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In spite of decades of research developing a model of language and context, there is little consensus in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) about how context should be modelled and how language and context are related. In this paper, we review recent work in SFL which focuses on modelling register as a resource – reconceiving field as a resource for construing phenomena, tenor as a resource for negotiating social relations, and mode as a resource for composing texture. This work has a number of implications for SFL's conception of realisation (as strata of abstraction), instantiation (as a cline of generalisation), and individuation (as a scale of belonging). For realisation it bears critically on the issue of whether or not to adopt a stratified model of context (as register and genre) and the relationship between extrinsic functionality (field, tenor, and mode) and intrinsic functionality (ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions). For instantiation, it bears critically on our modelling of principles for coupling (co-selecting and arranging choices within and across languages and related modalities of communication) – for example mass, presence, and association. And for individuation, it bears critically on the perspectives of allocation (i.e. how access to meanings and their uptake is distributed across communities) and affiliation (i.e. how meanings are used to collaborate and struggle, within and between social groups). Our basic aim in this paper is to suggest a model for improving traction as far as SFL work on language in context is concerned, fully embracing a multimodal perspective on language and related modalities of communication as resources for meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphologically derivative languages form words by fusing stems and suffixes, stems are important to be extracted in order to make cross lingual alignment and knowledge transfer. As there are phonetic harmony and disharmony when linguistic particles are combined, both phonetic and morphological changes need to be analyzed. This paper proposes a multilingual stemming method that learns morpho-phonetic changes automatically based on character based embedding and sequential modeling. Firstly, the character feature embedding at the sentence level is used as input, and the BiLSTM model is used to obtain the forward and reverse context sequence, and the attention mechanism is added to this model for weight learning, and the global feature information is extracted to capture the stem and affix boundaries; finally CRF model is used to learn more information from sequence features to describe context information more effectively. In order to verify the effectiveness of the above model, the model in this paper is compared with the traditional model on two different data sets of three derivative languages: Uyghur, Kazakh and Kirghiz. The experimental results show that the model in this paper has the best stemming effect on multilingual sentence-level datasets, which leads to more effective stemming. In addition, the proposed model outperforms other traditional models, and fully consider the data characteristics, and has certain advantages with less human intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characterization of how entrepreneurial a region or country is, has generally been shaped by a narrow view of what actually constitutes entrepreneurship. In the case of Germany, this has led to a characterization of Germany as not being particularly entrepreneurial. Such a view is at odds with the remarkable, high-performing family business, widely held to be the backbone of the economy. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the interpretation prevalent in entrepreneurship literature is problematic due to a too narrow operationalization of the entrepreneurship concept. As Zahra (2007; 2014) emphasized, context matters for entrepreneurship, especially on a local or spatial level. One particular organizational manifestation of entrepreneurship, family business, may be congruent in specific spatial and institutional contexts but not in others. Other geographic and institutional contexts may be congruent with the contrasting startups. Thus, an important and novel contribution of this paper is to analyze the geography of family business as distinct from startups: two ends of the entrepreneurship continuum, embedded in different kinds of entrepreneurial ecosystems. We generate innovative maps working with official data, showing the distinct distribution of both kinds of entrepreneurship in different ecosystems. These findings are connected with spatial effects, living conditions and lead to recommendations for policy measures. The paper focuses on Germany, because startups as well as family business are prevalent and can be found in all regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Public diplomacy, despite its numerous and varied definitions, is essentially a communications process. By engaging the academic literature of public diplomacy with Lasswell's model of communication and Braddock's rearticulation of his model, this paper proposes an integrated framework that allows for the systematization of public diplomacy research. The framework is composed of the independent variable of context, which influences a set of dependent variables: the actors, publics, messages, objectives and tools of public diplomacy. Accordingly, this paper argues that public diplomacy research has been traditionally approached from an agent-centric perspective, and despite its obvious significance, the influence of context has been understudied. In order to test the utility of the model, the paper applies it to the case study of the European Union's public diplomacy during two different settings. First, it will expose the main characteristics of the EU's public diplomacy during times of globalization, where the EU's public diplomacy was characterized by its normativity. Subsequently, the current context of deglobalization and de-europeanization will be introduced and analyzed through the following research question: what happens to the EU's public diplomacy when the founding myth upon which it is constructed is under threat? By altering the context, one can easily see an emerging but clear transformation of the characteristics of the EU's public diplomacy. By analyzing official, policy, and legal documents, and engaging with the academic literature on the topic, the paper concludes that the main objective of the EU's public diplomacy in a changing world should be to provide for ontological security through (emotional) strategic metanarratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that all scientific research is framed by one of two organizing principles that underpin and shape almost every aspect of scientific research as well as nonscientific inquiry. The most commonly employed principle within mainstream science is content determines content. This is a closed, circular principle that is usually unstated within hypotheses but plays a major role in developing methodologies and arriving at conclusions. The second more open principle is context determines content. This principle represents the implied background embedded within hypotheses. The difference between these two principles revolves around the issue of context, with the first principle closing off contexts by ignoring, erasing, or devaluing them, while the second more holistic principle explicitly takes them into account. Each of these research principles has a focus on the explicit detailed nature of 'content' while differing in relation to the source and cause of such content. We argue that the more open and holistic principle of context determines that content is superior in producing reliable evidence, results and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic Keyphrase Extraction involves identifying essential phrases in a document. These keyphrases are crucial in various tasks, such as document classification, clustering, recommendation, indexing, searching, summarization, and text simplification. This paper introduces a platform that integrates keyphrase datasets and facilitates the evaluation of keyphrase extraction algorithms. The platform includes BibRank, an automatic keyphrase extraction algorithm that leverages a rich dataset obtained by parsing bibliographic data in BibTeX format. BibRank combines innovative weighting techniques with positional, statistical, and word co-occurrence information to extract keyphrases from documents. The platform proves valuable for researchers and developers seeking to enhance their keyphrase extraction algorithms and advance the field of natural language processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to show the relevancy of Aron Gurwitsch's transcendental-phenomenological theory of the field of consciousness for semiotics and the theory of meaning. After a brief biographical introduction, the paper will focus upon the key theoretical points that define Gurwitsch's theory of the field of consciousness and will consider some of Gurwitsch's reflections on linguistic and semiotic issues. Finally, it will be shown that the latter are strictly connected with Gurwitsch's general philosophical framework and, accordingly, that it is possible (and fruitful) to provide a semiotic understanding of Gurwitsch's phenomenology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an interdisciplinary experiment. The core of the experiment is to examine the Hebrew poetic text of the Old Testament through a textual analysis of its textuality prior to theological interpretation and to ask why and which linguistic-literary solutions, i.e. poetic procedures, are used in the construction of meaning. On this basis, a research design can be created that asks how linguistic-poetic analysis can help in the exegesis of Old Testament poetic texts (or of any other textual genre). Poetics is about the production of meaning: all of our verbal utterances are made with some kind of poetics or speech strategy in mind – our communications are not formulated randomly. The linguistic analysis proposed here examines not only whether a word or phrase in a particular poetic text of the Hebrew Bible is written correctly or not but also the poetic role of that phrase, word, sentence, and grammatical or other structure in the larger textual unit (i.e. the poem) under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pós: Revista do Programa de POS-Graduacao Em Artes - EBA/UFMG is the property of Pos - Programa de Pos-graduacao em Artes (PPG-Artes) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trends of the 21st century are challenging the traditional production process due to the reduction in the life cycle of products and the demand for more complex products in greater quantities. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) was introduced in 2011 and it is recognized as the fourth industrial revolution, with the aim of improving manufacturing processes and increasing the competitiveness of industry. I4.0 uses technological concepts such as Cyber-Physical Systems, Internet of Things and Cloud Computing to create services, reduce costs and increase productivity. In addition, concepts such as Smart Factories are emerging, which use context awareness to assist people and optimize tasks based on data from the physical and virtual world. This article explores and applies the capabilities of context-aware applications in industry, with a focus on production lines. In specific, this paper proposes a context-aware application based on a microservices approach, intended for integration into a context-aware information system, with specific application in the area of manufacturing. The manuscript presents a detailed architecture for structuring the application, explaining components, functions and contributions. The discussion covers development technologies, integration and communication between the application and other services, as well as experimental findings, which demonstrate the applicability and advantages of the proposed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this paper, we studied how native (L1) speakers of Russian and speakers of Mandarin Chinese learning Russian as a foreign language (L2) process Russian sentences with different word orders. We compared SVO (canonical) and OVS (non-canonical) orders in isolation and in context. Experiments focusing on the L2 processing of different word orders are still not very numerous, and those using context are extremely rare. Methods: In Experiment 1, target sentences were presented in isolation. In Experiment 2, one-sentence contexts introduced one NP mentioned in the target sentence, either the first (so that given information preceded new information, which is characteristic for Russian and many other languages) or the second. As a result, two factors could be compared: the syntactic (word order) and the contextual (whether the context is appropriate from the information-structural perspective). We used different measures to capture online and offline effects: word-by-word reading times, question-answering accuracy and sentence rating on a 1 to 5 scale (for L1 participants). Results and discussion: In both experiments, RTs and question-answering accuracy data showed that non-canonical orders were difficult for L2 participants, but not for L1 participants. However, L1 participants gave non-canonical orders lower ratings in isolation, presumably because in naturally occurring texts, they are used only in particular contexts. As for the context factor in Experiment 2, some effects were the same for L1 and L2 processing: all participants read given NPs faster than new ones and preferred sentences with a 'given -- new' word order. The latter may reflect the universal principles of narrative coherence. However, unlike native speakers, L2 readers are not sensitive to more subtle contextual requirements of different word orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship target recognition based on trajectories has great potential in the field of target recognition. In the existing research, the context information is ignored, which limits the improvement of ship target recognition ability. In addition, the process of trajectory feature extraction is complex, and recognition accuracy needs to be further improved. In this paper, a ship target recognition method based on a context-enhanced trajectory is proposed. The maritime context knowledge base is constructed to enhance the trajectory information and to improve the separability of different types of target trajectories. A deep learning model is used to extract trajectory features and context features automatically. Offline training and online recognition are adopted to complete the target recognition task. Experimental analysis and verification are carried out using the automatic identification system (AIS) dataset. The recognition accuracy increases by 7.91% after context enhancement, which shows that the context enhancement is efficient. The proposed method also has a strong anti-noise ability. In the noisy environment set in this paper, the recognition accuracy of the proposed method is still maintained at 86.13%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: How contextual factors may influence GP decisions in real life practice is poorly understood. The authors have undertaken a scoping review of antibiotic prescribing in primary care, with a focus on the interaction between context and GP decision-making, and what it means for the decisions made. Method: The authors searched Medline, Embase and Cinahl databases for English language articles published between 1946 and 2019, focusing on general practitioner prescribing of antibiotics. Articles discussing decision-making, reasoning, judgement, or uncertainty in relation to antibiotic prescribing were assessed. As no universal definition of context has been agreed, any papers discussing terms synonymous with context were reviewed. Terms encountered included contextual factors, non-medical factors, and non-clinical factors. Results: Three hundred seventy-seven full text articles were assessed for eligibility, resulting in the inclusion of 47. This article documented the experiences of general practitioners from over 18 countries, collected in 47 papers, over the course of 3 decades. Contextual factors fell under 7 themes that emerged in the process of analysis. These were space and place, time, stress and emotion, patient characteristics, therapeutic relationship, negotiating decisions and practice style, managing uncertainty, and clinical experience. Contextual presence was in every part of the consultation process, was vital to management, and often resulted in prescribing. Conclusion: Context is essential in real life decision-making, and yet it does not feature in current representations of clinical decision-making. With an incomplete picture of how doctors make decisions in real life practice, we risk missing important opportunities to improve decision-making, such as antibiotic prescribing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a growing need for methods that acknowledge and successfully capture the dynamic interaction between context and implementation of complex interventions. Case study research has the potential to provide such understanding, enabling in-depth investigation of the particularities of phenomena. However, there is limited guidance on how and when to best use different case study research approaches when evaluating complex interventions. This study aimed to review and synthesise the literature on case study research across relevant disciplines, and determine relevance to the study of contextual influences on complex interventions in health systems and public health research.Methods: Systematic meta-narrative review of the literature comprising (i) a scoping review of seminal texts (n = 60) on case study methodology and on context, complexity and interventions, (ii) detailed review of empirical literature on case study, context and complex interventions (n = 71), and (iii) identifying and reviewing 'hybrid papers' (n = 8) focused on the merits and challenges of case study in the evaluation of complex interventions.Results: We identified four broad (and to some extent overlapping) research traditions, all using case study in a slightly different way and with different goals: 1) developing and testing complex interventions in healthcare; 2) analysing change in organisations; 3) undertaking realist evaluations; 4) studying complex change naturalistically. Each tradition conceptualised context differently-respectively as the backdrop to, or factors impacting on, the intervention; sets of interacting conditions and relationships; circumstances triggering intervention mechanisms; and socially structured practices. Overall, these traditions drew on a small number of case study methodologists and disciplines. Few studies problematised the nature and boundaries of 'the case' and 'context' or considered the implications of such conceptualisations for methods and knowledge production.Conclusions: Case study research on complex interventions in healthcare draws on a number of different research traditions, each with different epistemological and methodological preferences. The approach used and consequences for knowledge produced often remains implicit. This has implications for how researchers, practitioners and decision makers understand, implement and evaluate complex interventions in different settings. Deeper engagement with case study research as a methodology is strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in the rates of involuntary admission (IA) reflect the influence of unexplained contextual variables that are typically too heterogeneous to be included in systematic reviews. This paper attempts to gather and analyze factors unrelated to the patients that have been linked to IA. The articles included in this review were selected by iteratively searching four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science). A total of 54 studies from 19 different countries and regions, including 14 European countries, the United States, Canada, China, Vietnam, and Taiwan, were selected. The factors were categorized as service-related factors, impactful events, seasonal and temporal factors, mental health legislation, staff factors, and public attitudes. The factors rarely act in isolation but rather interact and reinforce each other, causing a greater influence on IA. This paper explains how these factors present opportunities for robust and sustainable interventions to reduce IAs. The paper also identifies future directions for research, such as examining the effects of economic recessions. Enhancing global reporting standards is essential to validate future research and support further in-depth studies. The complexity of the factors influencing IA and the implicit role of society suggest that resolving it will require social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades researches have been conducted on different disciplines and in teaching English for specific purposes in different contexts, but teaching technical words for doctors in the context of Afghanistan is the newest subject. The aim of this article is to explore the needs of doctors and prepare them a course to learn English. In Afghanistan, English is used as a foreign language and it is not the medium of instruction in the class because the national languages play the key role in instruction. It is really important for the doctors to learn English in order to learn new information and should be aware about progress, especially in medical. At the same time, most of the names of drugs have been written based on English and it is necessary for them to know English in their own discipline. This paper is written based on quantitative research and Questionnaire was the tool for data collection and it was sent to doctors who were in Afghanistan, particularly. In this research, there were 50 participants and out of them 25 subjects were female. In learning English language for doctors, they wanted to memorize technical words that are very important in their daily works. They wanted to improve four skills of English language as well because they need to communicate with their colleagues. This paper ends with significance of technical words for doctors in the context of Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging yet promising paradigm of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has recently gained considerable attention from researchers from academia and industry. As an indispensable constituent of the futuristic smart cities, the underlying essence of the IoV is to facilitate vehicles to exchange safety-critical information with the other vehicles in their neighborhood, vulnerable pedestrians, supporting infrastructure, and the backbone network via vehicle-to-everything communication in a bid to enhance the road safety by mitigating the unwarranted road accidents via ensuring safer navigation together with guaranteeing the intelligent traffic flows. This requires that the safety-critical messages exchanged within an IoV network and the vehicles that disseminate the same are highly reliable (i.e., trustworthy); otherwise, the entire IoV network could be jeopardized. A state-of-the-art trust-based mechanism is, therefore, highly imperative for identifying and removing malicious vehicles from an IoV network. Accordingly, in this paper, a machine learning-based trust management mechanism, MESMERIC, has been proposed that takes into account the notions of direct trust (encompassing the trust attributes of interaction success rate, similarity, familiarity, and reward and punishment), indirect trust (involving confidence of a particular trustor on the neighboring nodes of a trustee, and the direct trust between the said neighboring nodes and the trustee), and context (comprising vehicle types and operating scenarios) in order to not only ascertain the trust of vehicles in an IoV network but to segregate the trustworthy vehicles from the untrustworthy ones by means of an optimal decision boundary. A comprehensive evaluation of the envisaged trust management mechanism has been carried out which demonstrates that it outperforms other state-of-the-art trust management mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psyke & Logos is the property of Dansk Psykologisk Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MATRIZes is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a better understanding of how to define a positive climate for inclusiveness that recognizes the context and social environment of participants. In order to study employees working with Indigenous people and minorities in four organizations, we used a grounded research approach to define what an inclusive environment might look like. The interview questions gathered examples of experiences which employees valued because they felt more included and not excluded from people they worked with. The experiences fell into four categories, as follows: (i) leadership engaged in supporting inclusiveness within the organization; (ii) leadership engaged in seeking inclusiveness within the community; (iii) being involved in multicultural practices within the organization and community; and (iv) participating in initiatives which encourage engagement and involvement. This paper's conceptualization of a climate of inclusion is different from other studies, possibly because of the unique context in which service organizations are placed, as such organizations typically work with Indigenous people and minorities. Although we are especially mindful of the danger of generalizing our findings without further research, the scope of this paper might provide some direction for future studies of other organizations. We suggest that there is also a need to be open to methods which allow individuals and groups to define a climate of inclusivity that is relevant to their context; this is because context may be essential for recognizing certain groups of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural entrepreneurship has been seen by the central government of China as a key means to rural vitalization. However, research focus on the long-term developmental status of rural entrepreneurship at local scale has been limited. According to industry types of differentiation, this research describes rural enterprises registered in the administrative area of Mianyang, southwest China, from 2011 to 2020. The spatial-temporal distribution rule of rural entrepreneurship is explored via a quantitative approach focused on spatial analysis and correlation analysis, as well as the application of geocoding on web data. How contexts such as the natural base, socio-economic condition, and institutional arrangements impact this distribution are empirically explored and discussed. The paper adds spatial-temporal insights into the role of the context of rural entrepreneurship. In particular, the paper highlights that rural entrepreneurship is a process potentially best explored at the regional scale and that physical condition and institutional support play central roles in rural entrepreneurship in southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose—The purpose of this paper is to provide a new and useful formulation of relevance. Design/methodology/approach—This paper is formulated as a conceptual argument. It makes the case for the utility of considering relevance to be function of use in creative processes. Findings—There are several corollaries to formulating relevance as a function of use. These include the idea that objects by themselves cannot be relevant since use assumes interaction; the affordances of objects and how they are perceived can affect what becomes relevant but are not in themselves relevant; relevance is not an essential characteristic of objects; relevance is transient; potential relevance (what might be relevant in the future) can be distinguished from what is relevant in use and from what has been relevant in the past. Originality/value—The paper shows that its new formulation of relevance brings improved conceptual and terminological clarity to the discourse about relevance in information science. It demonstrates that how relevance is articulated conceptually is important as its conceptualization can affect the ways that users are able to make use of information systems and, by extension, how information systems can facilitate or disable the co-production of creative outcomes. The paper also usefully expands investigative opportunities by suggesting relevance and creativity are interrelated.

To remain competitive, companies must face the changes occurring in their environment and adapt their business processes accordingly. Those processes are implemented in business process management systems (BPMS), which mostly support manual adaptations. That means that the process users have to detect what changes in the environment require process adaptation, and what adaptation operations have to be performed. Such manual adaptations of processes are costly, time-consuming and error prone tasks. For this reason, some contributions of the literature have tried to address the issue of self-adaptations of processes. But these contributions suffer from shortcomings: isolated use of adaptation techniques, non-coverage of the process dimensions and of the adaptation types, etc.; the adaptation issue remains partially addressed. Thus we recommend in this paper a hybrid approach to ensure autonomic adaptations of running processes. According to this approach, the Plan component tries to find an appropriate model version of the concerned process. Then, if such a version does not exist, it looks to reuse an adaptation case that was applied in the past under a similar situation (context). Finally, if necessary, it applies rules, as an artificial intelligence planning technique, to define an ad hoc adaptation. Moreover, the recommended approach takes advantage of the IBM MAPE-K (Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute—Knowledge) control loop from autonomic computing, recognized as a prominent solution for self-adaptation at run-time. More precisely the paper addresses the resolution of adaptation needs while covering three process dimensions and all adaptation types and ensuring the separation of concerns for better portability and wide usability through the BPMN standard. It presents both the required Knowledge and the Plan component of the control loop for this resolution. It also shows the effectiveness of the approach by illustrating self-adaptation of a process from the crisis domain, and demonstrates its feasibility by reporting about its implementation and qualitative and quantitative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) host the majority of the world's refugees. Evidence suggests that refugees and asylum seekers have high mental health needs compared to the host country population. However, they face many social, economic and culture barriers to receiving mental health care and benefitting from mental health interventions. This paper examines how these contextual factors affect the implementation of mental health interventions for refugees and asylum seekers in LMICs. Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review searching 11 databases and 24 relevant government and non-governmental organisation (NGO) websites. We spoke with academic experts and NGO professionals for recommendations, and conducted forwards and backwards citation tracking. Results: From 2055 records in abstract and title screening, and then 99 in full-text screening, 18 eligible studies were identified. Qualitative thematic synthesis was conducted on eligible papers. Three main thematic clusters were identified around: (1) support during a time of pressure and insecurity, and the need for intervention flexibility through facilitator and participant autonomy; (2) different cultural conceptions of mental health, and how interventions negotiated these differences; and (3) the importance of facilitator skills, knowledge, characteristics and relationships to intervention implementation. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that intervention coordinators and developers should continue to: (1) think broadly about the range of social influences on mental health, addressing structural issues where possible; (2) offer flexibility with intervention style, content and timings; and (3) encourage building research capacity in LMICs while acknowledging pre-existing mental health knowledge and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the concept of ambiguity in argumentation. Ambiguity in linguistics lies on the coexistence of two possibly interpretations of an utterance, while the role of contextual factors and background/encyclopedic knowledge within a specific society seems to be crucial. From a systemic point of view, Halliday has proposed three main language functions (meta-functions): a) ideational function, b) interpersonal function, c) textual function. Language could reflect speaker's experience of his external and internal world, interpersonal relationships and organization of text, respectively. Lexico-grammatical choices under a micro-level perspective and context (the environment of language) may lead to inconsistent interpretations through semantic or syntactic ambiguities. In philosophy and argumentation logic, strategies of ambiguity have been investigated by Aristotle, since the first sophistic movement. In his Topics, Metaphysics and Rhetoric, has pointed out the notion of "τό διττῶς / διχῶς λεγόμενον", meaning that a term can have different senses and double interpretation. In this paper we discuss how we reconstruct the meaning of an utterance in dialogue through the mechanism of interpretation and how we analyze and construe ambiguities, combining the insights of argumentation theory and text linguistics. Research results show that in case of misunderstanding, the "best interpretation" is the less defeasible one according to contextual presumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study 7 to 12-year-old Persian-speaking children's comprehension of polysemy through semantics. The research method is descriptive-analytic, and two kinds of methodology in data collection such as documentary resources and fieldwork have been applied. For collecting data, each of the six elementary school grades course books 'Farsi' (2018) has been studied and all polysemous words within each of these course books have been extracted. Accordingly, to evaluate polysemy comprehension in children, a multiplechoice test containing two questions was prepared for each grade and asked 25 participants to answer in each grade and each gender from among elementary schools in Tehran. In each grade, 100 answers were received and based on the number of correct answers children's polysemy comprehension was evaluated. These tests were administered under school authorities' control and children had to answer in 15 minutes. The results show that most children found the polysemous words without problem only within a context and in relation to the collocated words. Also, children can comprehend the exact meaning of polysemous words based on the encyclopedic viewpoint of meaning which is rooted in human social and physical experience. Moreover, children based on their background knowledge differentiate between multiple meanings of polysemous words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of point of interest (POI) recommendation aims to recommend unvisited places to users based on their check-in history. A major challenge in POI recommendation is data sparsity, because a user typically visits only a very small number of POIs among all available POIs. In this paper, we propose AUC-MF to address the POI recommendation problem by maximizing Area Under the ROC curve (AUC). AUC has been widely used for measuring classification performance with imbalanced data distributions. To optimize AUC, we transform the recommendation task to a classification problem, where the visited locations are positive examples and the unvisited are negative ones. We define a new lambda for AUC to utilize the LambdaMF model, which combines the lambda-based method and matrix factorization model in collaborative filtering. Many studies have shown that geographic information plays an important role in POI recommendation. In this study, we focus on two levels geographic information: local similarity and global similarity. We further show that AUC-MF can be easily extended to incorporate geographical contextual information for POI recommendation. Specifically, we propose two novel methods to incorporate geographical information in AUC-MF. Different from most existing models where the contextual information are incorporated into the objective function, the incorporation of contextual information in AUC-MF is a refinement of the model and a sampling strategy. The sampling strategy could speedup convergence and the refining of recommendations is independent of training of the model. This mechanism also enables AUC-MF to be able produce recommendations refined towards different contextual information, with minimum computational cost. Experiments on two datasets show that the proposed AUC-MF outperforms state-of-the-art methods significantly in terms of recommendation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context plays an important role in the process of decision making. A user's preferences on the items may vary from contexts to contexts, e.g., a user may prefer to watch a different type of the movies, if he or she is going to enjoy the movie with partner rather than with children. Context-aware recommender systems, therefore, were developed to adapt the recommendations to different contextual situations, such as time, location, companion, etc. Differential context modeling is a series of recommendation models which incorporate contextual hybrid filtering into the neighborhood based collaborative filtering approaches. In this paper, we propose to enhance differential context modeling by utilizing a non-dominated user neighborhood. The notion of dominance relation was originally proposed in multi-objective optimization, and it was reused to definite non-dominated user neighborhood in collaborative filtering recently. These non-dominated user neighbors refer to the neighbors that dominate others from different perspectives of the user similarities, such as the user-user similarities based on ratings, demographic information, social relationships, and so forth. In this paper, we propose to identify the non-dominated user neighborhood by exploiting user-user similarities over multiple contextual preferences. Our experimental results can demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in comparison with popular context-aware collaborative filtering models over five real-world contextual rating data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical representation of latent contextual information that captures contextual situations in which users are recommended particular items. We also introduce an algorithm that converts unstructured latent contextual information into structured hierarchical representations. In addition, we present two general context-aware recommendation algorithms that extend collaborative filtering (CF) approaches and utilize structured and unstructured latent contextual information. In particular, the first algorithm utilizes structured latent contexts and the second one combines the structured and the unstructured latent contextual representations. By using latent contextual information in a recommendation model, we capture and represent both the structure of the latent context in the form of a hierarchy and the values of contextual variables in the form of an unstructured vector. We tested the two proposed methods with two CF-based methods on several context-rich datasets under different experimental settings. We show that using hierarchical latent contextual representations leads to significantly better recommendations than the baselines for the datasets having high- and medium-dimensional contexts. Although this is not the case for the low-dimensional contextual data, the hybrid approach, combining structured and unstructured latent contextual information, significantly outperforms other baselines across all the experimental settings and dimensions of contextual data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Textiles of the Meitei community carry cultural meanings due to the motif woven, their clothing patterns, and the colours in different contexts. The tradition of weaving has been maintained through the acquisition and sharing of knowledge taught by the elders among the Meitei women folk. The textiles produced by the women folk has been being used as either utility or conceptual purposes. Their textiles serve as cultural symbols that represent something for something else. The cultural meaning of textiles has an abstract nature of representation that manifests their perception and worldview through ritual (personal and communal) practices. There are textiles which are context-based revealing different functional values from either motif or clothing patterns or colour. There are other textiles which are used by a particular person too. This paper tries to highlight the sign and symbols attributed to the Phanek worn by the Meitei women in different contexts. The study will focus on the interpretation of cultural meaning through observing motif, colour, and clothing patterns. This paper is an analytical approach to study cultural symbols of the Meitei community through the ethnographic research method. The data has been collected from the valley region of Manipur where the Meitei people are concentrated densely employing interview and group discussion techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A participatory approach is widely recommended for organizational interventions aiming to improve employee well-being. Employees' participatory influence over organizational interventions implies that managers share power over decisions concerning the design and/or implementation of those interventions. However, a power-sharing perspective is generally missing in organizational intervention literature. The aim of this paper is therefore broaden the picture of the mechanisms that influence, more or less, participatory processes by conceptually exploring this missing part to the puzzle. These conceptual explorations departs from both an empowerment and a contingency perspective and results in six propositions on what to consider in terms of power-sharing strategies, reach, amount, scope, culture and capacity. Implications for research, as well as for organizations and practitioners interested in occupational health improvements, are then discussed. Especially, the importance of aligning power-sharing forms with the needs of the participating employees, and taking factors that can facilitate or hinder the power-sharing process into consideration, are stressed. The importance of training managers in power-sharing practices and supporting a participatory process is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The current paper undertakes interdisciplinary research on empathy in children by combining insights and methodological tools from the fields of psychology, education and anthropology. The researchers aim to map how children's individual empathic abilities studied on a cognitive level do or do not coincide with their empathic expressions as part of group dynamics in daily life at the classroom level. Method: We combined qualitative and quantitative methods within three different classrooms at three different schools. In total, 77 children aged between 9 to 12 years participated. Results: The results indicate how such an interdisciplinary approach can provide unique insights. Through the integration of data from our different research tools we could reveal the interplay between different levels. More specifically this meant showing the possible influence of rule-based prosocial behaviors versus empathy based prosocial behaviors, the interplay between community empathic abilities and individual empathic abilities, and the role of peer culture and school culture. Discussion: These insights can be seen as encouragement toward a research approach that extends beyond the single disciplinary field in social science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a new interdisciplinary approach to support context modeling in context-awareness software developments. The premise of this approach relies on the idea that understanding a complex socio-technical ecology, while adapting the software to its behavior and evolution, is a primary challenge to address. Thus, the paper proposes an activity theory-based approach to aid in the conception, design, development, and evolution of emerging context-aware socio-technical ecologies. The concepts and notations used by the proposed approach are illustrated through a proof of concept that demonstrates the essential ideas and their use in real scenarios. Also, the feasibility of this approach is measured empirically through an experiment. Preliminary results show how, for a context-aware software design and development team, the proposal provides a better understanding of context than alternatives and helps to outline context models by establishing relationships and interactions between socio-technical components and by anticipating potential conflicts among them. The key ideas of the proposed approach result in the ability to analyze and model social and technological contexts around perpetually evolving system ecologies as useful representations for understanding operating environments closely tied to human actions, with software as a mediator component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fórum Lingüístico is the property of Forum Linguistico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, remote sensing technology has been widely applied in various industries, and semantic segmentation of remote sensing images has attracted much attention. Due to the complexity and special characteristics of remote sensing images, multi-scale object detection and accurate object localization are important challenges in remote sensing image semantic segmentation. Therefore, this paper proposes a context aggregation network (CANet). The design of CANet is influenced by advanced technologies such as attention mechanisms and feature fusion and enhancement. This network first introduces nested dilated residual module (NDRM), which can fully utilize the features extracted by the backbone network. Then, improved integrated successive dilation module (IISD) is proposed to effectively aggregate a series of contextual information scales. Next, Swim Transformer module is embedded to provide global contextual information. Finally, multi-resolution fusion module (MRFM) is proposed, allowing the comprehensive fusion of feature layers from different stages of the encoder, preserving more semantic and detailed information. The experimental results show that CANet outperforms other advanced models on the Potsdam and Vaihingen datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research has demonstrated that when learning mechanics, students' conceptions (SCs) improve gradually (1) and are often activated depending on problem features (2). The aim of this study is to combine these two research lines to investigate how different task characteristics affect the activation of SCs at different levels of sophistication. Data were collected from N = 356 students using a paper–pencil test in which conceptual and contextual task characteristics (CCTCs) are varied systematically across ordered multiple-choice items. Answer options were constructed according to the four levels of a force and motion learning progression. Results, obtained using quantitative methods (e.g., Rasch analysis and regression), demonstrate that the effects of CCTCs may differ at different levels of SCs. For the direction of problem, for example, activating the correct conception, assuming force proportional to acceleration, seems to be easier in tasks asking for the resulting motion. However, activating more appropriate conceptions regarding lower levels, e.g., assuming force proportional to velocity, compared to a rather undifferentiated understanding of force and motion, seems to be easier in tasks asking for the forces. Results of our study can be used for choosing tasks with specific CCTCs to support conceptual change along specific steps of a learning path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture plays a significant role in language use. It is a parameter for measuring communicative competence of a language user. Thus, the use of language is the function of the culture that owns the language. This study is predicated on Grice's (1975) conversational implicature theory. Data was got from recorded conversations in different natural settings in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The focus of the study is on politeness markers in "leader-follower", "husband-wife", "father-son", "buyer-seller", "friend-friend" and "elder brother-younger brother" conversations. Ten tape recordings were made out of which, seven were used for analysis. The pragmatic analysis of cultural influence on politeness has revealed the influence of culture on politeness markers in the Yoruba context. The study has also revealed the persuasive approach employed by the interlocutors to maintain and sustain conversation. It has been discovered that culture has conditioned the husband to assert while the wife is culture-bound to obey the assertion of her husband. This paper, therefore, recommends that language users should be exposed to the culture of the language being used as it will broaden their knowledge on how to sustain and maintain face saving act in a conversation. The knowledge of culture will definitely enhance the communicative competence of language users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of implementation research, it is widely recognised that ‘context matters.’ Attempts to implement innovations, research and new knowledge into practice invariably meet contextual challenges at multiple levels during the process of implementation. The paper by Squires and colleagues provides a detailed insight into the many different features and attributes of context. Yet, as this commentary argues, there are significant challenges ahead if we are to apply our growing understanding about context to improve the practice of implementation in everyday healthcare. This will require attention to the practicalities of working with context to achieve successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]