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Bipolar objects are widespread in nature, and their two attributes describe the opposition and unity of the things. Motivated by characterizing fuzzy topological structures by means of fuzzy graphs, we propose a bipolar fuzzy topological graph to measure the features of bipolar fuzzy systems. The topological characteristics in bipolar neutrosophic and bipolar interval-valued fuzzy settings are discussed as well. Several instances are manifested to clarify new definitions and conclusions. Furthermore, the properties of edge calculating and graph isomorphic are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important tool to represent structured and uncertain data, graph models are widely used in computer networks and chemical molecular structure representation. If there are uncertainties in the vertices or the binary relationship between vertices in the graph, the membership function is introduced to the vertex set and the edge set, and the fuzzy graph is used to describe such uncertain structural features. The independent set is an important object to measure the topological structure of the graph, as the basis of many graph parameters. In this paper, a novel concept of independent set is proposed in bipolar fuzzy graph setting. The fuzzy topological parameters to measure its degree of independence are defined, and the characteristics of bipolar independence degree are obtained by using graph theory and fuzzy set theory, especially for two types of product bipolar fuzzy graphs. Finally, the algorithm for calculating the maximum (resp. minimum) positive (resp. negative) fuzzy subgraph with given positive (resp. negative) degree of independence is designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a critical field of theoretical chemistry, chemical graph theory works as a key part in the model topology calculation and prediction based on chemical molecular structures. The paper can contribute to the research in the following aspects: (1) We propose the concept of bipolar fuzzy influence graph, using positive and negative membership functions to describe positive and negative uncertainties respectively; (2) Based on the new concept, we give a hypothesis to explain the memory of water. The hypothesis is based on two salient facts of the bipolar fuzzy influence graph. Initially, the non-collapsibility of the positive and negative membership functions ensures that the information after using fuzzy coding will not change with the material layer. Then, the influence pairs connect the vertices and edges between different components in the graph through bipolar uncertain influence. At the end of this paper, the conditions for the establishment of the hypothesis and the facts to be verified in the future are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fuzzy membership function has non-collapsability and can be used to characterize uncertainties that cannot be explored by sudden events. As the membership function does not satisfy the complementarity law, a single membership function cannot simultaneously characterize the positive and negative aspects of things. This article considers structured fuzzy data with negative uncertainty information, which is modeled using bipolar fuzzy graphs. On this basis, we consider the connectivity remainder of the model and obtain the corresponding theoretical results. In addition, we have discussed some related fractional factor issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]