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Many aerosol products rely on the rapid vaporization of volatile propellants to produce a fine spray. In the simplest case, these are binary mixtures of propellant and a delivered product which undergo a flash-evaporation process leaving only the less volatile product in the resultant droplet. In more complex applications, such as pressurized metered-dose inhalers, the non-propellant component may contain dissolved or suspended drug which precipitates or dries to form a matured particle. The size and morphology of the particles depend strongly on the time-history of the droplet as the propellant evaporates. However, measuring the dynamic evaporation processes that occur in dense sprays containing millions of droplets is challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel application of Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering to measure the bulk composition of volatile HFC134a-ethanol sprays and compare the obtained results with simple evaporation models in a dry nitrogen environment. The data reveal that diffusion-limiting processes inside the droplet are equally important as external convection and mixing-limited factors in determining evaporative timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaporation from soils is critical for agricultural water management. This requires a clear understanding of the water retention and soil shrinkage behavior of soils during water escape and due to fertilizers usage. Based on laboratory testing, this paper provides a comprehensive dataset generated for the determination of the geotechnical properties of inert silty sand and active lean clay using distilled water and saline pore fluid under ambient conditions. The tests include fluid-independent general soil properties, fluid-dependent specific soil properties, low-demand evaporation as a baseline, and high-demand evaporation to capture summer. Dataset: 10.5683/SP3/U6N4EF. Dataset License: Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the evaporation duct height (EDH) only covers the antenna height of most shipborne microwave radars, mastering the EDH in advance has great significance in achieving long-range target detection. In this paper, a set of hydrological and meteorological sensors based on the gradient meteorological instrument (GMI) were built to monitor the evaporation duct of the South China Sea (SCS). However, the monitoring needed to be interrupted during the battery replacement of the sensor, which could result in the loss of some important data collection. On the basis of the inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) technology, the resonance principle was used to compensate the inductive reactance on the closed steel ring (CSR), and the energy stored in the super capacitor was introduced for data collection and return. A novel measuring system for the detection of an evaporation duct was proposed. To avoid iterative calculation by setting the initial value of the current evaporation duct models in large-scale and multi time evaporation duct prediction and diagnosis, on the basis of the non-iterative air–sea flux (NAF) model, the EDH was obtained by introducing the K theoretical flux observation method into the atmospheric refractive index equation. Finally, preliminary experimental results are presented for the detection of evaporation duct to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system. The communication accuracy rate of the proposed system was 99.7%. The system transmission power reached 22.8 W. The research results of the NAF model adaptability showed that the mean value of the EDH was 8.7 m, which was lower than the mean EDH of the SCS. The EDH calculated by the NAF model in the unstable air–sea stratification state was slightly lower than that calculated by the NPS model. The diagnosis of the EDH by the NAF model was similar to that of the NPS model, but the calculation stability of the NAF model was better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased impervious surfaces due to urbanization have reduced evaporation and infiltration into the soil compared with existing natural water cycle systems, which causes various problems, such as urban floods, landslides, and deterioration of water quality. To effectively solve the urban water cycle issue, green infrastructure using urban green space has emerged to reduce runoff and increase evaporation. It has the advantage of restoring the water cycle system of urban areas by complementing the failure of conventional stormwater treatment systems. However, urban areas under high-density development have limited green space for stormwater treatment. Hence, it is necessary to efficiently utilize street trees and small green spaces to improve the urban water cycle through green space. In this study, we simulated different green space distribution scenarios in the virtual domain to find the optimal strategy of green space planning. Compared to clustered scenarios, dispersed green space distribution scenarios and placing green space downstream were more effective in reducing the runoff amount. The paper provides insights into the considerations for determining green space spatial plan and zoning regulations for stormwater treatment by green infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that at the event scale, evaporation losses of rainfall intercepted by canopy are a few millimeters, which is often not much in comparison to other stocks in the water balance. Nevertheless, at yearly scale, the number of times that the canopy is filled by rainfall and then depleted can be so large that the interception flux may become an important fraction of rainfall. Many accurate interception models and models that describe evaporation by wet canopy have been proposed. However, they often require parameters that are difficult to obtain, especially for large-scale applications. In this paper, a simplified interception/evaporation model is proposed, which considers a modified Merrian model to compute interception during wet spells, and a simple power-law equation to model evaporation by wet canopy during dry spells. Thus, the model can be applied for continuous simulation, according to the sub hourly rainfall data that is appropriate to study both processes. It is shown that the Merrian model can be derived according to a simple linear storage model, also accounting for the antecedent intercepted stored volume, which is useful to consider for the suggested simplified approach. For faba bean cover crop, an application of the suggested procedure, providing reasonable results, is performed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the existing numerical models addressing the dynamics of water vapor flux across the air-water interface. Additionally, it introduces a novel model based on the empirical friction velocity of the air over a water surface. This new model is used to predict evaporation rates, especially in the context of wind tunnel experiments where water tanks are subjected to controlled drying conditions. Then, these predictions are compared to both the empirically measured evaporation rates and those generated by other numerical models. A wide range of configurations are simulated to cover the different convection regimes. Overall, these simulations show good agreement between the model's predictions and the observed experimental measurements of evaporation rates, underscoring its robustness and reliability. One notable advantage of this model is its remarkable independence from the convection regime, setting it apart from traditional empirical correlations that typically exhibit such dependencies. • Numerical prediction of the water evaporation flux. • Tangential water surface velocity estimated through the friction velocity. • Adaptability of the model to the convection regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol particles undergo continuous changes in their chemical composition and physical properties throughout their lifecycles, leading to diverse climate and health impacts. In particular, organic nanoparticle's surface equilibrium vapor pressure stands as a critical factor for gas–particle partitioning and is pivotal for understanding the evolution of aerosol properties. Herein, we present measurements of evaporation kinetics and surface equilibrium vapor pressures of a wide array of laboratory-generated organic nanoparticles, employing the dynamic-aerosol-size electrical mobility spectrometer (DEMS) methodology, a recent advancement in aerosol process characterization. The DEMS methodology is founded on the principle that the local velocity of a size-changing nanoparticle within a flow field has a one-to-one correspondence with its local size. Consequently, this approach can facilitate the in situ probing of rapid aerosol size-changing processes by analyzing the trajectories of size-changing nanoparticles within the classification region of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). We employ the DEMS with a tandem DMA setup, where a heated sheath flow in the second DMA initiates particle evaporation in its classification region. Through analysis of the DEMS response and the underlying mechanism governing the evaporation process, we reconstruct temporal radius profiles of evaporating nanoparticles and derive their surface equilibrium vapor pressures across various temperatures. Our results demonstrate a good agreement between the vapor pressures deduced from DEMS measurements and those documented in literature. We discuss the measurable vapor pressure range achievable with DEMS and elucidate associated uncertainties. Furthermore, we outline prospective directions for refining this methodology and anticipate its potential to contribute to the characterization of aerosol-related kinetic processes with currently unknown mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water vapor adsorption on soil, a crucial non-rainfall water resource in arid regions, warrants further experimental investigation, particularly on two typical land surfaces: bare soil and gravel. This study examined the formation characteristics and influencing factors of vapor adsorption in an arid region of Northwestern China. Observations and analyses were conducted on adsorption and evaporation measurements taken by two small weighing lysimeters (SLSs); soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm; surface temperature; relative humidity; and air temperature at a height of 30 cm above the ground from 2019 to 2020. The adsorbed water in this area was more abundant at night and less abundant during the day, with a stable nightly adsorption rate of 0.013 mm/h. Adsorption was more frequent in spring and winter (from January to June and November to December), accounting for about 90% of the total annual adsorption. In 2019 and 2020, the ratio values of adsorption to evaporation were 0.16 and 0.10 for bare soil, and 0.10 and 0.12 for gravel, respectively. Adsorption was more likely to occur when the soil moisture content was less than 13%; the highest adsorption frequency was close to 20% when the RH was between 75 and 95%; low soil temperatures were more conducive to the occurrence of adsorption. The effect of temperature differences (Ta−Ts) on adsorption was stronger than that of relative humidity. The adsorption frequency generally showed a bimodal change with increasing temperature difference, but the effect of temperature differences was less effective for gravel than bare soil. When the relative humidity was high and the temperature difference was weakly positive, the maximum adsorption intensity could reach 0.18 mm/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The application of solar steam generation in seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. At present, many kinds of photothermal conversion materials have been developed and used as evaporators in seawater desalination. However, some evaporators need additional thermal insulation or water supply devices to achieve efficient photothermal conversion. In addition, their complex, time consuming and no scalable preparation process, high cost of raw materials and poor salt resistance hinder the practical application of these evaporator. Owing to its distinctive nanoporous structure, diatomite as fossilized single-cells algae diatoms is a promising natural silica-based material for seawater desalination. They are taken from sea and that makes true sense to use them in the sea. Herein, we report the first example of synthesis robust three-dimensional (3D) natural-diatomite composite by assembling polyaniline nanoparticles covered diatomite into the polyvinyl alcohol pre-treated melamine foam frameworks and demonstrate its application as new evaporator for seawater desalination. The porous framework does not only improve the sunlight scattering efficiency, but also offer large network of channels for water transportation. The inherent mechanism behind salt desalination process involves the absorption of water molecules on the surface of the internal silica micro-nano pores, and evaporation under the heat induced by the polyaniline absorbed sunlight. Meanwhile, the metal ions are segregated by many available pores and channels to achieve the self-desalting effect. The developed evaporator possesses the superiority of multi-stage pore structure, strong hydrophilicity, low thermal conductivity, excellent light absorption, fast water transportation and salt-resistant crystallization as well as good durability. The evaporation rate without an additional device is found to be 1.689 kg m-2 h-1 under 1-Sun irradiation, and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 95%. This work creates a platform and develops the prospect of employing green and sustainable natural-diatomite composite evaporator for practical applications of seawater desalination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saline lakes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) affect the regional climate and water cycle through water loss (E , evaporation under ice-free conditions and sublimation under ice-covered conditions). Due to the observational difficulty over lakes, E and its underlying driving forces are seldom studied when targeting saline lakes on the QTP, particularly during ice-covered periods (ICP). In this study, the E of Qinghai Lake (QHL) and its influencing factors during ice-free periods (IFP) and ICP were first quantified based on 6 years of observations. Subsequently, three models were calibrated and compared in simulating E during the IFP and ICP from 2003 to 2017. The annual E sum of QHL is 768.58±28.73 mm, and the E sum during the ICP reaches 175.22±45.98 mm, accounting for 23 % of the annual E sum. E is mainly controlled by the wind speed, vapor pressure difference, and air pressure during the IFP but is driven by the net radiation, the difference between the air and lake surface temperatures, the wind speed, and the ice coverage during the ICP. The mass transfer model simulates lake E well during the IFP, and the model based on energy achieves a good simulation during the ICP. Moreover, wind speed weakening resulted in an 7.56 % decrease in E during the ICP of 2003–2017. Our results highlight the importance of E in ICP, provide new insights into saline lake E in alpine regions, and can be used as a reference to further improve hydrological models of alpine lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soil water evaporation pattern under high temperature is different from ambient levels. • The behavior of evaporation from the surface of the soil body significantly enhances the dewatering effect of high temperature heat sources on the soil abody. • The temperature gradient in the shallow soil (0–20 cm) and the moisture content gradient in the superficial soil (0–10 cm) at high temperature significantly affect the evaporation coefficient of the soil. The high-temperature dewatering method has a broad application prospect in loess reinforcement, and the evaporation boundary is a crucial factor in determining the dewatering effect. This study conducts evaporation tests on unsaturated loess columns at high temperatures using a self-made high-temperature evaporation test apparatus to reveal the laws of water and heat transfer and surface evaporation in unsaturated loess under high temperatures. Based on the study's results, high temperatures have a significant driving effect on water. Under high temperatures, the portion of soil near the hot end is rapidly dewatered, forming a drying zone. The presence of an evaporation boundary intensifies the high-temperature dewatering effect. Under hot-end dewatering and surface evaporation, soil water content presents the distribution laws of high at both ends and low in the middle. High temperatures greatly increase surface evaporation. The water content and temperature of surface soil significantly affect evaporation intensity, as do the water gradient and temperature gradient of shallow soil. The evaporation coefficient, defined as the ratio of evaporation intensity to saturated evaporation intensity (potential evaporation intensity), is employed to characterize soil evaporation efficiency. The evaporation coefficient measured under high temperatures is found to be higher than that calculated by the existing models for the evaporation coefficient. A new evaporation coefficient model is built using modifying existing models. The new model comprehensively considers surface and shallow soil temperatures and water contents. Validation results showed that the model can more precisely calculate the evaporation rate of surface soil under the influence of a high-temperature heat source. The research results of this paper reveal the evaporation characteristics of the surface and water migration characteristics inside loess under high temperature, which is helpful for promoting the application of thermal dewatering method in the reinforcement engineering of loess pit slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaporative crystallization of minerals in saltworks is one of the oldest industrial processes still in operation and has the potential to achieve high solar energy conversion efficiencies. While salt production from seawater has been extensively studied, the circular economy of brines exploitation is opening new fields of investigation. This article focuses on the design and simulation of a process for selective precipitation and mineral recovery from reverse osmosis brines. The process involves a two-step evaporative system followed by reactive crystallization of magnesium hydroxide. Laboratory tests and simulations using PHREEQC (pH-REdox- Equilibrium C-program) were conducted to validate the thermodynamics of the process and forecast the optimal operative conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of new particle formation (NPF) events observed in Hada Al Sham, western Saudi Arabia, during 2013–2015 showed an unusual progression where the diameter of a newly formed particle mode clearly started to decrease after the growth phase. Many previous studies refer to this phenomenon as aerosol shrinkage. We will opt to use the term decreasing mode diameter (DMD) event, as shrinkage bears the connotation of reduction in the sizes of individual particles, which does not have to be the case. While several previous studies speculate that ambient DMD events are caused by evaporation of semivolatile species, no concrete evidence has been provided, partly due to the rarity of the DMD events. The frequent occurrence and large number of DMD events in our observations allow us to perform statistically significant comparisons between the DMD and the typical NPF events that undergo continuous growth. In our analysis, we find no clear connection between DMD events and factors that might trigger particle evaporation at the measurement site. Instead, examination of air mass source areas and the horizontal distribution of anthropogenic emissions in the study region leads us to believe that the observed DMD events could be caused by advection of smaller, less-grown particles to the measurement site after the more-grown ones. Using a Lagrangian single-particle growth model, we confirm that the observed particle size development, including the DMD events, can be reproduced by non-volatile condensation and thus without evaporation. In fact, when considering increasing contributions from a semivolatile compound, we find deteriorating agreement between the measurements and the model. Based on these results, it seems unlikely that evaporation of semivolatile compounds would play a significant role in the DMD events at our measurement site. In the proposed non-volatile explanation, the DMD events are a result of the observed particles having spent an increasing fraction of their lifetime in a lower-growth environment, mainly enabled by the lower precursor vapor concentrations further away from the measurement site combined with decreasing photochemical production of condensable vapors in the afternoon. Correct identification of the cause of the DMD events is important as the fate and the climate relevance of the newly formed particles heavily depend on it – if the particles evaporated, their net contribution to larger and climatically active particle sizes would be greatly reduced. Our findings highlight the importance of considering transport-related effects in NPF event analysis, which is an often overlooked factor in such studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial open water evaporation is difficult to measure both in situ and remotely yet is critical for understanding changes in reservoirs, lakes, and inland seas from human management and climatically altered hydrological cycling. Multiple satellite missions and data systems (e.g., ECOSTRESS, OpenET) now operationally produce evapotranspiration (ET), but the open water evaporation data produced over millions of water bodies are algorithmically produced differently than the main ET data and are often overlooked in evaluation. Here, we evaluated the open water evaporation algorithm, AquaSEBS, used by ECOSTRESS and OpenET against 19 in situ open water evaporation sites from around the world using MODIS and Landsat data, making this one of the largest open water evaporation validations to date. Overall, our remotely sensed open water evaporation retrieval captured some variability and magnitude in the in situ data when controlling for high wind events (instantaneous: r2 = 0.71; bias = 13% of mean; RMSE = 38% of mean). Much of the instantaneous uncertainty was due to high wind events (u > mean daily 7.5 m·s−1) when the open water evaporation process shifts from radiatively-controlled to atmospherically-controlled; not accounting for high wind events decreases instantaneous accuracy significantly (r2 = 0.47; bias = 36% of mean; RMSE = 62% of mean). However, this sensitivity minimizes with temporal integration (e.g., daily RMSE = 1.2–1.5 mm·day−1). To benchmark AquaSEBS, we ran a suite of 11 machine learning models, but found that they did not significantly improve on the process-based formulation of AquaSEBS suggesting that the remaining error is from a combination of the in situ evaporation measurements, forcing data, and/or scaling mismatch; the machine learning models were able to predict error well in and of itself (r2 = 0.74). Our results provide confidence in the remotely sensed open water evaporation data, though not without uncertainty, and a foundation by which current and future missions may build such operational data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the sensitivity and uncertainty of evaporation assessment in a tropical reservoir in northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, four approaches were used: Penman, a Dalton-modified equation, a pressure meter and a novel acoustic sensor. The main objective is to evaluate whether sensors can be employed to adequately assess lake evaporation. The sensors were installed in floating pans and the equations are based on variables collected from a raft. The wind-inducted waves in the reservoir often disturbed the measurements using both pressure (uncertainty of ± 0.6 mm) and acoustic (uncertainty of ± 0.1 mm) sensors, causing flaws and affecting continuous monitoring. The modified Dalton model, based on data collected with a floating station, estimated values over three-hour courses of evaporation similar to those measured by the pressure meter. These findings are important contributions to an accurate monitoring of water losses through evaporation and reservoir operation, particularly in dry regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil erosion by water is influenced by a major morphogenetic factor -- precipitation. Surface runoff, initiated by rainfall, plays a key role in this process. This article addresses the effects of rainfall intensity and soil moisture on soil erosion through a series of rainfall simulations of different intensity and duration. The implementation of measurements at a research station located in the Różany Stream catchment in Poznań made it possible to study the entire water balance within the slope, including precipitation, evaporation, surface runoff and infiltration. The study included various rainfall intensities, with a focus on extreme events reflecting ongoing climate change and increasing anthropopressure. Rainfall simulations were conducted on both dry and wet ground. The results showed that increasing rainfall intensity led to greater surface runoff and soil loss. Moreover, soil moisture was identified as a critical factor affecting soil erosion, with wetter conditions reducing soil loss while increasing surface runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective Lagrangian Planar Interferometric Tracking (PIT) processor is proposed to track the size and path of multiple droplets, with spray droplet diameters (20–150 µm) and volumetric concentrations (≈ 300 drops/cm 3 ) consistent with industrial applications, produced by an ultrasonic atomiser in evaporating conditions. A test facility was developed where liquid droplets are exposed to a temperature gradient in a co-axial air flow, where the outer stream is preheated to the desired temperature (288–550 K). The PIT method builds on a TSI Global Sizing Velocimtery measurement technique and allows to detect, size and follow the path of droplets which were otherwise discarded or mis-analysed by the commercial software. The methodology was first tested under non-evaporating conditions, and multiple sources of errors, some common to most planar interferometric techniques, were identified and their order of magnitude and impact on final droplet measurement assessed. The main source of error is related to the out-of-plane motion of the droplets and the time they spend in the measurement volume. For non-evaporating conditions, measured data can be processed to filter out this source of error. In evaporating conditions, a novel method for assessing the impact of measurement error with respect to droplet evaporation and measurement timescales is defined. The PIT method allowed tracking of individual methanol droplets entrained within an airflow heated to 495 K and determining their size reduction under evaporating conditions. Measured droplet evaporation rates were then compared against those predicted by an iterative evaporation model, and a very good agreement was found between the modelled and measured estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of concrete surface gel coating using thermosensitive fluorescent (TSF) microcapsules was proposed to monitor micro-cracks of cement-based materials. The gel materials can adhere other materials, and the incorporation of microcapsules into the gel coating can be cured on various structural surfaces. Zinc sulfide and phenyl acetate were encapsulated into a polymethyl methacrylate shell to prepare the TSF microcapsules by a solvent evaporation method. When micro-cracks are generated on the surface of the gel coating, the ruptured TSF microcapsules burst out, fill the damaged area, and then emit fluorescence after being excited at ambient temperature. It was found that the brightness of the fluorescence increased with increasing temperature from 80–110 °C. When the concentration of TSF microcapsules was 15% of the mass of the gel coating, the cement-based damage-sensing material had sufficient damage-indicating effects, and the fluorescence brightness of the crack location remained even after a long time. It is expected that this study will provide an effective and intuitive method for crack location detection of cement-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evapotranspiration (ET) in mountainous watersheds affects the security of downstream water supply and ecological safety. Continuous time-varying ET cannot be obtained by traditional methods such as remote sensing and ground observations. In this study, a simple biosphere model 2 (SiB2) was parameterized in a typical mountainous area, the upper Minjiang River, using field observations and remote sensing data. The performance of SiB2 was then assessed by comparing it with direct measurements of the evaporation dishes. The results showed that (1) at the daily scale, the simulated ET was smaller than the measured ET. At the monthly scale, the relative errors between the simulated and measured values ranged from 1.48% to 20.72%. The relative error between the simulated and measured values of the total annual ET is 6.99%; (2) the ET of Minjiang River was characterized by a "bimodal" variation, with lower daily ET from November to February (non-growing season) and higher daily ET from March to August (growing season); (3) the ET of Minjiang River showed the spatial characteristics of low in the northwest and high in the southeast, with a high-value center located in Dujiangyan City. In summary, SiB2 is suitable for simulating ET in mountainous watersheds with spatial and temporal continuity. This study can contribute to the enhancement of water resources use planning and basin management in the upper Minjiang River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calculation of evaporation is needed in many applications including swimming pools, water reservoirs, nuclear fuel pools, pools for rejection of heat from refrigeration systems, process tanks, etc. Hence accurate methods for prediction of evaporation are needed. Many prediction methods have been published including analytical models and empirical correlations. In the present study, 18 published prediction methods are compared to a very wide-ranging database which includes data from laboratory scale studies, swimming pools, and fuel pools in nuclear power plants. The data are from 25 sources. The range of data includes air temperatures from 6°C to 200°C, water temperatures from 7.1°C to 94.2°C, relative humidity from 0.21% to 98%, and air velocity from 0 to 8.5 m/s. The accuracy of prediction methods is examined for conditions in which natural convection dominates, that in which forced convection dominates, and that in which natural convection is absent. The results are reported and discussed. Recommendations are made for application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil evaporation concerns water and our life support sources, which are important for agriculture or for climate change prediction science. A simple instrument based on the nonsteady-state (NSS) technique for soil evaporation measurement appears suitable. However, because the NSS chamber technique is highly invasive, special care should be provided to correct the wind speed influence on the evaporation process. Soil evaporation is a complex process that involves many soil and air characteristics. Measurement chamber installation on the soil and its head deployment may perturb these characteristics. We therefore had to minimize differences or to correct the measurements. Most of the differences between bare soil and soil with a deployed chamber head can be minimized, except for the wind speed influences that are not reproducible inside a chamber head. Meanwhile, as the wind influences depend on numerous variables that are not monitorable in real time, a self-calibrating chamber with a corresponding protocol called the Autocalibrated Soil Evapo-respiration Chamber (ASERC) was developed to make the measurements easily corrigible on bare soil with a unique variable (wind speed, WS), regardless of the soil composition, soil texture, and other soil or air meteorological variables. A simple protocol followed by this chamber allows us to determine the soil evaporation wind speed susceptibility (Z) and to correct the measurements achieving 0.95 as the coefficient of determination. Some interesting findings on sandy and clayey soil evaporation measured during laboratory calibration and "slow" sensor simulation will also be reported in the two appendices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]