasis, RoK; "RDT") is a lateral flow assay that can distinguish deficient, intermediate, and normal G6PD status and offers a simpler diagnostic alternative. Methods: G6PD status of participants enrolled in Malinau and Nunukan Regencies and the capital Jakarta was assessed with the RDT, and G6PD activity was measured in duplicate by reference spectrophotometry. The adjusted male median (AMM) of the spectrophotometry measurements was defined as 100% activity; 70% and 30% of the AMM were defined as thresholds for intermediate and deficient G6PD status, respectively. Results were compared to those derived from spectrophotometry at the clinically relevant G6PD activity thresholds of 30% and 70%. Results: Of the 161 participants enrolled, 10 (6.2%) were G6PD deficient and 12 (7.5%) had intermediate G6PD activity by spectrophotometry. At the 30% threshold, the sensitivity of the RDT was 10.0% (95%CI: 0.3–44.5%) with a specificity of 99.3% (95%CI: 96.4–100.0%); the positive predictive value was 50.0% (95%CI: 1.3–98.7%) and the negative predictive value 94.3% (95%CI: 89.5–97.4%). The corresponding figures at the 70% threshold were 22.7% (95%CI: 7.8–45.4%), 100.0% (95%CI: 97.4–100.0%), 100.0% (95%CI: 47.8–100.0%) and 89.1% (95%CI: 83.1–93.5%), respectively. Conclusion: While there is a dire need for an easy-to-use, economical, semi-quantitative diagnostic for the point of care, the observed performance of the "One Step G6PD Test" in its current form was insufficient to guide antimalarial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriatic lesions on the scalp, face, intertriginous, genitals, palms/soles, and nails are often delay diagnosed, hard-to-treat, and cause disability. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most frequent and significant comorbidities in psoriasis. Many studies have discovered a link between psoriasis and MetS, but none have specifically assessed the hard-to-treat psoriasis in Indonesian population. This is a multicenter study involving four dermatology referral hospitals to investigate the association between psoriasis severity that has hard-to-treat lesions with the prevalence of MetS in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected from April to October 2022. The severity of 84 hard-to-treat psoriasis patients was measured by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The participants divided into PASI score >10 (severe) and ≤ 10 (mild-moderate) groups. MetS was identified based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. MetS was found in 64.3% of patients. Patients with a PASI score>10 had a significantly higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared to those with a score ≤ 10 (78.6% vs 50%, OR 3.667; 95% CI 1.413–9.514; p = 0.006). The prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.028), low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.01), mean fasting blood sugar (p = 0.018), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.044) between the two groups differed significantly. This study found most frequent components of MetS were abdominal obesity, decreased levels of HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. Individuals with severe hard-to-treat psoriasis had a 3.67 times more likely to have MetS rather than the mild-moderate group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jakarta Greater Area (JGA) has encountered recurrent challenges of air pollution, notably, high ozone levels. We investigate the trends of surface ozone (O3) changes from the air quality monitoring stations and resolve the contribution of meteorological drivers in urban Jakarta (2010–2019) and rural Bogor sites (2017–2019) using stepwise Multi Linear Regression. During 10 years of measurement, 41% of 1-h O3 concentrations exceeded Indonesia' s national threshold in Jakarta. In Bogor, 0.1% surpassed the threshold during 3 years of available data records. The monthly average of maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O3 anomalies exhibited a downward trend at Jakarta sites while increasing at the rural site of Bogor. Meteorological and anthropogenic drivers contribute 30% and 70%, respectively, to the interannual O3 anomalies in Jakarta. Ozone formation sensitivity with satellite demonstrates that a slight decrease in NO2 and an increase in HCHO contributed to declining O3 in Jakarta with 10 years average of HCHO to NO2 ratio (FNR) of 3.7. Conversely, O3 increases in rural areas with a higher FNR of 4.4, likely due to the contribution from the natural emission of O3 precursors and the influence of meteorological factors that magnify the concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black band disease (BBD) is one of the oldest recognized diseases of sderactinian corals. This disease is little known on the variation of progression rates across relatively small spatial scales and how local variations in the environment can impact prevalence and spread. The purpose of this study was to explore the progression of BBD on genus Montipora in relation to spatio-temporal environmental parameters in two islands of the Seribu Islands, North Jakarta, Indonesia during dry season and rainy season. Monthly underwater pictures were taken for determining the progress of disease level. Interestingly, the progression rate of the disease recorded at Pramuka Island was higher (8.10 cm² day-1) than the one at Pari Island (3.79 cm² day-1). In Pramuka Island, the infected corals had almost 89% of the dead surface, compared to only 68% at Pari Island. Similar to other studies in the region, we confirmed that the disease progressed faster during the dry season, where the environmental parameters, such as temperature, light intensity, and phosphate, were starting to increase, while total organic matter, current flow rates, and turbidity were lower. Progression of the disease was significantly different between seasons (p<0.001), but not between sites (p=0.118). Therefore, the progress of BBD has a higher impact at the more populated Pramuka island than at the less populated Pari Island, in addition to the influence of environmental parameters on coral vulnerability to diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]