Search

Building on critical childhood studies and childism, this paper analyses children's participation in family law cases in Denmark. Spurred particularly by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, together with a general shift in the view on children, several jurisdictions, including Denmark, have implemented legislative reform in the last decades to accommodate children's participation rights. Even though such legal participation rights have increased, research in the family law field indicates that children's perspectives are often undermined or excluded. An analysis of qualitative data (workshops, observations, and interviews) establishes how the positioning of children and children's perspectives (as well as how "listening to children" is enacted) can be crucial to understanding the mechanisms that either subsidize or undermine children's perspectives in family law cases. The paper argues further that "listening emergent" to children can offer a path to deconstructing the norms and structures that undermine and exclude children's views—and thus offer a childist contribution to childhood research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the diverse multiethnic setting of colonial New Spain, women faced challenges in separating themselves from marriages they considered unendurable. The Catholic Church, which exercised hegemony over definitions of marriage in the colony, controlled access to permanent, formal separation or "ecclesiastical divorce", while secular courts offered shorter-term separations generally aimed at reunifying couples. Outside of these options, flight, concealment, and bigamy, or "self-divorce," offered the only recourse for women seeking to leave an untenable relationship. While it is well known that few women sought (and even fewer were granted) ecclesiastical divorce, it is clear that many women sought separation through formal and informal means. Using ecclesiastical petitions for divorce, this paper investigates the experience of deposit (depósito) for New Spain's separated women. Deposit was likely a primary goal of women's divorce petitions. Moreover, the hegemony of marriage was less complete in reality than in ideology; the number of single women in the colony is now known to be vast, and their networks substantial. Building on Bird's and Megged's insights on separation and singleness, this paper argues that studying deposit reveals a custom that offered women of all classes a substantial degree of respite and agency in separation, particularly in the early colony, when institutional options were less formalized. Sometimes, depósito permitted lengthy separations that blurred into permanency, while at other times it served as a crucial safety valve. Nonetheless, the practice was a contested terrain on which husbands also sought to exercise power and control. Deposit, therefore, was a highly ambivalent form of "separation" in Latin America. This was undoubtedly true both in the early-colonial period and thereafter, but as colonial society matured and institutional deposit became more possible and common, men's power was enhanced. Studying the practice before the late seventeenth century therefore reveals some of the ways that early colonial societal flux authorized female agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies whether unilateral divorce affects women's welfare. Unilateral divorce refers to a divorce regime where each of the spouses can dissolve the marriage unilaterally (i.e. without mutual consent). First, it builds a simple theoretical model that finds that women are better off under unilateral divorce than under mutual consent. Second, it makes use of data from the U.S. between 2003 and 2014 to explore empirically whether unilateral divorce affects the amount of time women devote to three different activities that might be seen as proxies of their level of welfare, such as, housework, leisure and relaxing activities, and personal care. We find causal evidence suggesting that unilateral divorce improves women's welfare. Namely, it reduces housework carried out by women, while it increases their amount of time devoted to leisure and relaxing activities, and personal care. Further results suggest these changes are not due to improvements in gender equality per se. Moreover, we find that the decrease in housework and the surges in leisure and relaxing activities are permanent, whereas the increase in personal care is temporary. These findings are important from a policy perspective to motivate the introduction of unilateral divorce laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years in North Macedonia, there has been a noticeable and steady rise in the prevalence of non-marital unions or domestic partnerships, alongside a decline in the number of marriages and an increase in divorces. This trend mirrors developments seen across Europe, signaling significant shifts in the perception, function, and role of the institution of marriage and family over recent decades. Across European nations, various models of legal frameworks govern non-marital unions. These differences encompass conditions for existence and legal recognition, the legal consequences of domestic partnership, and procedures for its dissolution. While some countries require registration and fulfillment of specific criteria for legal recognition and effects of non-marital unions, others, like North Macedonia, do not impose such prerequisites. In certain jurisdictions, the legal ramifications of non-marital unions closely resemble those of marriage, encompassing both personal and property rights between non-marital partners. However, in the Republic of North Macedonia, the law predominantly focuses on regulating property relations between such partners, granting them certain rights—a focal point of this research paper. The legal framework governing the property relations of non-marital partners holds significant importance, particularly in safeguarding the financial security of economically vulnerable partners and ensuring the protection of any shared children. The methods employed in this research include theoretical analysis and the comparative method, drawing upon the legal frameworks and practices of Croatia, France, and Italy alongside North Macedonia. Through these analytical approaches, we aim to elucidate the intricate dynamics of domestic partnerships and their implications for individuals and families in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in predictive analytics is growing in popularity. It has the power to offer ground-breaking solutions for a range of social problems and real world societal difficulties. It is helpful in addressing some of the social issues that today's world seems incapable of solving. One of the most significant phenomena affecting people's lives is divorce. The goal of this paper is to study the use of machine learning algorithms to determine the effectiveness of divorce predictor scale (DPS) and identify the reasons that usually lead to divorce in the scenario of Hail region, KSA. For this purpose, in this study, the DPS, based on Gottman couples therapy, was used to predict divorce by applying different machine learning algorithms. There were 54 items of the DPS used as features or attributes for data collection. In addition to the DPS, a personal information form was utilized to gather participants' personal data in order to conduct this study in a more structured and traditional manner. Out of 148 participants 116 participants were married whereas 32 were divorced. With the use of algorithms artificial neural network (ANN), naïve bayes (NB), and random forest (RF), the effectiveness of DPS was examined in this study. The correlation based feature selection method was used to identify the top six features from the same dataset and the highest accuracy rate was 91.66% with RF. The results show that DPS can predict divorce. This scale can help family counselors and therapists in case formulation and intervention plan development process. Additionally, it may be argued that the Hail region, KSA sampling confirmed the Gottman couples treatment predictors., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Media Iuris is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Marriage and making a family is one of the most important non-market choices in every person's life cycle with its own particular economic, social and even political effects. This choice is being made within a framework of both formal and informal institutions. By institution, we mean the rules of the game. This paper purports to apply "Family Economics" and "Economic Analysis of Law" to investigate the philosophy of family law from an economic perspective. From this approach, marriage is a long-run contract with obligations for spouses the enforcement of which brings benefits to the parties. These benefits heavily depend on the investment of the parties in the marriage that itself is associated with costs and risks. Indeed, there is an asymmetry of costs of investments and risks of utilizing of benefits over the time for the wife and the husband. This might lead to opportunistic behavior from the husband, specifically at the early years of marriage. From the economic perspective, the most important function of family law (which appears in divorce law) is to manage and cover this risk for the wife and deter the husband from opportunistic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage, as depicted in both the Old and New Testaments, is considered a sacred institution created by God. However, this sacred institution has been under attack over the centuries and has resulted in a high divorce rate, particularly among Christians. While this might seem discouraging, it does not suggest that there is no hope for this divine institution. That means that Christianity today must help in formulating a truly Biblical view or principles for Christian marriage to reduce the prevalence of divorce. In the Gospels, Jesus spoke about marriage, divorce, and remarriage, condemning the Jewish leaders' permissive attitude towards divorce. He highlights several principles to emphasize the uniqueness and permanency of marriage that Christians can use as a template for their marriage. This paper thus examined Jesus' perspective on these topics in Matthew 19:3-12 and Mark 10:2-12 through a literary analysis using related materials. It first explored the context of the selected passages. It also examined four main principles that Jesus presents in the above passage regarding the institution of marriage by analyzing some key Greek words that Jesus used, which are relevant to the topic. These are kataleipõ, proskollaõ, suzeugnumi, and chõrizetõ. The study concluded that the principles highlighted by Christ remain as pertinent in today's world as they were during his era. Also when believers adhere to Christ's teachings, Christian marriages can be enhanced and rejuvenated. This write-up adds to the existing literature on the marriage institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has witnessed a rapid expansion in Internet penetration in recent years, with profound impacts on people's family life and marital relationships. This paper aims to examine the causal effects and functionary of information access through Internet on marital stability. This paper identifies a robust association between Internet use and increasing divorce rates in China by using nationally representative, individual-level survey data and province-level aggregate data. Various regression techniques and specifications demonstrated the statistical and economic significance of the association. Given the ever-expanding role of the Internet and the serious consequences of divorce on families and society, it is imperative that we study the underlying mechanisms as the first step toward socially responsible policymaking. Our analysis revealed a significant mediating effect of the self-reported importance of Internet information acquisition, the frequency of chatting with online friends, the frequency of meeting with online friends, and the intensity of Internet use. These findings are consistent with the theory that the increase in divorce decisions is due to better information access and is, therefore, rational and that policies such as a mandatory cooling-off period for divorce may lower societal welfare. We also conducted a series of heterogeneity analyses that showed, among other findings, that the Internet effect is stronger for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Psicología Jurídica is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IWNW is the property of Ain Shams University, Faculty of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam is the property of UIN Saizu Purwokerto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although faithful and lasting relations are valued as important characteristics of marriage in the Bible, not every marriage meets these characteristics. This paper examines the New Testament foundations of the legal rules and advice for Christians when their marriages fail and the marriage bond breaks up. It examines in what way the law protects the weak one in the situation, when marriage no longer provides the husband and wife a home and safety and even becomes a place of violence and destruction. The paper summarizes the Old Testament foundations concerning a faithful and lasting marriage and the legal rules to regulate the situations, when the marriage fails and a husband divorces his wife. It consequently analyzes and comments on the legal aspects of the situations when marriage fails as we read about it in the New Testament, in 1K 7,10-16, Mk 10,2-12, Mt 5,31-32 and 19,2-12 and Lk 16,18. It finally provides a summary of the commentaries in the Czech Ecumenical Commentary on the pertinent Biblical texts and finally has a few final comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide the framework to analyze the impact of shocks related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of divorce. The model takes into account family/marriage capital with its depreciation, investments in this capital and the costs of divorce. The problem faced by the agent is analyzed and formulas for the optimal division of income between consumption and investments in family capital are derived. Comparative statics is performed by calculating the signs of all derivatives of all variables with respect to all parameters. The analysis shows that a change in economic conditions has the least effect of any factor influenced by COVID-19 in changing the probability of a divorce. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first mathematical model in the literature that covers the issues of the impact of a lockdown on the durability of marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Previous studies on the role of partner choice in relationship dissolution have shown that exogamous marriages often have higher divorce risks. Yet, given that these studies focus only on marriages, it remains unclear whether the same dynamics can be seen in unmarried cohabiting couples, or what the exact role of a premarital cohabitation period is. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to examine whether the link between union dissolution and endogamy differs across relationship types by comparing marriages with and without a period of premarital cohabitation and unmarried cohabiting couples. METHODS Based on survival analyses and multivariate event history models, this study analyzes union dissolution risks among married and unmarried cohabiting couples with at least one partner of Belgian, Southern European, Turkish, Moroccan, Congolese, Burundian, or Rwandan descent. We use longitudinal data from the Belgian National and Social Security registers for a sample of couples formed between 1999 and 2001. RESULTS The results indicated that exogamous direct marriages have substantially higher risks of relationship dissolution. Yet, differences in dissolution risks between exogamous and endogamous couples with and without a migrant background become smaller or disappear entirely when unmarried cohabitation is involved. CONTRIBUTION This paper contributes to the literature on endogamy and union dissolution by going beyond the study of marriages. In contexts where unmarried cohabitation has become a common entry point to relationship formation but still has different meanings among majority and minority populations, this paper shows that cohabitation can no longer be disregarded when studying the link between endogamy and relationship dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is prepared based on the research on 18 couples of husbands and wives from a faculty at a state Islamic university in Yogyakarta. The research found that good communication between husbands and wives in household life could build family resilience and prevent divorce. This study used normative-sociology approach combined with the maslahhah mursalah and convergence theories, which was further combined with the Ibnu Miskawaih and K. Hajar Dewantoro's theories. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 18 couples of husbands and wives. The study found that a good communication between wives and husbands could be built through verbal and non-verbal communications. These verbal and non-verbal communications had the same strength in building a good communication, depending on the situations. There were times when it was more appropriate to use verbal communication, while there were also times when non-verbal communication was the right choice. It could, therefore, be said that communication played a crucial role in building family resilience. Thus, analyzed using the mashlahhah mursalah theory, it was not an exaggeration to state that building communication is a necessity for husbands and wives. It is not even exaggerating to say that building a good communication is an obligation that husbands and wives cannot ignore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from previous research on domestic violence and stalking, this study addresses children's experiences of their family relations in post-separation parental stalking contexts from the perspective of stalking as a form of violence against women and children. Despite the fact that violence perpetrated by a parent fundamentally changes family dynamics and children's perceptions of family security, research on children's family relations in the course of domestic violence or stalking has rarely addressed children's sense of belonging. The aim of this paper is to augment our understanding of children's experiences of family relations in connection with parental stalking. The research question is: How do children experience their belonging in family relations in the context of post-separation parental stalking? A total of 31 children and young people aged 2–21 participated in the study. The data were collected through interviews and therapeutic action group sessions with the children. The qualitative data analysis was content-oriented. Four dimensions of children's sense of belonging were identified: (1) Varying belonging, (2) distancing belonging, (3) non-belonging and (4) holding belonging. The first three dimensions are constructed in relation to the child's stalking father, while the fourth one includes the mother, siblings and other relationships that provide safety and comfort. The dimensions are parallel and not mutually exclusive. The study indicates that a finer-grained understanding of children's sense of belonging in family relations is needed when social and health care and law enforcement professionals evaluate the child's safety and best interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has mainly examined non-adaptive responses to divorce, with less attention being paid to positive changes following the adversity of marital dissolution, especially posttraumatic growth and its consequences. The aim of this paper was to analyse the relationship between posttraumatic growth and subjective well-being, as well as the mediating and moderating role of self-esteem in this relationship among divorced men and women. The sample consisted of 209 divorcees (143 females, 66 males) aged 23-80 ( M = 41.97, SD = 10.72). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were used in the study. Positive associations between overall posttraumatic growth, specific growth dimensions, subjective well-being and self-esteem were found. Self-esteem was confirmed as a mediator in the relationships between changes in perception of self and subjective well-being (SWB), between changes in relating to others and SWB and between appreciation for life and SWB. Self-esteem moderated the association between spiritual changes and subjective well-being; namely, changes in spirituality were positively related to happiness in individuals with lower and average self-esteem but not with high self-esteem. We found no differences between women and men in the obtained results. Self-esteem might be considered a possible psychological (mediating rather than moderating) mechanism in the transmission of PTG onto SWB in divorcees, regardless of their gender.

With the severe upswing in divorce experienced by developed nations in the last fifty years, social scientists in many disciplines are intensifying their focus on marital dissolution and its implications for society, families, and individuals. [10]'s ([10]) examination of contemporary Austrian family law, which is fairly distinct from many other developed countries in that it still includes fault-based divorce, provides detailed case-study descriptions showing that fault-based divorce proceedings are grounded in normative and legal ideas of marriage. The results of these studies and that of [10] ([10]) underscore the importance of divorce policy and processes for the everyday lives and relationships of family members well after the legal divorce has occurred. Two articles address the personal characteristics of marital partners and how they impact divorce risk and post-divorce relationship choices. [Extracted from the article]

From the specialised literature, we know that divorce is a demographic event of particular importance, which directly affects two other events: the marriage rate by reducing the number of marriages and, implicitly, the birth rate because the family is the social institution that favours children's birth. This demographic phenomena in Romania have aroused the interest of sociologists and psychologists who, in their research, deal with the causes, dynamics and consequences of divorces on divorced partners and the relationship between divorced parents-children-family. The demographic analysis of birth, mortality, marriage and divorce was the subject of some chapters in treatises on general demography, textbooks, and articles based on descriptive statistical analysis or dissemination of statistical data. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of divorces and divorciality in post-communist Romania (1990-2022). Our research is based on data provided by the National Institute of Statistics, population and housing census data (rounds 1992, 2002, 2011 and 2021), and Eurostat data for comparative analysis. We have adopted a sociodemographic perspective, utilizing a complex methodology that includes descriptive statistical analysis, boxplot analysis, cartographic analysis, Pearson correlation, multivariate regression, and analysis of regression residuals. This comprehensive approach ensures the reliability and validity of our findings. A particularity of this research is the appraisal of the weights of certain social groups to determine their territorial influence. Thus, by representing the share of the divorced population in the total resident population of Romania, according to the data from the censuses, a synthesis of the behaviour of people depending on the marital status manifested in space and time is expected. The cartographic analysis of divorciality based on data from the Population and Housing Census - 2021 round describes the dynamic of this demographic phenomena. It is the first research on divorce carried out using data from the population and housing censuses in Romania after 1990. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses that Rabbi Pamela Barmash's teshuvah addresses the need for an egalitarian approach to Jewish marriage and divorce, rooted in her extensive academic research on marriage metaphors and rabbinic literature. Her proposal offers two options: hitkadeshut, where partners sanctify themselves to each other, and berit ahuvim, a partnership model inspired by Rabbi Rachel Adler.

Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) / Kazahskij Nacional'nyj Universitet Imeni Al'-Farabi Vestnik Seriâ Vostokovedeniâ is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fact that legal issues support local wisdom, ethics, and human rights and the way in which they operate in the nation-state are not well-understood; however, this is a significant issue. Indonesian independence, achieved on 17 August 1945, initiated substantial changes in the religious life of Indonesians. While most of Indonesia is Islamic, other religious beliefs include Hinduism and Christianity. Indonesia did not consider the Balinese a formal religious group in 1945. However, because of the Mount Agung eruption in Bali, many Balinese migrated outside the island. They lived in Lampung (Sumatra), certain places in Java, Palangkaraya (Borneo), Palu (Celebes), and other areas in the Indonesian archipelago, and have lived there for a long time. The total number of Balinese at the present day is around three million, but outside Bali, their number is 10 million. Their number increased throughout the Old Regime, the New Order, and the Reformation periods until the present time. They face many significant problems regarding the marriage and divorce laws juxtaposed with national law, as is the case with other religious communities, such as the Islamic community in Indonesia. Several important questions need to be addressed in this paper. First, what is adat law, or customary law, in Bali and outside Bali regarding the concept of Hindu Nusantara? Second, how should customary law be implemented, for example, relating to marriage and divorce issues in the building of the nation-state? Third, what is the customary law relating to the present situation of the Hindu communities in Indonesia? These are some significant questions. By using interdisciplinary approaches to customary laws, religious history, anthropology, and sociology, we expect to have a better understanding of how the Balinese customary law can become part of the formal law in modern Indonesia. By understanding these issues, it will be possible to strengthen national regulations by adopting certain values of customary law in modern Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce emerges as a phenomenon in counterpoint to marriage, both terms representing processes or phases of interaction punctuated by moments of completion and transition to further phases. We can make an initial distinction between divorce, viewed as undoing of preceding phases, and marriage, viewed as prospective of moving into a new relationship. Both divorce and marriage may carry different meanings depending on the wider culture in which they occur. Where marriage comes into being via a series of reciprocal transactions of wealth objects, divorce correspondingly consists of the undoing of such transactions, with the aim of creating a new order of relationships. This process can, in turn, itself vary as it turns on emotional manifestations between the parties involved, sometimes connected with the presence of offspring, as in the case of the Nuer people of South Sudan, among whom a wife does not shift to her husband's settlement place until the couple have a child. The question of transactions goes with the significance of the wider kin networks in which marriages and divorces are regulated. All in all, our paper examines a counterpoint between legal and emotional aspects of both marriage and divorce, raising issues about what a marriage is and what constitutes a divorce, together with nuances of ritual processes that mark pathways between these categories. We draw on ethnography from Pacific cultures, especially Papua New Guinea, and from Africa, to explore these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current interpretations of section 81 of the Ise monogatari read it as a representation of the concept of miyabi (courtliness), defined as an ideal sphere of elegance divorced from worldly matters and political intrigues. Taking issue with the nonpolitical views of the Ise Stories entailed in such readings, this paper shows how the poem recited in this episode acquires political overtones through its narrative contextualization and the historical background evoked by its setting. While on surface the story depicts an ideal sphere of disengagement from the political arena, the very form of unworldly refinement it centres on, the composition of waka, also functions as a vehicle of covert criticism of the Fujiwaras' regime and a plea for virtuous government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desarrollo Económico is the property of Instituto de Desarrollo Economico y Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of the husband’s consent for khul‘ is debatable among classical and contemporary Muslim jurists. The judiciary of Pakistan has played its role to decide the controversy between husband and wife in the cases of khul‘. It is evident in Islamic law that a husband can dissolve the marriage and divorce his wife by denoting the word talaq. There is no need for justification of divorce from the husband neither in Islamic law nor the Pakistani legal system. But the female initiative divorce is debatable and depends on the consent of the husband to some Muslim jurists while others oppose this view. The Pakistani judiciary is also not on the same page, various judgments and different interpretations by the judges. In Pakistani law, The Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act 1939 in its section 2 mentions certain justified reasons for the dissolution of marriage by a woman but it’s not easy to justify the reason in a court of law. This paper tries to find whether the consent of the husband is mandatory in khul‘ case or not. It denotes the opinions of classical and contemporary Muslim jurists. This research examines the grounds for the dissolution of marriage in Islamic law and the Pakistani legal system. The role of the Pakistani judiciary will be investigated and compared with the principles of Islamic law regarding the consent of the husband in khul‘. This research concludes that the husband’s approval and consent is neither required in Islamic law nor in the Pakistani legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social life course determinants of adult hypertension are relatively unknown. This paper examines how parental separation before age 10 relates to hypertension at age 46. Adjusting for parental confounders and considering the role of adult mediators, we aim to quantify unexplored mediating pathways in childhood using prospectively collected data. Data from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study are utilised. Hypertension is measured by health care professionals at age 46. Potential mediating pathways in childhood include body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, illness, disability, family socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive and developmental indicators at age 10. Additionally, we explore to what extent childhood mediators operate through adult mediators, including health behaviours, family SES, BMI and mental wellbeing. We also test for effect modification of the relationship between parental separation and hypertension by gender. Nested logistic regression models test the significance of potential mediating variables. Formal mediation analysis utilising Karlson Holm and Breen (KHB) method quantify the direct and indirect effect of parental separation on offspring hypertension at midlife. There was an association between parental separation and hypertension in mid-life in women but not men. For women, family SES and cognitive and behavioural development indicators at age 10 partly mediate the relationship between parental separation and hypertension at age 46. When adult mediators including, health behaviours, family SES, BMI and mental wellbeing are included, the associations between the childhood predictors and adult hypertension are attenuated, suggesting that these childhood mediators in turn may work through adult mediators to affect the risk of hypertension in midlife. We found family SES in childhood, cognitive and behaviour development indicators at age 10, including disruptive behaviour, coordination and locus of control in childhood, to be important mediators of the relationship between parental separation and midlife hypertension suggesting that intervening in childhood may modify adult hypertension risk., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

This paper presents empirical evidences of cultural barriers to women and the youths in accessing family land among the Ndali tribe, drawing insights on the cultural practices and social norms. The evidence emanates from discussions with local leaders: members of Village Land Councils and members of the Village Councils from six villages namely Itumba, Isongole, Nyenzebwe, Mlale, Ilulu and Izuba. A total of 65 leaders (26 females and 39 males) took part in the focus group discussion during a seminar on the Tanzanian land laws. Empirical evidences have shown that access to land held under customary tenure for both women and the youth within the Ndali tribe is largely influenced by multiple cultural norms including patrilineal lineage, commoditization of women through dowry payment upon marriage, and gender-based discrimination on inheritance. The dominant patrilineal lineage does not recognize women rights to land. Women are considered temporary members in the clans i.e. as daughters who will get married or wives who may leave upon divorce. Women are considered commodities purchased through dowry and, therefore, not qualified to inherit land on the husband's clan land. As such, family or clan land is passed over through male family members. For the youths, the main cultural barrier is associated with the timing of inheritance. It was observed that it is a common practice for male youth to inherit clan and family land at the passing on of the male head of the family. The youth remain landless and only access use rights. The observed cultural barriers suggest that the legal framework which govern land management and provides for equal access to land is not well understood. There is need to put in place strategies for creating awareness of the laws to curb continued discriminative cultural norms and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(3), 1339-1343 | European Forum Insight of 15 February 2022 | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. A spouse can only have one habitual residence - III. Some clarifications on the definition of habitual residence | (Abstract) In application of art. 3 Brussels II-bis a spouse can only have one habitual residence even if he/she share his/her time between two Member States. The court has the duty to establish his/her habitual residence taking into account the place where such person has the main centre of his or her interests and a stable presence.

This paper examines whether and how changes in relationship status (i.e., cohabitation, marriage, separation, or divorce) affect individuals' smoking behavior and body weight. Using German Socio-Economic Panel data, this study accounts for differences between treated (i.e., those affected by a specific family event) and untreated participants since treatment and control groups differ with respect to several characteristics such as age, which may bias the results. Therefore, regression-adjusted matching is employed for each family event separately. This study, thus, takes steps towards disentangling causality from correlation. Overall, changes in family composition (such as moving together with or separating from the partner) impact the probability to start or quit smoking and lead to changes in body weight. In particular, smoking behavior and body weight are predominantly affected by forming or dissolving a household, rather than by marriage or divorce: cohabitation leads to weight gain; separation from a partner leads to weight loss, increased smoking initiation, and decreased smoking cessation., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Nonresident fathers, following separation/divorce, are more likely to experience multiple forms of family types simultaneously than any other sociodemographic group. Although there is considerable writing on the factors and issues surrounding nonresident fathers from academics, the Family court, the Child Support Agency, and women's and welfare groups, the voice of nonresident fathers themselves is rarely heard. This is due to nonresident fathers being marginalized, disempowered, and silenced by these same entities. The voice of nonresident fathers is routinely minimized, dismissed, and labeled as anti-feminist or a backlash to feminism. This opinion piece argues that there is a need for qualitative research to be undertaken to investigate, document, and explore nonresident fathers' voices from their own perspective to hear what they have to say of themselves so that a better understanding of the dynamics that impact and influence them can be achieved. This would mean that actions can be identified and undertaken to better understand nonresident fathers' situation while providing insights for the development of social policies by Government and Welfare agencies together with support care for nonresident fathers highlighting their desires and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic & Religious Studies / Majallah-yi ʿUlūm-i Islāmiyyah va Dīniyyah is the property of University of Haripur, Pakistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the framework of the process of secularization of civil society, the institution of marriage has traditionally been at the crossroads between religious and secular law, and it gives the opportunity to investigate whether and to what degree a religious law can develop when it interacts with a secular juridical context without weakening its identity. The Italian lawmaker has traditionally adopted a "benevolent secularism" approach, trying to balance new social expectations with the Catholic idea of marriage. The above-mentioned approach has resulted in aligning with the mainstream opinions in Italian society, which are consistent with the guidelines of the Catholic Church. Indeed, in Italy, the Catholic Church, which considers marriage as a sacred unbreakable bond between a man and a woman, has often had an open and incisive influence on legislative policy choices. Since 1970, there has a been a gradual erosion of Catholic influence on public policies. New statutes and judicial rulings concerning such issue have emphasized a sharp ideological and political polarization between two opposite ethical narratives: the secular and the religious/Catholic one. Catholic tenets are no more able to influence political democratic processes. In the last fifty years, Italian legislation has followed a more progressive direction with regard to the issue of marriage, taking distances from the Catholic model. The Italian legal system has also started to face controversial issues, such as the status of same-sex unions, recognizing broader rights with a view to guaranteeing the coexistence of multiple views about marriage. Thus, the Catholic Church is challenged by new paradigms and is undergoing deep internal tensions and transitions. The present paper aims to focus on some new challenges, with regard to the status of divorcees who married again, unmarried couples, and same-sex couples in canon law. In the framework of the debate concerning the role and the reformability of religious laws, it will take into consideration new pontifical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the central premises of the literature on financialisation is that we have been living in a new era of capitalism, characterised by a historical shift in the finance-production nexus. Finance has expanded to a disproportionate economic size and, more importantly, has divorced from productive economic pursuits. In this paper, we explore these claims of 'expansion' and 'divorce' based on a longue durée analysis of the link between finance and production in Senegal and Ghana. As such, we de-centre the dominant approach to financialisation. Seen from the South, we argue that although there has been expansion of financial motives and practices the 'divorce' between the financial and the productive economy cannot be considered a new empirical phenomenon having occurred during the last decades and even less an epochal shift of the capitalist system. The tendency for finance to neglect the needs of the domestic productive sector has been the structural operation of finance in many parts of the Global South over the last 150 years. Therefore, one cannot put forward a theory of the evolution of finance under capitalism without taking these crucial historical insights into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internet-based interventions (IBIs) are as efficient as face-to-face psychotherapy for a variety of mental health disorders, including complicated grief. Most evidence stems from guided IBIs. However, recent research indicates that the benefit of guidance is lower in more interactive IBIs. As such, providing guidance only to people requiring it (guidance on demand) appears a cost-effective solution. This is particularly important to develop given the recent rise in grief symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents the protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and adherence rate of 2 IBIs for grief-related symptoms after the loss a close one following death or romantic separation, using a guidance on demand framework. LIVIA 2.0 was developed based on theoretical and empirical findings on grief processes and IBIs, and it will be compared to LIVIA 1 that has already demonstrated its efficacy. Objective: Our main hypotheses are that LIVIA 1 (control condition) and LIVIA 2.0 (experimental condition) increase participants' well-being and decrease their distress at posttest and at follow-up, that LIVIA 2.0 is more efficient than LIVIA 1 for all outcomes, and that LIVIA 2.0 has less dropouts than LIVIA 1. Methods: Outcomes will be assessed at pretest, posttest (12 weeks later), and follow-up (24 weeks later). We will recruit 234 participants through a variety of means, including social media and contacts with the press. Primary outcomes are grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, and eudemonic well-being. Secondary outcomes are anxiety symptoms, grief coping strategies, aspects related to self-identity reorganization, and program satisfaction. LIVIA 2.0 participants will additionally undergo a weekly mood and grief symptom monitoring, allowing us to explore the short-term efficacy of the sessions. Results: The creation and development of the content of LIVIA 2.0 was completed during the first phase of the project. Participant recruitment will begin in May 2022 and will last until January 2023. Conclusions: This study will emphasize the relevance of the innovations included in LIVIA 2.0 regarding the efficacy and dropout rate of IBIs for grief symptoms and will allow investigations on how these changes impact the demand for guidance. In the current postpandemic times, developing and assessing IBIs targeting grief symptoms are particularly critical given the rise in grief-related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper purports to analyze the effects of Mahr on marital behavior and some important intra-family decisions by applying microeconomic tools. Theoretical analyses imply that an increase in Mahr increases the implicit price of marriage, and it would decrease demand for marriage and thereby increase demand for marriage substitutes. An increase in Mahr would increase the net expected benefit of fertility for the husband and would decline it for the wife. It creates divergent incentives for fertility in the family that might decrease it. Due to the contradictory incentives of wife and husband, the final effect of Mahr on the divorce is not theoretically predictable. However, it seems that if the wife is not inclined to exchange part or whole of her Mahr for divorce and custody rights (which are given to the husband by default), then domestic violence might increase in the divorce process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on marital behavior. We use data from the American Community Survey from 2008 to 2019 and estimate difference‐in‐differences models to test for effects on marriage and divorce outcomes. We find that expansions led to a 0.95% reduction in marriage stock and a 2.22% increase in divorce stock, with effects being larger among low educated individuals. We believe that two factors play a role as underlying mechanisms: (1) reduced reliance on spousal insurance coverage and (2) deciding to forego marriage or get divorced to meet eligibility restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND While a striking rise in shared physical custody after divorce has been observed in Wisconsin and some European countries, the same trend in shared custody has not been documented in US national data. OBJECTIVE We provide new evidence on the time trend in shared physical custody after divorce in the United States. METHODS We use eight waves of data from the Current Population Survey -- Child Support Supplement to estimate logit models and conduct a formal decomposition. RESULTS The likelihood of shared physical custody after divorce more than doubled in the United States from before 1985 until 2010--2014, from 13% to 34%. Non-linear probability (logit) models show that non-Hispanic Whites and more advantaged individuals are more likely to report shared physical custody. Both sequential multivariate models and a more formal decomposition show that the increase cannot be explained by changes in the characteristics of those divorcing; rather we find that several characteristics become more strongly associated with shared physical custody over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that shared physical custody is increasing in the United States as a whole, and this increase appears to reflect changing norms and policies that favor shared custody. These changing patterns have important implications for children's living arrangements and for the parental investments that children receive after their parents' divorce -- and more broadly for the rise in inequality across families over recent decades. CONTRIBUTION This paper complements previous analyses using court record data from a single US state (Wisconsin) and shows that a large increase in shared physical custody after divorce has occurred in the United States as a whole over the past three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2008 and 2017, Mexican states introduced no-fault unilateral divorce, which allowed married individuals to seek a divorce without the consent of their spouse. In this paper, we exploit variation in the state-level adoption of the reforms to investigate the consequences of the divorce law liberalization. Based on an event study design, our results suggest that no-fault divorce dramatically increased divorce rates in the 3 years following the reform. We next consider how the reform affected divorce filings and divorce settlements. We find that no-fault divorce increased individual divorce filings, especially among women, and lowered the frequency of spousal alimony payments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forum: Qualitative Social Research / Qualitative Sozialforschung is the property of Forum Qualitative Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building on critical childhood studies and childism, this paper analyses children’s participation in family law cases in Denmark. Spurred particularly by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, together with a general shift in the view on children, several jurisdictions, including Denmark, have implemented legislative reform in the last decades to accommodate children’s participation rights. Even though such legal participation rights have increased, research in the family law field indicates that children’s perspectives are often undermined or excluded. An analysis of qualitative data (workshops, observations, and interviews) establishes how the positioning of children and children’s perspectives (as well as how “listening to children” is enacted) can be crucial to understanding the mechanisms that either subsidize or undermine children’s perspectives in family law cases. The paper argues further that “listening emergent” to children can offer a path to deconstructing the norms and structures that undermine and exclude children’s views—and thus offer a childist contribution to childhood research.

In the diverse multiethnic setting of colonial New Spain, women faced challenges in separating themselves from marriages they considered unendurable. The Catholic Church, which exercised hegemony over definitions of marriage in the colony, controlled access to permanent, formal separation or “ecclesiastical divorce”, while secular courts offered shorter-term separations generally aimed at reunifying couples. Outside of these options, flight, concealment, and bigamy, or “self-divorce,” offered the only recourse for women seeking to leave an untenable relationship. While it is well known that few women sought (and even fewer were granted) ecclesiastical divorce, it is clear that many women sought separation through formal and informal means. Using ecclesiastical petitions for divorce, this paper investigates the experience of deposit (depósito) for New Spain’s separated women. Deposit was likely a primary goal of women’s divorce petitions. Moreover, the hegemony of marriage was less complete in reality than in ideology; the number of single women in the colony is now known to be vast, and their networks substantial. Building on Bird’s and Megged’s insights on separation and singleness, this paper argues that studying deposit reveals a custom that offered women of all classes a substantial degree of respite and agency in separation, particularly in the early colony, when institutional options were less formalized. Sometimes, depósito permitted lengthy separations that blurred into permanency, while at other times it served as a crucial safety valve. Nonetheless, the practice was a contested terrain on which husbands also sought to exercise power and control. Deposit, therefore, was a highly ambivalent form of “separation” in Latin America. This was undoubtedly true both in the early-colonial period and thereafter, but as colonial society matured and institutional deposit became more possible and common, men’s power was enhanced. Studying the practice before the late seventeenth century therefore reveals some of the ways that early colonial societal flux authorized female agency.

Val Plumwood (née Morrell) is best known in the logic community for her work on relevant logics published jointly with Richard Sylvan. Together, as "Val and Richard Routley", they worked at the center of the Canberra Logic Group from 1971 to 1981 before they divorced and changed names, whereupon Val shifted her focus to issues in environmental philosophy. Her writing in that latter field drew so much attention, in fact, that most people familiar with her philosophical work know her solely for contributions there and are quite often surprised to hear of her work in non-classical logic. While her "fame" as an environmental philosopher overshadowed her work in logic, this work included significant contributions to the emerging study of non-classical logics and relevant logics in particular. Like Sylvan, she later turned to applications of this non-classical thinking in other areas, eventually in areas traditionally deemed beyond the reach of logical innovation. What follows, then, is an account of this sometimes-neglected aspect of Plumwood's contribution to philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]