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To evaluate the differences of Aconiti Radix and Aconiti Radix Preparata from three different regions by chemometrics and principal component content determinations. The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was established on a Waters SunFire C18(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm), and acetonitrile-glacial acetic acid(0.2%)solution(triethylamine adjusted pH to 6.20)was adopted as the mobile phase for gradient elution, with the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and the detection wavelength of 235 nm. The fingerprints were analyzed by the software of “Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012)”. The discriminant analysis of hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA), principal component analysis(PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)were employed, combined with chemometrics and the determination results of principal components. The results were as follows:(1)HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Aconiti Radix and its processed products from three areas were established, 25 and 14 common fingerprint peaks were calibrated in 15 batches of raw and processed, six peaks were identified by the mixed reference product. They were benzoylmesaconitine(peak 16), benzoylaconitine(peak 17), benzoylhypaconitine(peak 18), mesaconitine(peak 21), hypaconitine(peak 22), aconitine(peak 23).(2)Chemometrics showed that 30 batches of samples were clustered into two categories, 15 batches of Aconiti Radix were classified into three classes, 15 batches of Aconiti Radix Preparata were classified into three classes. Six components containing mesaconitine and hypaconitine may be the potential different components of Aconiti Radix from different regions before and after processing.(3)The content determination results of principal components changed in varying degrees before and after processing, and the determination results of some principal components in Jiangyou of Sichuan producing area before and after processing were significantly higher than those in the other two producing areas. The fingerprint method which established in the study is accurate, repeatable, and reliable. Furthermore, combined with chemometrics and principal component content determination, it could be used for the quality control of Aconiti Radix and its processed product from different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]