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In this paper, a troubleshooting technique is developed to provide a sequence of necessary actions during deodorizer unit failure in a palm oil refinery. This paper introduces a fuzzy expert system that incorporates the knowledge of experienced plant workers in dealing with the complex problems of the palm oil deodorizer. The presented methodology uses both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data are collected from several interview sessions with the technical staff in a palm oil refinery. Quantitative data are gathered from various sources, such as control and monitoring systems. The qualitative data are analyzed to discover the possible pattern of faults in the deodorizer failure. This tool can diagnose possible faults and provide a sequence of necessary actions when deodorizer failure occurs. The obtained results show the developed deodorizer troubleshooting tool is useful to guide plant workers/operators in diagnosing the possible faults and abnormalities during the troubleshooting process, as well as to provide field training for inexperienced staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A critical review on the microalgae bio-refinery process synthesis via superstructure optimization. • The possible future research plans based on the research gaps were recommended. • Considering different feedstocks and products in superstructure is a good topic for future studies. • Development of the efficient exact or hybrid solution algorithms is a good subject for future studies. • Development of quantitative methods for analyzing the social aspects is a good topic for future studies. Microalgae have numerous potential advantages as feedstock in producing biofuels and other value-added end products. The variety in processing pathways for biofuel production is one of the main challenges in commercializing microalgae-based bio-refineries. The superstructure optimization method is a great solution to overcome this challenge and attracted much attention in the academic communities. In the present study, a systematic review of past studies has been carried out to determine the future perspective in the microalgae-based bio-refinery process synthesis area of study with an emphasis on the superstructure optimization approach. In this regard, the relevant papers published from 2011 to 2022 are taken from the literature and categorized based on different classifications such as their feedstocks and end products, mathematical model, model characteristics including uncertainty, objective function, sustainability, solution method, and economic and environmental analysis. Then, the existing research gaps in the literature have been described to specify future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioethanol is the most widely used alternative transportation fuel to petrol. Bioethanol is considered a clean, renewable, and environmentally friendly fuel that can contribute to climate change mitigation, decreased environmental pollution, and enhanced energy security. Commercial bioethanol production is based on traditional agricultural crops such as corn, sugarcane, and sugarbeet, primarily used as food and feed. In order to meet the growing demand for this fuel and decrease competition in the food and biofuel sectors for the same feedstock, other raw materials and process technologies have been intensively studied. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant renewable resources, with it being rich in compounds that could be processed into energy, transportation fuels, various chemical compounds, and diverse materials. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has received substantial attention in recent decades. This review gives an overview of bioethanol production steps from lignocellulosic biomass and challenges in the production process. The following aspects of bioethanol production are covered here, including pretreatment methods, process strategies, strain development, ethanol isolation and purification, and technical hurdles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food chain-based waste is generated in tonnes globally and this has led to release of greenhouse gases, poor air quality, land and water pollution. Food wastes are generated in tremendous quantity globally from local producer to international consumers and traders. Authors have used systematic literature review to identify the research gaps, thematic areas, methodology, sustainable techniques and future directions of processing food supply chain waste. Research is focused towards utilization of food waste as source for recovery of value-added compounds through sustainable technologies. Food waste can be utilized to synthesis platform chemicals, nutraceuticals, sugars, bio-fuels, bio-gas and bio-char via thermo-chemical conversion, anaerobic digestion and fermentation processes. This paper summarizes and provides technical insights on achieving circular bio-economy via technological advances in food waste processing for enhanced recovery of value-added compounds and future industrial scale operations. The state of art perspectives of food waste valorization and market outlook of platform chemicals and other products provides profitable economy for the food waste generator. Food security requires holistic approaches for effective usage of resources with inter linked global policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane is a cash crop that has been a significant source of revenue in many countries around the world. In the last few decades, sugarcane mills that were only intended for sugar production were converted into biorefineries. Biorefinery enables the co-production of useful products from the sugarcane wastes such as bagasse, molasses, cane trash, filter mud and vinasse. In certain applications like disposable plates, fly ash, and as reinforcement in polymer composites, bagasse can be directly employed without the need for secondary processing while applications like paper, biochemical, lignosulfonate, vanillin, etc., require secondary processing through the biochemical route involving pre-treatment, acid hydrolysis, and fermentation. Other sugarcane wastes can also be mixed with bagasse to obtain biomethane, bioethanol, and bioelectricity. This article focuses on the recent advancements in such pre-treatment and processing methods employed by the researchers. It also outlines the strategies to co-generate two different products and ways to maximize the product yield and highlights various parameters influencing the process. The challenges that are critical to the sustainability of the sugarcane biorefineries and their mitigations were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]